UNTT1

i
EXERCISE 1
1.are...doing/am tasting/has 2.do...know/is talking/don't recognize/suppose 3.are...whispering/is
sleeping/am trying/is...sleeping/don't think/are J4.are...taking/isn't raining/always take/never rains/never
know 5.works/relies/pays/provides/is building 6.1ook/takes/doesn"t resemble 7.are rising/are even
considering 8.is weighing/is trying 9.weighs/seems/always wears lO.look/don't smell 11.are arriving/is
still wrapping 12.İS listening/a:^ fitting 13.doesnt taste 14.İS getting/is raising 15.feels 16.1ook (are
looking)/hope/am thinking 17.ts feeling 18.are...sniffing/am trvlng/are wearing/smells
19.1ooks/doesn't feel 20.are enduring 21.is seeing 22.do...think/have/see

EXERCISE 2
1.bound 2.arose 3.founded 4.raised 5.1aid 6.grounded 7.risen 8.sawn 9.wound lO.hanged 11.fallen
12.set 13.wounded 14.hung 15-bounded 16.ground 17.1aid 18.1ay/saw 19.raised 20.fell 21.found
22.aroused 23.rose 24.sat 25.arose

EXERCISE 3
l.kept 2.arose 3.crept 4.forgave 5.1ay 6.held 7.forbade (forbid) 8.1aid 9.hid lO.fell ll.dug 12.relt
13.sprang 14.fed 15.slld

EXERCISE 4
1.fought 2.threw 3.rode 4.bound 5.froze 6.bet 7.tore 8.grew 9.bore lO.shed 11.left 12.ate 13.dealt
14.sought 15.wound

EXERCISE 5
1.forecast 2.mislaid 3.flew 4.burst 5.cost 6.drew 7.shook 8.fled 9.broadcast lO.mistook
11.chose 12.ground 13.1it (lighted) 14.bent 15.1ed A

EXERCISE 6
l.rang 2.lost 3.wore 4.hurt 5.hung 6.withdrew 7.shrank 8.shone 9.spun lO.rose 11.forgot 12.bit
13.sold 14.wove 15.undertook

EXERCISE 7
1.climbed 2.saw 3.swore 4.bought 5.played 6.missed 7.slipped 8.felled 9.bled lO.struck
11.sawed 12.swept 13.fell H.attended 15.5 '

EXERCISE 8
1.left/was raining 2.continued/vvas driving 3.arrtved/was still raining 4.was going (went)/saw/was
overtaklng/(was) comlng/stepped/swerved/barely avoided 5.was having/phoned 6.was having/phoned
7.was/had/wore 8.was trying/was playing 9.Jogged/got 10.was Jogging/met 11. saw/stopped/got out
12.saw/was driving 13. were driving/hit H.did...turn/was distracting 15.was taking (took)/burst/had to
16.heard/were coming/knew/had 17.was still hiding/rang/took 18.shot/shook/fcll 19.were sitting
(sat)/announced 20.seemed/told/were leaving/sulked 21.was pouring/spilled 22.were looking

EXERCISE 9
1,hasn't passed 2.followed/didn't believe 3.has spoken/hasn't had 4.started/worried/has made/have
subsided 5.has been/rained G.hasn't got/hasn't started 7.read/was/were/never took/didn't really appreciate
8.have broken 9.met/have forgotten 10.learnt/haven't had 11.have been/were/didn't hear/Just overslept
12.have often dreamt 13.merged/have shown 14.haven't been 15.had/didn't come 16.have seen
17.has done/got/have never met 18.have had/have got/endured/bought 19.opened/have observed/has
almost doubled/has caused 20.has been/were 21.have never tried 22.sold/has ever raised 23.took/have
appeared 24.has beaten/beat 25.has believed / knew/ finished

ELS JI
 EXERCISE 10
l.has been snowing/have...just noticed/have never seen/have seen 2.have been driving/have drive. 3.has
always wanted 4.have been working/have only painted 5.has received 6.has been Working/have already
changed/has been 7.has been leaking/haven't been able to 8.has Just fixed 9.have been suffering
lO.Have...been working 11.have repaired 12.have been killing/has lasted İ3.hav£$hmnk/have only had
H.have been chopping 15.has been learning/hasn't had 16.has offered/^have been expecting 17.have
thought/have been working (have worked) 18.have been revising/haven't even gone 19.Have...been
crying/have been peeling 20.have been running/have gained 21.have been wanting/have resisted 22.have
received/have been considering/have chosen 23.have been considering/has been trying 24.have been
burning/have reached 25.have been drinking/have only had
.EXERCISE 11
1.Have...ever seen/saw/went 2.found/saw/was hiding 3.has been promising/even sent/has happened 4.were
having/moved/have held 5.has been manufacturing/produced/contributed 6.bought/have now driven/has
only ever broken 7.has been laughing/told 8.only put/have already had 9.Have...read/did/was travelling
lO.have left (have been leaving)/has been increasing (has increased) 11.wasn't paying/gave/didn't
realize/got/has been 12.started/has always preterred/had/drove/was loading/pu!led/has been lying
13.won/has become 14.was drinking/announced/told/still had/became 15.have seen/have visited
16.saw/were picnicking/has been begging 17.had/have been working/have just completed 18.paid/have
changed 19.caught/were fishing/has been boasting 20.was talking/came/started/have been talking/has
phoned
