DP Unit 9 & 19. Redox Processes

DP UNIT 9 & 19.
REDOX PROCESSES
Sekolah Victory Plus Regine Alfonso Balagtas, BSCT ., Dea Sukrisna, S.Pd .
IB DP Chemistry (Grade 12) Line 6
Summary
DP UNIT 9 & 19. REDOX PROCESSES
Subject Year Start date Duration

Chemistry Grade 11, Grade 12 Week 4, August 10 weeks
Course Part
Reduction - Oxidation Reactions
Description
Oxidation and reduction (also known as redox) reactions are those where atoms change their oxidation state, meaning they
have either gained or lost electrons. This is a broad area of chemistry, and many reactions can technically be considered redox
reactions. However, for this topic ,we are talking about:
• Reactions involving metals

• Reactions in voltaic cells (batteries)
• Reactions in electrolytic cells
Inquiry & Purpose
Essential Understandings
That chemical reactions can be driven by and release energy as electricity.
That oxidation and reduction reactions occur together.
The discovery of electricity has enable us to develop all sorts of useful technological advances and has had a massive impact
on
everyday life. Can we imagine a world without batteries or aluminium, for example?
The Industrial Revolution was the consequence of the mass production of iron by a reduction process. However, iron
spontaneously
reverts back to an oxidized form. What price do we continue to pay in terms of energy and waste for choosing a metal so prone
to
oxidation and why was it chosen?
Inquiry Questions
Type Inquiry Questions
Content-based What is oxidation and reduction?
Content-based What is an electrolytic cell?
Content-based What is a voltaic cell?
Content-based How does electrolysis work?
Sekolah Victory Plus

Page 1 of 12
Type Inquiry Questions
Content-based How does a voltaic cell work?
Skills-based How can we construct half equations?
Skills-based How can we deduce the products of electrolysis?
Transfer goals
• Redox (reduction–oxidation) reactions play a key role in many chemical and biochemical processes.
• Voltaic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy and electrolytic cells convert electrical energy to chemical energy.
Missed concepts/misunderstandings
Students get confused over the processes involved in electrolysis with a voltaic cell. They also mix up the terms oxidation
numbers,
charge and oxidation states.
Curriculum
Aims
Acquire a body of knowledge, methods and techniques that characterize science and technology
Apply and use a body of knowledge, methods and techniques that characterize science and technology
Objectives
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
facts, concepts, and terminology
methodologies and techniques
Apply
facts, concepts, and terminology
Formulate, analyse and evaluate
hypotheses, research questions and predictions
primary and secondary data
Syllabus Content
Core

Page 2 of 12
9. Redox processes
9.1 Oxidation and reduction
Nature of science:
How evidence is used - changes in the definition of oxidation and reduction from one involving specific elements
(oxygen and hydrogen), to one involving electron transfer, to one invoking oxidation numbers is a good example
of the way that scientists broaden similarities to general principles.
Understandings:
Oxidation and reduction can be considered in terms of oxygen gain/hydrogen loss, electron transfer or change in
oxidation number.
An oxidizing agent is reduced and a reducing agent is oxidized.
Variable oxidation numbers exist for transition metals and for most main-group non-metals.
The activity series ranks metals according to the ease with which they undergo oxidation.
The Winkler Method can be used to measure biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), used as a measure of the
degree of pollution in a water sample.
Applications and skills:
Deduction of the oxidation states of an atom in an ion or a compound.
Deduction of the name of a transition metal compound from a given formula, applying oxidation numbers
represented by Roman numerals.
Identification of the species oxidized and reduced and the oxidizing and reducing agents, in redox reactions.
Deduction of redox reactions using half-equations in acidic or neutral solutions.
Deduction of the feasibility of a redox reaction from the activity series or reaction data.
Solution of a range of redox titration problems.
Application of the Winkler Method to calculate BOD.
9.2 Electrochemical cells
Nature of science:
Ethical implications of research - the desire to produce energy can be driven by social needs or profit.
Understandings:
Voltaic (Galvanic) cells:
Voltaic cells convert energy from spontaneous, exothermic chemical processes to electrical energy.
Oxidation occurs at the anode (negative electrode) and reduction occurs at the cathode (positive electrode)
in a voltaic cell.
Electrolytic cells:
Electrolytic cells convert electrical energy to chemical energy, by bringing about non-spontaneous processes.

