BIOLOGY .

Investigatory
.
PROJECT

Mayphiolo.gg OF
flurrying plaints
Namie Fix a
-

class Xt B
-

-
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This Fiza
is to
certify that
of class XI B
-

Model School
of Kamal Sr .
See .
has
successfully
completed the
investigatory project on
Morphology
of flowering plants under the
guidance of
Mrs. Suman
Rapyan [ Biology Teacher)] during the year
2021-22

signature of Principal signature of biology teacher

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the outset I am
very grateful to our

Hs
ped ed
-

teacher Mrs .
Suman
Rajan for her kind

support and
guidance that she has been

providing during the preparation of this

project .

I express my
sincere
gratitude to
school
Mrs. Vandana Tandon , principal of our
for giving me this
opportunity .

I also
express thanks to
my my parents
and
my
brother who
helped me in all

aspects in
completing this
project .

Name Tiza
-

Class -
XI B -
 Objective
The main objective of this
investigatory project
is to study the
morphology of flowering
to learn about
plants I this topic
chose so as
.

different aspects their

the
of angiosperms such as

roots , leaves stems and flowers .

,
 INDAH .

s.NO .
Topic Page .NO .

1. Certificate y

2. Acknowledgement 2

3 .
Objective 3

4 .
Introduction 4-5

g. Rootsytem 5-6

6. shoot system 7- q
↳ stem 7

leaves 8

> Flower a

BIBUOHRAPY
F. to
 _*tH¥RHHHI.tk#Hn
Morphology is the name
given to the science that deals with thistidy of the
form
and structure The include the root stem
of things .

morphology of flowering plants ,

leaves and the F- land

towering plants finesse
the
flower . are most
group of plants
with 3,001000 known species . These are also known as
angiosperms and produced
seed -

bearing fruits .

Flowers important feature

are the
reproductive organs of the flowering plants and the most

that distinguish them from other seed plants . The

flowering plants reproduce by
the

that
process of pollination
It is believed
flowering plants evolved from
.
the

gymnosperms during
the Triassic period and the first flowering plant emerged
140 million
years ago .

their life span classified

Depending plants are as -

upon ,

ANNUALS BIENNIALS PERENNIALS

completes their lifecycle completes their lifecycle survives

for
in two several
in one
year years
one
for growing years
-

Cy : -
Mustard Pea ,
and other for flowering . Bean flowers and
fruits every
Gf :- Radish , Turnip year .

Eg : -

Mango ,
Guava
 -
Shoot

system

lateral root -
Root

root
system
Primary

The labelled
diagram of a
flowering plant
discussed deeply in further pages .
 ADF.is#ySstTf-M.m
The root is and Root with their
a brown , non
green underground part of a
plant .

branches is collectively called root

a
system
.

There three the root

are
types of systems : -

• TAPROOT SYSTEM
It the radicle the
The taproot is mainly found in dicotyledonous plants .

develops from of
with
of the
germinating seed , along its
primary roots and branches ,
giving ñse

the
to
taproot system .

Mustard seeds
mangoes , grams
, banyan
and are a
few examples
of dicot planes with taproot system .

• FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

in in
The
fibrous soot is
mainly found ferns and all
monocotyledonous plants .

branched
The soot develops from thin , moderately
roots the stem
or
primary roots
growing from
.

The
fibrous root
system usually does not
penetrate deep
into the soil .

Wheat ,
paddy ,
grass ,
carrots are a
few examples .

• ADVENTITIOUS ROOT

The roots
part of the plant body
other that the radicle is
which
originate from any
called the adventitious root The soot
system .

system
is
mainly found in all
monocotyledonous plants .
It is

used for various purposes in

,
like mechanical support Banyan
tree .
 OF Roots
Regions Region
A. Root lap -
It is terminal structure .
It protects tender
of
maturation

soot
apex of .

* Mesismatic zone Cells this %%

.
-

of regions are
very small

and thin walled divide

•

They repeatedly and

Region of
increase cell Number
Elongation
.

*
Elongation Region - The cells
proximal to mesistimatic

undergo rapidelongation and enlargement

zone
region of
ternate activity men's
and are onsEble for rapid growth of goofs
Hsp rootap .