EXERCISE 12
1.since 2.for 3.for 4.since 5.for 6.since 7.since 8.since 9.for lO.for 11.for 12.for 13.since 14.since
15.since 16.since 17.for İ8.since 19.since 20.since
EXERCISE 13
1.seems/has stabilized/think/see 2.has sufferedfhas been suffering)/don't understand/falsified (was
falsifyingj/appeared 3.have just linished/Iooks/have been working/haven't had 4.has. ..been ioing/has
been familiarizing/has fully mastered 5.collapsed/were working/called/didn't get 6.was sailing/(was)
drinking/(was) enjoying/don't think/haven't been 7.has always resented/has been getting 8.got/intensified
9.try (are tryingj/clings lO.are > earing/did...buy/have only had 11.don't want/have just washed/is
12.bought/have been feeling/is 13.was sawing/accidentally cut/has been bleeding 14.have just
written/complained/didn't send 15.1ook/Have...changed 16.haven't spoken/hope/aren't worrying
17.didn't know/tastes 18.is giving/Do...feel 19.is talking/have been trying 20.began (was
beginning)/went/had to 21.haven't arrived 22.still have/are attempting 23.Are...still mowing/haven't been
mowing/saw/took/didn't start/explains 24.raise/isn't working/have been driving 25.generally
plays/is/sustained/is still troubling
EXERCISE 14
1.warned/had already got infected 2.took/were/had never been 3.got/opened 4.asked/gave/had never had
5.offered/accepted/considered 6.had/didn't know/started/had studied/improved/ended/had
learnt/helped/passed/once again confirmed (had once again confirmed) 7.saw/was/decided 8.had
closed/got/went 9.had already explained/still wanted lO.had never behaved/decided 1 l.had scarcely
finished/appeared 12.recognlzed/hadn't seen/was 13.hadn't arrived/had to 14.spoke/still hadn't made
15.had got (got)/realized/had lost 16.surprised/refused/didn't know/had given up
EXERCISE 15
l.has only known/has already agreed 2.had announced/had been 3.has only been 4.had never walked
5.had already made up 6.had read 7.had all drowned 8.hasn't acted 9.hadnt acted 10. have given
EXERCISE 16
l.had been driving 2.were travelling 3.was hanging 4.were chatting/was working 5.had been going 6.had
already been taking 7.had been strolling 8.was sewing 9.had been flashing lO.had been making
EXERCISE 17
l.havc been working/have produced 2.had been working/had produced 3.have just arranged/have already
made 4.has been/has been trying 5.had been looking/have been 6.have really been painting 7.had been
counting/had been backing 8.have confirmed 9.had been smoking lO.had removed 11.have Just sold
12.have checked/(have) updated 13.has been working (has worked) 14.have been monitoring/have
announced 15.had been planning/had made
EXERCISE 18
1. split/has been crying 2.was hurrying/tripped/twisted 3.rushed/had just bitten 4. applied /still haven't
heard 5.wears/is wearing/are moving {or wears/wore/moved (were moving)) 6.met/had been
working/saw/hardly recognized 7.is getting/regularly complain/don't seem 8.were operating/were pacing
(operated/paced) 9.have been frowning lO.is going 11.hadn't informed (didn't inform) 12.has only just
arrived/start 13.has been looking/has come 14.did...last hear/haven't heard 15.take/were/saw/were
feeding/were jumping/is taking/wants 16.had just finished/were watching/heard/rushed/found/was/had
broken 17.were entering (entered)/whispered/had felt (had been feeling)/rose/just muttered/sat
18.1ooked/had ever seen/have ever seen 19.dropped (had dropped)/dropped/caused/had witnessed
20.have found/checked/were still testing
EXERCISE 19
1.will..get (are...going to get)/is going to drive 2.will do 3.am going to buy/will get 4.is going to faint
5.will do 6.am going to repair 7.is going to fall (will fall) 8.are going to get/are going to come 9.w111
make lO.wlll have/will do
EXERCISE 20
l.We won't be able to use the cold tap in the kitchen until the plumber replaces (has replaced) the leaky pipe.
2-Once he has got written confirmation of the Job offer in Germany, he's going to book his flight. 3.After
the board has interviewed (interviews) all the candidates, they will announce the results. 4. When she leaves
school, she's going to take a year off to go travelling. 5.You'll have to wash your hands before you eat
dinner. 6.While you're getting some more petrol. Ill quickly go to the supermarket. 7.Thc bus wont leave
until all the passengers have got (get) on board. 8.After he has completed (completes) his apprenticeship,
he's going to set up his own business. 9.While you're washing up (wash up), I'll telephone the cinema to see
what time the film starts. lO.As soon as I come back from holiday. I'll start a diet.