Page 3 of 12
Oxidation occurs at the anode (positive electrode) and reduction occurs at the cathode (negative electrode) in an
electrolytic cell.
Construction and annotation of both types of electrochemical cells.
Explanation of how a redox reaction is used to produce electricity in a voltaic cell and how current is conducted
in an electrolytic cell.
Distinction between electron and ion flow in both electrochemical cells.
Performance of laboratory experiments involving a typical voltaic cell using two metal/metal-ion half-cells.
Deduction of the products of the electrolysis of a molten salt.
11. Measurement and data processing
11.3 Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds
Understandings:
Mass spectrometry (MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) and infrared spectroscopy
(IR) are techniques that can be used to help identify compounds and to determine their structure.
Additional higher level
19. Redox processes
19.1 Electrochemical cells
Nature of science:
Employing quantitative reasoning - electrode potentials and the standard hydrogen electrode.
Collaboration and ethical implications - scientists have collaborated to work on electrochemical cell technologies
and have to consider the environmental and ethical implications of using fuel cells and microbial fuel cells.
Understandings:
A voltaic cell generates an electromotive force (EMF) resulting in the movement of electrons from the anode
(negative electrode) to the cathode (positive electrode) via the external circuit. The EMF is termed the cell potential
(E⁰).
The standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) consists of an inert platinum electrode in contact with 1 mol dm-3
hydrogen ion and hydrogen gas at 100 kPa and 298 K. The standard electrode potential (E⁰) is the potential
(voltage) of the reduction half-equation under standard conditions measured relative to the SHE. Solute
concentration is 1 mol dm-3 or 100 kPa for gases. E⁰ of the SHE is 0 V.
When aqueous solutions are electrolysed, water can be oxidized to oxygen at the anode and reduced to hydrogen
at the cathode.
△G⁰ = –nFE⁰. When E⁰ is positive, △G⁰ is negative indicative of a spontaneous process. When E⁰ is negative,
△G⁰ is positive indicative of a non-spontaneous process. When E⁰ is 0, then △G⁰ is 0.
Current, duration of electrolysis and charge on the ion affect the amount of product formed at the electrodes
during electrolysis.

Page 4 of 12
Electroplating involves the electrolytic coating of an object with a metallic thin layer.
Calculation of cell potentials using standard electrode potentials.
Prediction of whether a reaction is spontaneous or not using E⁰ values.
Determination of standard free-energy changes (△G⁰) using standard electrode potentials.
Explanation of the products formed during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions.
Perform lab experiments that could include single replacement reactions in aqueous solutions.
Determination of the relative amounts of products formed during electrolytic processes.
Explanation of the process of electroplating.
Content
9.1. Oxidation and reduction
9.2. Electrochemical cells
19.1. Electrochemical cells (HL ONLY)
Skills
• Deduction of the oxidation states of an atom in an ion or a compound.
• Deduction of the name of a transition metal compound from a given formula, applying oxidation numbers represented by
Roman numerals.
• Identification of the species oxidized and reduced and the oxidizing and reducing agents, in redox reactions.
• Deduction of redox reactions using half-equations in acidic or neutral solutions.
• Deduction of the feasibility of a redox reaction from the activity series or reaction data.
• Solution of a range of redox titration problems.
• Application of the Winkler Method to calculate BOD.
• Construction and annotation of both types of electrochemical cells.
• Explanation of how a redox reaction is used to produce electricity in a voltaic cell and how current is conducted in an
electrolytic cell.
• Distinction between electron and ion flow in both electrochemical cells.
• Performance of laboratory experiments involving a typical voltaic cell using two metal/metal-ion half-cells.
• Deduction of the products of the electrolysis of molten salt.
(HL ONLY)
• Calculation of cell potentials using standard electrode potentials.

• Prediction of whether a reaction is spontaneous or not using Eo values.
• Determination of standard free-energy changes (∆Go) using standard electrode potentials.
• Explanation of the products formed during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions.
• Perform lab experiments that could include single replacement reactions in aqueous solutions.
• Determination of the relative amounts of products formed during electrolytic processes.
• Explanation of the process of electroplating.

