GP ejitasp
(i) and (i) was considering x = +ve
ife=-ve (i) and (i) inequalities will reverse
Ratio as a part of total value
If two quantities A & B are in the ratio p:qthen
A_p
td q =A-=pK, B=qKk
$0 A+B=(p+qk
pc ape
A+B” p+q
Py
o A= peq(’+8)
Pp
SoAwill be 5g Part of total sum of the quantities
similarly B will be oa part of total sum of the
quantities.
Example 1.
Given that for two quantities a & b, 2a = 3b. What
will be the ratio (4a + 5b) : (2a + 3b)?
Solution:
a8
fax aba =5
= a= 3K, b= 2K
4atSo _ 4x3K+5%2K
8° 2a+db ~ 2x3K+3xOK
2K 14
1K = 6
So the required ratio is 11: 6
Example 2.
lfa:b=3:58&a:c=6:7 then what is,
a:b:c?
Solution.
a:b=3:5
a:c=6:7
In this case the common quantity is
‘a’ so we will make a's value as constant.
Sowe can say
a:b = 6 : 10 (multiplying by 2)
anda: 7
soa;b:c=6:10:7
Example 3,
10a® ab _ 10
W gap cbr 77 What willbe a:b
(a) 2:3 (b) 2:5
©) 3:4 (@) 3:7
Solution,
10a’ +ab _ 10 54
Reasoning & Aptitude
OF 108? + ab = a0ab — tobe
= Wattab _ 30ab-10b*
ab ab
> 8)44 = 30-af2
rof2)s4 = 30. (2)
Assuming 2 . y
b
= 10r = 29-1o( 2)
or 10x? = 29x-10
= 10-2914 10=0
10 28
ad = 35 10
er
= re Zod
Hence option (b)
Types of Ratio
If two quantities A & B have their ratio as
P:qthen
* Duplicate ratio of A: Bis P?: q?
* Triplicate ratio of A: Bis P®: q?
* Sub-duplicate ratio of A: Bis VP: /q
* Sub-tiplicate of A: Bis YP :9q
Example 1.
‘The ratio of two quantities A & B is 4: 9 whatis the
triplicate ratio of sub-duplicate ratio of A & B.
Solution.
‘The sub-duplicate ratio of A & Bis J4: 9
= 2:3
The triplicate ratio of 2 : 3 is 2°: 3°
= 8:27
Proportion
Proportion is comparison of two equal ratio. When
the two ratios are equal then all the quantities
‘comprising the ratios are called in proportion i.e,
a. 2
ib ~ g (ne a, b, 8d are in proportion & ‘dig
called as fourth proportion of a, b & c,
If three quantities a, b, c are taken then
here cis called as third proportion of a&
», b is called as second proportioy
nN OF mean
Proportion of a & c.
Example 1.
MADE Eng,
bes ao
b= vac ; |
ao proportion is the geometric mean of |
$0 mem tties. Here the quantities b and c willy,
two aye proportion’ similaryif@,b, Cdare,
in ‘con
continued proportion then
a_b_¢
rinetne wey we can say that if the terms ae
GP. then they will be in continued proportion,
80
“Find out the mean proportion of 3 & 27 also find ou.
their third proportion.
Solution.
For mean proportion 3, x, 27 are in proportion
2S |
fe xo
= x = 3x27orx=9
‘So mean proportion of 3 & 27 is 9
For third proportion 3, 27, x are in proportion
3 27
ie oak.
= = oF
= x = 243 |
So third proportion of 3 & 27 is 243.
ie.
Applications of Proportion
Proportion is very much useful in removing the
complexity of the problems in ratios. There are some.
basic rules that have to be taken care of: |
ita, b, c,d are in proportion
(Componendo-dividendo rule)
= (invertend rutey
|
b
= g (alternendo rutey
|
| CE
nave EASY * Ratio, Proportion & Variation | 55
ariation o AB const.
vi 80 AB, = AB, = A.B, = ..Ab,=K
se basic meaning of variation is respective change
Trarthatic, use of variation makes problems very easy
irgporoact. tis the relationship between the changes
| oftwo quantities
Let us assume there are two quantities A & B if any
Shange is done ‘A & that change results the change in B
then the quantities are called in variation. One thing has
tobe remembered the change we are counting is mutiple
‘cnange not the differential change i.e. If quantity is 60
| hattnenitbecomes 80 then the change willnot be taken
as (+20). [tl be taken as 80/60 = 4/3
Direct variation : For two quantities a & b if the
nature of changes are similar then they will be
directly varying Le.
it axb
then if ‘a’ becomes twice then ‘b’ will also be twice.
Hfabecomes 2/3 times then b wil also be 2/8 times.
Example 1)
Two quantities A & B are varying directly. Initially,
‘Awas 30 & B was 50, what has to be the value of B
ifA becomes 24?
Solution.
Here AaB
Change in A is 24/30 times = 4/5 times
So the change in B will be the same
So B will be 4/5 times of 50 = 4/5 x 50 = 40
In other way we can make it as
o
= x= 2y 50
> 3
Inverse Variation
ied in variation the nature of changes in the two
ntites are inverse then the quantities will be in
inverse variation?
Me, Aad
8
then Aum 3S
8
Example 1.
‘Acar running with some speed increases its speed
to 4/3 times & reaches its destination 30 minutes
earlier. What time it will take if it runs with original
speed?
Solution.
Here we know that speed « 1/time
‘So we can use variation property
Let us assume the initial speed as
ast
Now by the property of inverse variation
(speed), x (time), = (speed), x (ime),
& initial time
Sxt= Ssxitime),
3
= St
= (ime), = 3
given that (time), — (time), = 30 mins.
> + = 30 ort = 120 mins.
So the car will take 120 mins with original speed.