EXERCISE 21
l.will not commence/arrive (have arrived) 2.will close 3.won"t reserve/are 4.will check 5.settles (has
settled)/will take 6.won't be/see 7.will contain/is 8.won't let/come (have come)/only allow 9.familiarizes
(has familiarized)/will be lO.won't be able/check (have checked)
EXERCISE 22
l.will be playing 2.W11I be driving/will be sailing/will be feeling 3.have improved (improve)/will have to
4.will never leam/will be whizzing 5.will see (will be seeing) 6.will drop/don't have (won't have) 7.get
(have got)/wlll provide/will need (need) 8.will be performing S.wlll be working/will be working lO.have
undergone (undergo)/wont bother ll.wont open/have cleaned (clean) 12.won't be able/will be
welcoming/will present (will be presenting)
EXERCISE 23
l.will regret/run out 2.arrives/will have received S.will find/return/will have received 4.will somehow
manage/reach/will have removed 5. will have risen 6.will pretend/asks 7.put/will have saved 8.brings/will
have already gone 9.will adapt 10.will have become 11.announces/will say 12.arrive/will have already
broken
EXERCISE 24
l.will have sold 2.will be driving/will give 3.will...recognize/will be wearing 4.will be waiting/will probably
have gone 5.will experience/will have settled 6.will be/will have been travelling 7.wtll be congratulating
8.will have been working/will have qualified 9.will take/will have been soaking/will have been 10.will
have extinguished 1 l.will be inspecting/will have been digging/will make(wtll be making) 12.will look
EXERCISE 25
1.until 2.by the time 3.until 4.By the time 5.Until 6.until/by the time 7.by the time 8.until 9.By the time
lû.until 11.By the time 12.Until 13.by the time 14.until lö.untıl
X DELS ELS J 3
 EXERCISE 26
l.has Just taken/was/announced/have been/will increase (will be Increasing) 2.were intending (had
intended)/went/had arranged/cut/was doing/tried/put/was playing/are both/usually hurt/are playing/were
sltting/heard/hurried/had happened/had thrown/had hit/was trickling/nearly fainted/saw/took 3.have been/doesn't
know/knew/seem/were wearing/are wearing/is causlngfhas causedjfhas been causing)/wlll face(are going to face)
4.have always been afraid/was/hear/lmmediatelv put/don't know 5.has experlenced/is/wlll experlencefwlll be
experiencing) 6.hadnt been sleeping/went 7.1s going to exchange/will regret (will be regretting/is going to regret)
8.was blazlng/came/took 9.wlll have expanded lO.has tumed/wlll snow(is going to snow) 11.1s losing/will have
lost 12.will be making(will make)/wlll have been sitting (will have sat) 13.1ast looked/had not yet commenced
M.tmmediately rang/reached/were already waiting 15.1s expecUng/am/wlll have had 16.have been hiking/still
have/Join/wlll have been walking 17.store/bottle/has fermented (has been fermenting) lB.wlll not ignorefam not
going to lgnore)/wlll say/treats 19.had only been drlvlng/failed/was coming/had/stopped 20.were talking/don't
think/have seen 21.has had/went/caught/ls suffering/has been coughlng/sounds/wlll getfls going to get) 22.has
recently deslgned/runs/thlnks/wlll be driving
EXERCISE 27
l.has been 2.hasn't rained 3.1s suffering 4.wlll only last (Is only going to last) 5.1s 6.are keeping (keep) 7.are
storing (have been storing/have stored) 8.are using 9.1s lO.faces 1 l.has developed (develops) 12.called 13.said
14.have 15.were lying 16.announced 17.don't see (haven't seen)
EXERCISE 28
l.arrlved (had arrived) 2.was opening (opened) 3.approached 4.asked 5.was lighting (lit) 6.suddenly held
7.overpowered S.tried 9.pushed lO.drove off 11.gave 12.1ost 13.woke up 14.was lying 15.told (were telling)
16.found 17.had been working 18.offered 19.promlsed 20.threatened 21.gave 22.was feeling (felt) 23.Just lay
24.fell 25.happened 26.had been sleeping 27.woke 28.saw 29.W111...excuse 30.don't feel (am not feeling)
EXERCISE 29
0 l.lnvented 2.made (had been making) 3.weren't 4.named 5.inhablted 6.designed 7.comes
8.had gained 9.ceased (had ceased) lO.produces ll.is 12.bears 13.does not burst 14.spends
ID a)resin bjadhesive cjwaterproof djinhabit ejstaggerlng flcease gjdevote hjplant flequivalent JJbear
kjshelf-life Dproviding mjburst njcollectively
IH) l.D 2.E 3.B
IV) 1.equivalent 2.burst 3.waterproof 4.devoted 5. providing
EXERCISE 30
D l.was 2-have burst S.rose 4.stlll stands 5.1s 6.escalated 7.has prompted (has been prompting)
8.has resulted 9.have made 10.actually happens ll.developed (has developed/develops)
12.contlnue (are continuing/have continued) 13.clalms
D) ajvirtually bjuntreatable cjcompanion djescalate ejrelative flobscurity gjprominence bjprompt
Dbroad-ranging JJdramatlc kjheralded Dincidence
m) l.C 2.D 3.A
IV) l.companlon 2.vlrtually S.dramatic 4.prompted 5.relative
EXERCISE 31
D l.has felt 2.was 3.has created 4.has further strengthened 5.also developed 6.has devoted
7.flnished (had finished) S.organized 9.went 10.became(had become) 11.finally took 12.began
13.has visited 14.haa crossed
II) ajintense b)spell (attraction) cjunshakeable djfurther e)solltary fjadolescencc gjpassion hjreptlles
l)amphlbians JJapparently kjlnexhaustlble Qenthuslasm mjstir up
HI) l.C 2.B 3.E
TV) 1.further 2.solltary 3.passion 4.apparently 5.1ntense
EXERCISE 32
D l.have been 2.have been living (have lived) 3.means 4.1lved 5.became 6.lntruded (had intruded)
7.doubted S.had always lived 9.had found 10.1s ll.came 12.had been living (had lived) 13.set
14.were 15.had not encroached 16.stlll exist 17.1ive 18.have succeeded 19.1ive 20.were 21.have
almost eliminated 22. now resemble 23.use
ID ajmass bjisolated cjexistence djlntrude ejterrltory flremote gjancestor hjhemlsphere flapparently
JJmlllennla k)interior Dpreserve mjprlmltive ^interference ojdistinct pjasslmilation qjintermarriage
rjellmlnate sjresemble
IH) l.E 2.B 3.A
TV) 1.distinct 2.resembles 3.asslmllated 4.1nterlor 5.preserve
UNTT2
EXERCISE 1
l . i f l s a t 2.repeating 3.if I switched/switching 4.if I didn't join 5.1ending 6.if 1 borrowed 7.not smoking
8.if I stopped/stopping 9.if I kept lO.if I skipped
EXERCISE 2 (Sample answers)
1.Could you tell me where the post office is?/Would you mind telling me the way to the post office' 7 2.Would you
mind if I used your phone?/Could I possibly use your phone? 3.Would anyone mind if I smoked?/May I smoke?