Maturation
*
region cells proximal to region of elongation gradually differentiate and mature
-
.

Root hairs in maturation

are
present zone .

Modification OFRoots
Roots
modify for : -

For support -

poop roots in Banyan tree ,

stilt roots in maize and
sugarcane .

For
sespi ration mangroves)
in
Pneumatophore Rhizophora (
-

For C Radish conical ( carat)

storage of food Fusiform Napifoom (turnip
-

, ,
 '

www.tko.syzgs-w.me
The shoot
system consists
of stem
, flower ,
leaves and the
fruit .

stem Tt is the aerial part of the

plant and develop from
-

seed
plumule of the
embryo of the ground noting .

It bears Nodes and internodes

- \
whereleaves region between
are born two nodes

The is erect and soil

stem and towards the
light
-

the
grows away from .

These is terminal bud stem

the
apex of the
-
a at .

and
Young stems are
green photosynthetic
-
.

Multicellular hair
present
is
--
.

The stem and branches

of mature plants
•

bear fruits and

flowers .

BIFF ⑧ ERR .
It ⑥ BRASS
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• Suckers

Runners
•

• Climbers
•
Tubers
•
Rhizome
•
Tendrils
• Thorns
• Cladodl
 Leaves
The
leaf is a
laterally borne structure and
usually flattened . It is the

main photosynthetic parts of the plants It absorbs light and in

.

helps
the
exchange of gases through the stomata .

The main
parts of the leaf includes the leaf base , petiole ,

and lamina .

the axil The

They grow
at node and bear at the
arrangement of
'
.

veins and vein lets in a

leaf is called venation .

The leaves are

green
because
of the
presence of
the
photosynthetic pigment called
stomata where the
chlorophyll and have a
tiny pose or
opening called ,

gaseous exchange
takes
place .

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Leaf base
•
- This is the
part where a
leaf attaches

to stem base two small

leaf life
the
leaf has -

structure called In like

stipules .
plants paddy ,
wheat ,

this is wide and

and other
monocotyledons , leaf base

masks the stem .

Petiole Petiole is thin stalk that links the

the
long
• -

, ,

leaf blade to the stem .

• Lamina -

Also known as leaf blade .

Itis the
green flat ,
surface
of the
leaves It consists small branched and veinlet
.

of a veins .

The veins that runs

along the middle of the lamina is
called midrib .
 Ffoueeq
The
flowers are the reproductive part of the plant The arrangement of flowers .

on the
floral axis is called inflorescence which has two major parts called ,

which let the main axis continue to and which terminates

racemose
grow cymose
the main axis in a
flow .

In ( radical
symmetry ,
the
flower may
be
actinomorphic symmetry ) or

( bilateral )
zygomorphic symmetry .

A
flower may be trimerous ,
tetra mesons or pentamerous when the floral
in multiple of 4
appendages are 3
,
or 5
respectively .

Flowers with bracts - seduced

leaf found at the base of the
pedicel are

called bracteate and those without bracts ,

ebracteate .

The consists whorls :

flower of four different

•
Calyx -
the outermost whorl
of flower Each member of this whorl is called
.

sepals calyx may

. The be
gamosepalous ( sepals united ) poly sepalous or

( sepals
free)
-

Corolla second whorls is called corolla and is called

• The of flower each member
-

Petals .

Maybe gamopetalous or
polypetalous .
Grotto
may
be tubular

bell shaped wheel shaped

funnel shaped or
-

•
Androecium -
The third whorl of the
flower and is made
up of
one or more stamen .

Each stamen anther and connective Each

consists of filament ,
.
anther is
usually
bilobed and each two chambers
lobe has
,
the
pollen sacs .
The
pollen grains
are produced in pollen sac .

When stamen is attached to : -

the
petals they epipetalous
-

,
are

the
perianth they ,
are
epiphyllous
•
Gynoecium -
a- is the female reproductive part of
of the flower and is made
up of one or more
carpets .

carpet consists of
A three
pasty namely stigma ,

style and Orang .

 Bibliography

class 11
- NCERT Biology Textbook for .

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