Compound Ratio & Concept of Partnership
If there are two ratio a:b and c: d then their compound
ratio will be a xc: b x d.
This leads to the concept of partnerships the main part
of the partnership is the division of profit between the
partners. The profit among the partners is always
divided in the compound ratio of investment ratio and
time of investment ratio i.e.
Ifthe partners’ investment ratio is P, : P, :P, & the ratio
of their investment time is t, : t, : t, then the ratio of
profit = Pt, : P,t;: Pty
So there may be three cases of the profit sharing.
Case 1.
If the ratio of investment is unity i. the invest equal
amount then
PyrP,:Pyetitst
So ratio of protit sharing will be
Example 1.
It three persons A, B, C invests rupees 20000 in a
business for 3 years, 2 years & S years respectively
then what will be the ratio of their profits 56 a
|_* Reasoning & aptitude
Solution.
Sini
thea, th® investment is same for althe persons $0
Profit will be divided in the ratio of
IxB:tx2:155
18. 3: 2:5 will be the profit ratio.
Case 2,
{the investment time is same for all the persons
©, +t: l= 1:1: 14, then the profit willbe shared
in the ratio of their investment ie. the ratio of profit
will be
Py: Py:P,
Example 1.
A, B, C invest rupees 10000, 15000 & 20000
Fespectively in a business for 2 years each, what
will be the ratio of their profit?
Solution,
Since the investment time is constant. So profit will
be shared in the ratio of their investment ie. ratio
of profit
Case 3.
‘When the investments variable we have to look for
the effective investment value for the profit sharing.
Example 1.
A.B, C invested rupees 10000, 15000 & 20000
respectively. Next year A & B invested 5000 more
while C withdrew 10000 rupees. What will be the
ratio of their profit after 3 years?
Solution.
Here we will see the effective investment value of
A, B&C respectively.
Effective Investment Value of A
= 10K +15K+15K
40K
EIVofB = 15K +20K+20K
= 55K
ElVofC = 20K +10K+10K
= 40K
So ratio of profit will be
40K: 55K: 40K
= 8:11:8
Example 2.
- rare contains alcohol and water in the ratio
py adding 10 litre of water the ratio becomes
2 116 out the amount of alcohol in the mixture
MADE Eng,
(b) 30
2
@ 0 9.2
Ans. (©) aR
The amount of alcoho!
The amount of water = K
4K 2
By adding water 45 = 4
= K+20
= 0 or K = 10
‘So amount of alcohol = 4 x 10 = 40 litre
Example 3.
‘The present ratio of ages of Ram & Shyam is 5:4
48 years ago the ratio of their ages was 16:11. The
present sum of their ages is
(@) 90years (b) 105 years
(©) 80years (@) 110 years
Ans. (a)
Let the ages be 5K, 4K
5K-18 _ 16
aR=nB i aft om
So sum of the ages = 50 + 40 = 90
Hence option (a)
Example 4.
‘The income of Ram and Shyam are in the ratio 2:3
and their expenditures are in the ratio 3 : 5. feact
saves Rs.1000 then Ram's income is
(@) 8000 (©) 6000
(©) 5000 (@) 4000
‘Ans. (d) j
Let income be 2x, 3x
and expenditure be dy, 5y
Soincome is 4000
Hence option (d)
Qoga
[33] Solved Examples
414. Divide Rs, 800 among A,B, Cand D so that A 2nd
together get thrice as much as C and D togethet 6
Gots four times of what C gets and C gets 1.5 ir
as much as D. Now the value of what B gets's |
(a) 300 (b) 75
0) 18 (@) None of these rr
MADE ERSY © Ratio, Proportion & Variation | 57
Ans. (a) (@) Rs.3000 (b) Rs. 4000
A+B4+C+D=500 (©) Rs. 6000 (d) Rs. 9000
Here A +B = 3 (C +D) ‘Ans.(c)
$04 (C+D) =
2. If 4 examiners can examine a certain number of
answer books in 8 days by working 5 hours a day,
for how many hours a day would 2 examiners have
to work in order to examine twice the number of
answer books in 20 days.
@é6 (o) 7
© 8 (a) 9
Ans. (c)
Man. Day. Hour = constant
=4.8.5= 160
Next — Man. day. hour = 160 x 2 (twice as earlier)
2.20.h= 160 x2
h=8
3. Inamixture of 40 litres, the ratio of milk and water is
4:1. How much water must be added to this mixture
‘so that the ratio of milk and water becomes 2 : 3?
(@) 2Olitres (b) 32litres
(©) 40litres (d) 30litres
Ans. (c)
Let water is x
4x:x= milk : water
32:8 = 4x: x(since total 40 liters)
B22
282s a0iive
ars o"
4. The ratio between two numbers is 3: 4 and their
LOM is 180. The first number is:
@o (b) 45
(© 15 (a)
Ans. (b)
Let number are x and 4x
Six dx = HOF x 180
Clearly HCF will be x.
12s? = x x 180,2= 15
numbers will be 45 : 60
5. The incomes of A and B are in the ratio 3 : 2 and
their expenditures are in the ratio § : 3. If each saves
Rs. 1000, then, A’s income is
Let incomes are 3x: 2x
expenditures are Sy : 3y
then
Ax - Sy = 1000 (1) also
2x By = 1000 (2)
from (1) and (2) we get
Gx 10y = 2000
As income is 6000
|. Divide Rs. 680 among A, B and C such that A gets,
2/3 of what B gets and B gets 1/4th of what C gets.
Now the share of C is?
(@ Rs. 480 (&) Rs. 300
(©) Rs. 420 (A) None of these
Ans. (a)
680 =A+B+C
2 1
= = 40, 4B=
Ac 5B andB= 70, 4B=C
2
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