4.Would you mind if I borrowed that book?/Could 1 possibly borrow that book? 5.Could I/Can 1 open the
window?/Would anyone mind if I opened the window? 6.Could vou possibly give me a hand?/Can you me a hand?
7.Would you mind if I ate my lunch while you explain?/Could I keep eating while you explain? 8.1 wonder if you
could tell me where the bank Is./Would it be possible for you to tell me how to Rinl the bank" 1 9.Would It be okav if
I went on the skiing trip?/Do you think I could go on the skiing trip' 1 10.Would you mind if I drove it a little
first?/Do you think I could drive it around a little first -7
EXERCISE 3
1.needn't/mustn't 2.mustn't 3.mustn't 4.don't have to (don't need to/needn't) 5.needn't (don't have to/don't need to)
6.mustn't 7.don't have to (don't need to/needn't) 8.don't have to (don't need to/needn't) 9.mustn't lO.mustn't
EXERCISE 4
1.don't have to (don't need to/needn't) 2.must (have to) 3.must (have to) 4.had to 5.must (have to) 6.doesn't have to
(doesn't need to/needn't) 7.have to 8.mustn't 9.mustn't 10.doesn't have to 11.don't have to (don't need to/needn't)
12.don't have to 13.must 14.don't have to (don't need to/needn't)/must (have to) 15.mustn't
EXERCISE 5
1.didn't need to buy (didn't have to buy) 2.didn't need to write (didn't have to write) 3.needn t have called 4.needn't
have prepared 5.didn't need to alter (didn't have to alter) 6.needn't have watered 7.didn't need to water (didn't have to
water) 8.didn't need to hire (didn't have to hire) 9.needn't have bought lO.needn't have bought
EXERCISE 6
1.needn't 2.shouldn't 3.shouldn't 4.needn't/shouldn't 5.needn't 6.needn't 7.shouldn't 8.needn't 9.shouldn't
lO.shouldn't
EXERCISE 7
1.should have tried 2.shouldn't discriminate/should treat 3.should be revising 4.shouldn't have scolded
5.shouIdn't have been talking 6.should be driving 7.shouldn't expect 8.should let 9.shouldn't have bought
lO.should have been wearing ll.should be writing 12.shouldn't settle/should bargain 13.shouldn't have been
driving 14.should have left 15.should have visited/shouldn't have been going
EXERCISE 8
l.You're supposed to read the Instructions first. 2.You were supposed to read the instructions first. 3.You were
supposed to come straight home./You weren't supposed to go to the cinema. 4.You aren't supposed to wear (to be
wearing) make-up in school. 5.You were supposed to shut the windows. 6.You were supposed to phone me./You
weren't supposed to leave work without phoning me. 7.You aren't supposed to smoke here. 8.Yoti aren't supposed to
feed (to be feeding) the animals. 9.You weren't supposed to make any noise. 10.You weren't supposed to take it
without eating something first./You were supposed to eat something before taking it.
EXERCISE 9
1.could swim 2.was able to 3.could 4.were able to 5.could 6.was able to 7.were able to 8.could hear 9.could
go 10.were able to
4 GELS ELS J 5
 EXERCISE 10
l.wlll be able to walk/is already able to take (can already take) 2.hasn't been able to walk 3.was able to stop 4.had
never been able to form 5.can have 6.was able to avert 7.can't find (isn't able to find)/won't be able to go 8.has been
able to concentrate 9.won't be able to make/won't be able to attend lO.can speak 11.were able to restore 12.were
able to free 13.can play M.couldn't afford/was able to buy 15.was able to get
EXERCISE 11
l.must live 2.must be getting 3.must have been driving 4.must be flying 5.must not have been watering (must not
have watered) 6.must have been sailing 7.must have told 8.must be snowing 9.must have been playing lO.must
have 11.must be 12.must have happened 13.must have been expecting (must have expected) 14.must not have
been expecting (must not have expected) 15.must be approaching
EXERCISE 12
l.can't have broken 2.must be quarreling/might (may) get/may (might/could) adapt 3.must not have believed (must
not believe) 4.must not want (must not have wanted) 5.could (may/might)...have done/must have set 6.must be/must
be 7.must have failed/can't have failed/must not have got/must be 8.cant have forgotten 9.must be sleeping/can't be
sleeping/must not have returned lO.may (might/could) have been/couldn't (can't) have been/may (might/could) have
called (or may (might/could) have been calling) ll.must be coming 12.may (might/could) be/can't be/must be
13.sh.ould (ought to) be able to 14.Could...be 15.may (might/could) get ( or may (might/could) be getting)/may
(might/could) award (or may (might/could) be awarding) 16.may (might/could) be freezing 17.should (ought to)
withstand 18.should (ought to) sell
EXERCISE 13
l.have 2.be doing/be sleeping 3.not answer 4.not have raised 5.gave 6.hadn't asked 7.not have taken 8.didnt tease
9.hadn't mentioned lO.do (be doing)/walking (walk)
EXERCISE 14
1.He used to attend... 2.No change 3.No change 4.1n the past, women didn't use to have... 5.There used to be a
boy...who always used to laugh whenever he used to get... 6.No change 7.Many years ago there used to be a small
cotton mill...it had to close down. 8.No change 9.1n the days of the wild frontier, spurs on boots used to serve...
lO.Children used to work ... until trade associations forced change.