Page 5 of 12
Concepts
• "Oxidation and reduction can be considered in terms of oxygen gain/hydrogen loss, electron transfer or change in oxidation
number."
• "An oxidizing agent is reduced and a reducing agent is oxidized."
• "Variable oxidation numbers exist for transition metals and for most main-group non-metals."
• "The activity series ranks metals according to the ease with which they undergo oxidation."
• "The Winkler Method can be used to measure biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), used as a measure of the degree
of pollution in a water sample."
Voltaic (Galvanic) cells
• "Voltaic cells convert energy from spontaneous, exothermic chemical processes to electrical energy."
• "Oxidation occurs at the anode (negative electrode) and reduction occurs at the cathode (positive electrode) in a voltaic
cell."
Electrolytic cells
• "Electrolytic cells convert electrical energy to chemical energy, by bringing about non-spontaneous processes."
• "Oxidation occurs at the anode (positive electrode) and reduction occurs at the cathode (negative electrode) in an
electrolytic cell."
(HL ONLY)
• "A voltaic cell generates an electromotive force (EMF) resulting in the movement of electrons from the anode (negative
electrode) to the cathode (positive electrode) via the external circuit. The EMF is termed the cell potential (Eº)."
• "The standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) consists of an inert platinum electrode in contact with 1 mol dm-3 hydrogen ion
and hydrogen gas at 100 kPa and 298 K. The standard electrode potential (Eº) is the potential (voltage) of the reduction half-
equation under standard conditions measured relative to the SHE. Solute concentration is 1 mol dm-3 or 100 kPa for gases.
Eº of the SHE is 0 V."
• "When aqueous solutions are electrolysed, water can be oxidized to oxygen at the anode and reduced to hydrogen at the
cathode.
• "ΔGº = -nFEº. When Eº is positive, ΔGº is negative indicative of a spontaneous process. When Eº is negative, ΔGº is positive
indicative of a non-spontaneous process. When Eº is 0, then ΔGº is 0."
• "Current, duration of electrolysis and charge on the ion affect the amount of product formed at the electrodes during
electrolysis."
• "Electroplating involves the electrolytic coating of an object with a metallic thin layer."
Connections
Language and learning
Scaffolding for new learning
Assessment
Formative assessment
• Practice exercises with Answer Key

• MCQ Problem sets and structured questions with answer key

Page 6 of 12
Note: Activities are given below.
Learning Experiences
Prior learning experiences
Students should already understand the following:
• Students should
• Students should
Pedagogical approaches
Introduction to Unit
Learning objectives: Assess students' prior learning.
Students .
Students
Topic - Oxidation and reduction
Learning Objectives:
9.1. U9: How evidence is used - changes in the definition of oxidation and reduction from one involving specific elements
(oxygen and hydrogen), to one involving electron transfer, to one invoking oxidation numbers is a good example of the way that
scientists broaden similarities to general principles.
• Explain reduction and oxidation reactions.

• Describe the oxidation states of atoms in a compound.
• Differentiate oxidizing and reducing agents
• Describe the activity series of metals in order of their strength as reducing agents.
• Balance redox reaction
1. Thought-provoking question: What to bring in an online learning

2. Video Presentation: (1587) GCSE Chemistry - Oxidation and Reduction - Redox Reactions #32 (Higher Tier) - YouTube
3. Video Presentation: (1587) Oxidizing and Reducing Agents - YouTube
4. Practice Exercise: Calculating oxidation states
5. Practice Exercise: Naming compounds with oxidation states
6. Practice Exercise: Determine reduction and oxidation reaction in terms of their oxidation states
7. Video Presentation: (1588) Practice Problem: Balancing Redox Reactions - YouTube
8. Video Presentation: (1588) Redox titration lab - permanganate and iron (II) under acidic conditions - YouTube
Topic - Electrochemical cells
9.2. U9: Ethical implications of research - the desire to produce energy can be driven by social needs or profit.
• Differentiate voltaic (galvanic) cell with electrolytic cell

Page 7 of 12
• Describe electrolytic cells

• Describe voltaic cells
• Explain the cell diagram conventions
• Cite the use of electrolytic cell
• Cite the use of Galvanic cells
1. Video Presentation: Water Electrolysis - YouTube