UNTT3
EXERCISE 1
Lis being mown 2.1s mown 3.was mown 4.was being mown 5.has been mown 6.had been mown 7.will be mown 8.1s
going to be mown 9.will have been mown
EXERCISE 2
l.are going to be planted by local people next weekend 2.was interviewed by the manager 3.will be explained by the
vice-president at the meeting tomorrow 4.was being guarded by some soldiers 5.was crossed by Nils Nordenskjöld. a
Swede. In a ship called the Vega 6.has not been approved for sale by the Pood and Drug Administration/has already
been tested on human volunteers by scientists 7.were destroyed by the rainstorm last week 8.are effectively cured by
the antibiotic penicillin 9.is looked after by volunteers lO.wlll have been provided with books by the school by the
end of the week 11.1s still left around the campsite by the campers 12.have been searched by the customs
officers/will be passed 13.had not been stolen by grave robbers 14.1s being plagued by a teenage gang 15.will be
paid compensation by the council
EXERCISE 3
l.are exposed to extreme cold 2.1s provided with a pair of shoes by a private fund every year 3.was being vandalized by
some youths 4.1s being Increased by 25 percent 5.was written by George Eliot 6.was sent special delivery 7.was loved
by people across the globe 8.has been taken/will be brought 9. had n't yet been received 10. has been loaded onto the
plane 11.Is watched by everyone 12.have been destroyed since the beginning of the riots 13.had been beaten by
Smith three times before in the 100-metre race 14.hadn't been agreed to/hadn't been rejected 15.will have been
collected/is drawn
EXERCISE 4
l.Is that dictionary being used? 2.Which machines are being inspected today? 3.Ho\v many species of monkey are
kept here? 4.Has our rubbish been collected? 5.Who was interviewed by the manager yesterday? 6.By whom were
the applicants interviewed yesterday? (Who/whom were the applicants interviewed by yesterday?) 7.What has been
agreed upon? 8.1s all the fruit going to be gathered today? 9.What is going to be done? lO.By whom is your
translation work done? (Who/whom is your translation work done by?) 11.Who was influenced by Sally at the
meeting0 12.By whom was Sally's decision influenced at the meeting? (Who/whom was Sallys decision influenced
by at the meeting^) 13.Are the windows cleaned regularly? 14.How much wheat is produced annually in this region''
15.Has the crossword been done yet?
EXERCISE 5
1. "I wish that In one Instant you could be told of my safe arrival, but... 2.This sentence was written by Samuel Morse
in a letter to his mother In 1811. when he was 20. 3.No change 4.No change {Cümle passive yapılabilir ama anlam
doğal olma/.) 5.However, he was allowed to go to London to study art in 1811. after his work was praised by Gilbert
Stuart. 6.When Samuel returned in 1815. he found that Americans were not Interested in buying paintings. 7.He
realized that very little money could be earned from painting portraits. 8.Morse was inspired to invent the telegraph
by a chance conversation while he... 9.He was told by a fellow passenger about European experiments in
electromagnetism. lO.Morse remarked. "If the presence of electricity can be made visible in any part of the circuit, I
see no reason why intelligence cannot be transmitted by electricity." 11.No change 12.No change 13.Thus, years of
work and study were required for him to perfect his device. 14.His determination was greatly admired. 15.He was
given practical help by the industrialist Alfred Vail. the physicist Joseph Henry, and others. 16.1n 1837 a patent was
applied for on The American Electromagnetic Telegraph. 17....for his Invention but was met with failure there as at
home 18.Finally. in 1843. $30.000 was appropriated by the United States Congress in order to build a line... 19.ln May
1844. the first message was flashed over this wire. 20.No change 21.Use was quickly found for the telegraph by
newspapers, railroads, and businesses. 22.After the Western Union had been founded in 1856, wires were soon strung
from coast to coast. 23.The problem had been worked on by other men of science, but Morse's invention was the
basis of the land telegraph system. 24.The code of dots and dashes used in sending messages is still known as Morse
code, in honour of Its Inventor. 25.When Morse died in 1872. on April 2. public memorials were held across the
nation.
EXERCISE 6
l.For more than 4000 years, this sensuous cloth has been created by weavers from the strand of a mere worm and it has
reigned supreme as the queen of fabrics. 2.No change 3.In the sixth century. according to legend, a supply of
silkworms was brought back to the emperor Justinian by two monks. 4.Silk cloth has been made Into many items, such
as clothing, tapestries, and accessories. 5.Traditlonally. part of a Chinese woman's marriage dowry was formed by silk
items, such as bedcovers. 6.Much-needed work is still provided by silk production in several poor but labour-rich
countries. 7.Silkworms are raised by more than 10 million farmers in China today. 8.About half a million workers are
employed by(in) silk fabric production. 9.No chance lO.Silkworms are still fed by the Empress of Japan on the palace
grounds each spring. 11.Silk-making lessons are sponsored by the Queen of Thailand In her palace. 12.Silk Is even
used for certain components of tennis-racket strings, fly fishing lines, parachutes, and bicycle tires. 13.Silk has been
used by surgeons to save lives, as wounds are easily stitched by the fine thread. 14.A silk kite was used by Benjamin
Franklin during his famous experiments with electricity. 15.No change 16.Silk fibres are triangular, and so light is
reflected by them. 17.A pearly sheen Is built up by layers of protein, making silk a luxurious. sensuous fabric. 18.1ts
feel, its look, and even its smell are rejoiced in by designers. 19."Bombyx mort". the most commonly cultivated
silkworm, is raised domestically by farmers, but onlv where there are mulberry leaves. 20.No change 21.A tougher,
rougher silk is produced by wild silkworms because they are more robust than their domesticated cousins. 22.Silk is
also produced In Japan... 23.Though production techniques have been mechanized by the Japanese, many tasks are done
by hand in other countries. 24.In India, the whole family is involved in the craft of silk-making. 25.An unceasing
trade from East to West has always been encouraged by the West's hunger for silk. 26.Two powerful civilizations -Rome
and China - were linked by the silk trade route... 27.Although silk is widely available today, mainly the rich and famous
are adorned by silk gowns
6 J ELS ELS J 7
 EXERCISE 7
l.wlll be awarded a scholarship this year /will be awarded to ten students this year 2. were handed a menu/was
handed to us 3. was sent someone else's bill/was sent to him 4.are served to the passengers/are served light
refreshments 5.1s going to be sent to us/are going to be sent a catalogue 6.were provided for the victims of the
earthquake/were provided (with) tents 7.will be told the decision/will be told to you S.were sold burglar
alarms/were sold to old people
EXERCISE 8
l.was reported/occurred/was covered/arrived/had already frozenfhad already been frozen)/were rescuedfhave
been rescued) 2.are mined/are found 3.has been rehearsed/will (is going to) be performed 4. was
thought/disappointed 5.has been discovered/Is being cut down/fear/will be made 6.fell/led/were made/were
killed/died/had not been built(were not built) 7.were rescued/hit(had hit) 8.has been shown 9.was
whispered/had whispered 10.1s exposed 11.1s
held/starts/lasts/walk/run/ls allowed/Is referred (has been referred) 12.have just been given/have dialled
13.had been discarded(were discarded)/leaked/caused/has since been declared 14.Has...been told 15.WU1
(Can)...tell
EXERCISE 9
l.be encouraged 2.dlstinguish 3.have been repaired 4.speak/be translated 5.be sold 6.have been damaged (be
damaged)/be seen 7.be worn 8.flnd/have been thrown 9.be made/be washed 10.be relied/have taken
ll.receive 12.be leamed/be picked 13.be sent 14.send(be sending) 15.be taken
EXERCISE 10
l.ls locked 2.was locked 3.1s situated 4.is creased 5.was blocked 6.wasn"t interested 7.am exhausted 8.were
worried 9.was dressed 10.1s dented 1 l.was...crowded 12.isn't insured 13.was annoyed 14.1s
decorated/are all covered 15.are still damaged
EXERCISE 11
l.from 2.of 3. with 4.to 5. with/at (about) 6.from 7.of 8.to(wfth) 9. with lO.to 11.to 12. with 13.with
14.for 15.agalnst 16.with 17.with 18.for 19.on 20.to/in (with)
EXERCISE 12
l.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.E 6.A 7.D 8.E 9.B 10.E ll.D 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C
21.C 22.B 23.B 24.E 25.D
EXERCISE 13
l.wlll get lost 2.got delayed 3.get depressed 4.am getting concerned 5.gets confused 6.often get Involved 7.was
getting dressed 8.will get promoted 9.always gets encouraged lO.got damaged 11.gets embarrassed 12.got
tired 13.will get better acquainted 14.are both getting excited 15.are getting divorced
EXERCISE 14
l.B 2.C &D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.E ll.E 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.C
EXERCISE 15
1. couldn't have been saved/anyone 2.Nothlng could be done 3.hasn't been opened/anyone 4.couldn"t be
deciphered/anyone/nothing could be found out 5.couldn't be dissuaded from handing in his resignation/any
6.Nothing should be left unattended 7.been told nothing/been told anything 8.Nothlng can be achieved 9.hasn't
been lived 10. Nothing has been done yet
EXERCISE 16
1.likes being gtven 2.want/to be pulled down 3.hate being cheated 4.expects/to be handed/are expected to hand
5.are not authorized to be signed/is authorized to sign company cheques 6.would prefer her to be accompanied
7.disllke being Interrupted 8.need to be produced 9.1s not permitted to be taken lO.asked the company to be
considered
EXERCISE 17
Lis believed that the whale possesses/is believed to possess 2.was believed by people long ago that supernatural
spirits controlled/were believed by people long ago to control 3.was understood that the two men had been
helped/were understood to have been helped 4.fs supposed that he has left/Is supposed to have left 5.1s assumed
that he is living/is assumed to be living 6.was alleged that he had made/was alleged to have made 7.1s estimated that
he lost/is estimated to have lost 8.was observed that the firemen were having/were observed to be having 9.is