2. Video Presentation: Electrolysis of water - YouTube
3. Video Presentation: (1590) How Does Electroplating Work | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool - YouTube
4. Video Presentation: (1590) How Does Electroplating Work | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool - YouTube
5. Video Presentation: Voltaic Cells - YouTube
6. Video Presentation: (1590) Galvanic Cell.swf - YouTube
7. Video Presentation: Chemistry Videos 10 Voltaic Cell - YouTube
8. Video Presentation: How batteries work - Adam Jacobson - YouTube
Topic - Spectroscopic identification of organic compound
9.3. U9: Mass spectrometry (MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR)
are techniques that can be used to help identify compounds and to determine their structure.
• Explain the Wrinkler Method

• Calculate the dissolved oxygen concentration in reaction
1. Video Presentation: (1588) 9.1 The Winkler method (SL) - YouTube

2. Video Presentation: (1588) 9.1 The Winkler method (SL) - YouTube
AHL
Topic - Electrochemical cell
19.1.1. U19: Employing quantitative reasoning - electrode potentials and the standard hydrogen electrode.
19.1.2. U19: Collaboration and ethical implications - scientists have collaborated to work on electrochemical cell technologies
and have to consider the environmental and ethical implications of using fuel cells and microbial fuel cells.
Feedback
• for improvement of teaching
• for improvement of learning
Student expectations
• practice exercises and problem sets
• formative and summative assessments
• acceptable evidence of understanding should depend on the marking schemes

Page 8 of 12
Support materials
Examples
Sample Exam Questions
Mark Schemes
Learning Process
Lecture
Socratic seminar
PowerPoint lecture/notes
Activities
Problem sets with answer key provided
Problem_Set_9.1.pdf
Problem_Set_9.1__With_Answer_Key_.pdf
Problem_Set_9.2.pdf
Problem_Set_9.3_.pdf
Practice exercises with answer key provided
_3.2__Practice_Exercises_on_Redox_Titration__Answer__1_.pdf
Differentiation
Value prior knowledge

Scaffold learning
Reflections & Evaluation
General Reflections & Evaluation
Prior to studying the unit
Dea Sukrisna, S.Pd . Jan 13, 2022 at 9:18 PM
This unit is the beginning of teaching concept more explicitly. Students have been familiar with the big concept in science
such as relationship, change and system (From MYP). The planning is to guide students recognizing concept in the
phenomena of electrochemistry cell and try to transfer the concepts relations in other subject. Evidence of relationship may
bring about change.

Page 9 of 12
During the unit
What did we find compelling? Concepts are really in the students' mind already. It is easy for them to recognize and transfer.
What, if any, extension activities arose? students can make mind maps on the conceptual relation,
Notes/changes/suggestions:
give more challenging transfer knowledge
What worked well
Jam Board conceptual brainstorm
simulation of voltaic cell and electrolysis cell can be used to identify content understanding
What didn’t work well
Determination of oxygen dissolve experiment. Sending the materials to students and doing experiment at home is not
effective, the reagent is not fresh and changed in concentration hence the reaction does not working
Transfer reflection
the result of the assessment and seeing there is a students able to formulate an IA RQ from this unit, make it reasonable to
believe that students has quite good achievement

Page 10 of 12
Stream & Resources
Resources
Regine Alfonso Balagtas, BSCT .

Posted 1 file on May 31, 2021 at 5:36 PM
Slides on the applications of Electrochemical Cells
_5__Applications_of_Electrochemical_Cells.pdf
200 KB PDF Document

Slides on Winkler Method and Electrochemical Cells
_4__The_Winkler_Method_and_Electrochemical_Cells.pdf
5 MB PDF Document

Practice Exercises on Redox Titration with Answer #1
_3.2__Practice_Exercises_on_Redox_Titration__Answer__1_.pdf
700 KB PDF Document

Slides on Redox Titration
_3.1__Slides_on_Redox_Titration_.pdf
2 MB PDF Document

Slides on Activity Series and Balancing Redox in Acidic Solutions
_2__Slides_on_Activity_Series_and_Balancing_Redox_in_Acidic_Solutions.pdf
2 MB PDF Document

Page 11 of 12

Slides on Reduction and Oxidation
_1__Slides_on_Reduction_and_Oxidation.pdf
4 MB PDF Document

Page 12 of 12

DP Unit 9 & 19. Redox Processes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

DP Unit 9 & 19. Redox Processes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DP Unit 9 & 19. Redox Processes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DP UNIT 9 & 19.

IB DP Chemistry (Grade 12) Line 6