assumed that the couple were arguing/are assumed to have been arguing lO.is reported that five thousand homes
were destroyed/are reported to have been destroyed 11.1s» expected that the company will sell/is expected to sell
12.is acknowledged by critics that his latest book is/is acknowledged by critics to be 13.is said that he was/Is said to
have been 14.was known that he was/was known to be
EXERCISE 18
a) l.was born 2.was 3.became 4.was spent 5.seldom saw 6.\vas brought 7.1oved 8.gave (had given) 9.became
lO.accompanied 11.had 12.was done 13.met 14.reasoned 15.be made 16.had anticipated 17.had permitted
18.were being built 19.decided 20.were made 21.became 22.led 23.was never defeated 24.was killed 25.was
stabbed
a) l.C 2.E 3.B
EXERCISE 19
a) l.ls generally acknowledged 2.were based (are based) 3.ventured (were venturinc) 4.is believed
5.reached 6.were not nailed 7.were stitched 8.was made 9.decided lO.agreed 11.covered
12.supplied 13.was built 14.was shaped (had been shaped) 15.\vere drilled (had been drilled) 16.were used (had
been used) 17.was brought (had been brought) 18.was made (had been made) 19.was named 20.was launched
21.gathered 22.travelled 23.set 24.came 25.was loaded 26.were sailing 27.had given (gave) 28.continued
29.arrived 30.had covered
b) l.E 2.E 3.C
EXERCISE 20
a) Lis 2.starts 3.1s characterized 4.display 5.began 6.displayed 7.was 8.is 9.\vas known lO.clecided
11.could be done 12.began 13.means (meant) 14.was done 15.was then working 16.compleled 17.won
18.became 19.had previously been thought (was previously thought) 20.was granted 21.further developed 22.has
frequently been attributed
a) l.C 2.A 3.D
EXERCISE 21
a) Lis situated 2.was built 3.was completed (had been completed) 4.became 5.were built 6.served 7.began
8.saw (had seen) 9.was outraged 10.was thrown ll.hired 12.had designed 13.built (had built) 14.were cleared
15.started (was started) 16.were Involved 17.was completed (had been completed) 18.could accommodate
19.was completed 20.were renovated 21.had been damaged (were damaged) 22.were restored 23.1s visited
24.are onlv admitted 25.serve
a) l.D 2.B 3.C
EXERCISE 22
a) l.have been 2.was devoted 3.won 4.was born 5.gave 6.managed 7.began 8.grew 9.visited
10.was given 11.preferred 12.was encouraged (had been encouraged) 13.believed 14.were accepted 15.awarded
16.marked 17.received 18.was even made 19.had been awarded 20.undertook 21.is considered 22.1s now
displayed 23.are depicted 24.had ever been painted
b) l.E 2.A 3.D
UNTT4
EXERCISE 1
l.brings/can play 2.brought/could play 3.had brought/could have played 4.give/won't resign 5.gave/wouldn't resign
6.had given/wouldn't have resigned 7.could have avoided/hadn't been driving 8.were/wouldn't be 9.wouIdn't
contribute/didn't consider lO.require/will contact ll.wouldn't be leaving (wouldn't leave)/liked 12.had found/wouldn't
have sufTcred 13.would have to/were 14.had leamt/would have made 15.ls/will leave
8 3 ELS ELS J 9
 EXERCISE 2
l.don't like/won't Invite/won't invite/don't like 2.dtcd/wasn't taken to the hospital immediately/wasn't taken to
the hospital immediately/died 3.didn't give/couldn't find/didn't give/couldn't find 4.aren't taking/Is 5.was
talking/wasn't able tn understand 6.may (might) succeed/will be 7.am lylng/ls really hurting 8. told/swam 9.am
trying/can afford lO.can't ring/don't know
EXERCISE 3
l.see/wlll ask 2.wouldnt have failed/had worked 3.wouldn't have had/had been driving 4.would make/weren't
5.would attend/didn't work (wasn't working) 6.had Joined/wouldn't have got 7. were/wouldn't spend S.doesn't
Improve/will have to 9.would like/had lO.would have enjoyed /had had ll.would like/had 12.hadnt resisted/might
not have killed 13.hadn't chosen/would have been sitting/might have been injured 14.don't have/can do
15.were/would be
EXERCISE 4
l.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.E 10.A ll.B 12.B 13.E 14.D 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.E 19.C 20.D
21.A 22.D 23.C 24.E 25.A 26.E 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.E
EXERCISE 5
l.You will never get fit unless you exercise regularly. 2.Unless you know what you're talking about. you'd better keep
quiet. 3.Unless you change your attitude. I'll stop being friends with you. 4.The angry mother warned her children
that unless they ate their green beans, they wouldn't be getting any dessert. 5.She couldn't have got the lead role
unless she had impressed the Judges. 6.Don't interrupt me while I'm working unless it is absolutely necessary.
EXERCISE 6
l.She will take a postgraduate course at university even if she doesn't get a scholarship. 2.He didn't write to me. but
even if he had, I wouldn't have made an effort to get In touch. 3.We have to pay the rent today even if it leaves us
short of cash. 4.Even If they are unable to come to the party, we should still Invite them. 5.They didn't offer him a
company car. but even if they had. he would still have quit. 6.Even if you apologize a thousand times, he will never
forgive you.
EXERCISE 7
l.lf 2.unless 3.1f 4.1f 5.unless 6.lf 7.unless 8.lf 9.unless lO.unless
EXERCISE 8
l.in case 2.ln case 3.if 4.1n case 5.1f 6.1f 7.1n case 8.1f 9.lf lO.ln case
EXERCISE 9
l.I wouldn't have to attend tomorrow's meeting if I'd attended the one last week. 2.1f he wasn't so unpopular with his
colleagues, he'd have been Invited on the trip to Cappadocla. 3.1f they'd treated the waste properly, the North Sea
wouldn't be so heavily polluted now. 4.lf you'd thought about your decision carefully, you wouldn't be regretting it
now. 5.1f he didn't make so many silly mistakes, he'd have been given the promotion he wanted. 6.1f we'd taken the
meat out of the freezer before leaving for work, we could have steak for dinner. 7.1f my father hadn't worked so hard
all his life, he wouldn't be able to afford a pleasant retirement now. 8.1f he had any taste, he wouldn't have worn a
yellow shirt and a purple tie to the Interview. 9.1f the buyer for our house hadn't changed his mind. we wouldn't still
be living here. lO.If she'd let anyone discourage her. she wouldn't be successful now.
EXERCISE 10
1. You handed your project In late, and now the teacher is deducting five percent from your grade. 2.Elephants are an
endangered species because so many of them have been killed for their ivory tusks. 3.He's not a bit reasonable like his
father, so he caused the firm to become Insolvent. 4.1 didn't study hard for the exam, and now it seems very difficult
to me. 5.You are reprimanding (reprimand) your daughter for her faults all the time, so she didn't develop (hasn't
developed) a close relationship with you. 6.Local people campaigned for two years, and now cyclists are able to use
this separate cycle path. 7.The winter snow hasn't thawed completely, so we can't take a different route down Into the
valley. 8.You didn't allow your sister to use your computer, and now she's sulking in her room. 9.Because they gave
him encouragement and opportunities, their son made rapid progress. 10.We can't take a walk along the coast because
the wind Is blowing very strongly.
EXERCISE 11
l.Were 1 him. I wouldn't spend so much on one thing. 2.Were the weather not so cold today, we would spend the day
outside. 3.Had the skiers not ignored the clearly posted avalanche warning signs, seven members of the group would
still be alive. 4.Were it not really important for him. I wouldn't swap shifts with Jamie. 5.Were the railway
authorities to improve the conditions on long distance trains, more people would travel on them. 6.Should you not
follow your doctor's orders, you may face unpleasant side effects. 7.Were they more interested in their children's
achievements, trie chlidren would try harder. 8.Should you want any alterations to the advertisement, please contact
us before the end of the week. 9.Had the ancestors of the '—D nations not fought, there wouldn't be such passionate
hostility today between the Turks and the Greeks. 10.Had the boy scouts been given proper supervision, the accident
wouldn't have happened. 1 l.Were he to take his work more seriously, his staff might do the same. 12.Had I known
that you were in the hospital last week. I would have visited you.
EXERCISE 12
1.would be 2.would have hit 3.would visit 4.hadn't won 5.would have completed/wouldn't be running 6.would have
gone/didn't have 7.don't make 8.hadn't been bombed 9.would have refused 10.finish/can leave 11.must
be/wouldn't attract (wouldn't be attracting) 12.wouldn't be/had been defeated 13.were led/would have 14.wouldn't
be considering (wouldn't consider) 15.could have played 16.Had...known/wouldn't have offered 17.(Should...need
18. would...do/broke
EXERCISE 13
1.could have been/would have really enjoyed 2.weren't 3.hadn't taken (wouldn't take) 4.would stop 5.were/would
end 6.were (was) sittingfwas sitting)/drinking/vvatching 7.had telephoned 8.had brought 9.would
stop/would...like/pulled lO.hadn't interrupted (hadn't been interrupting) 11.could have seen 12.had 13.hadn't
rejected 14.didn't contain 15.were/could be 16.were (was) coming 17.were set (had been set) 18.would stop
EXERCISE 14
l.are baking 2.W111 be (is going to be) 3.had happened (has happened) 4.is going to snow 5.were snowing 6.had
been hit 7.didn't believe 8.were/had (have) 9.were lO.had climbed 11.did (has done/had done) 12.are 13.had
been punched 14.had marched (had been marching) 15.will not have completed 16.had been chosen
UNTT5
EXERCISE 1
l.what the purpose of his visit Is 2.where I left my keys 3.how long you have been learning English 4.how she knows
my address 5.Why they chose him as the new chairman 6.What they are talking about 7.what can be done in this
situation 8.what you can do in this situation 9,how many people have come to the party so far 10.Who helped him to
escape from Jail 11.who she went on holiday with 12.when we will be able to pick up our tickets 13. whom the
police interviewed about the incident 14.whose signature this is 15.where the customer file could be 16.how he
copes with so many children in the class 17.how long this has been going on 18.how long it took her to knit this
cardigan 19.When they will move Into their new house 20.whose jacket you are wearing
EXERCISE 2
2.How much deposit do they requlre?/how much deposit they require 3.How long is the longest ski
run?/how long the longest ski run is 4.What is temperature measured with?/what temperature is
measured with 5.How much was raised at the school fund-raiser?/How much was raised at the
school fund-raiser 6.How often does Alice come to the office?/how often Alice comes to the office
7.How did you ge» my phone number?/how you got my phone number 8.Where did thev suddenly
run off to?/whe 1 !'ey suddenly ran ofT to 9.How long did their holiday last?/how long their holiday
lasted 10.Who I !>e man standing behind our literature teacher?/who the man standing behind
our literature te.. icr is 11.Whose father is the man talking to the teacher?/whose father the man
talking to the tea< r is 12.Whom(Who) did she go to the party with?/whom (who) she went to the
party with 13.Wh ' are the foreign representatives going to do after the meetings/what the foreign
representatives are t/Mng to do after the meeting 14.When is their golden wedding anniversary
party?/when their gulden wedding anniversary party is 15.Which sweater did she end up
buytng?/whlch sweater she ended up buying 16.How many people does she have to look after apart
from her son?/how many people she has to look after apart from her son 17.How tall is that .. "
building?/how tall that building is 18.By whom was "King Lear" written? (Who/Whom was "King
Lear" written by?)/whom (who) "King Lear" was written by 19.Which one is the best of all?/whidv' '
one is the best of all 20.Whose fault was it that the project wasn't prepared in time?/whose fault it
!
was that the project wasn't prepared In time
10 3EL» ELS J 11
 EXERCISE 3
l.Whether (or not) they can explore the whole universe someday (or not) 2.whether (or not) he Is enjoying his new
Job (or not) 3.lf (whether) the shop can deliver the sofa by Friday (or not) 4.if (whether) It gets very cold there In
the winter (or not) 5.Whether (or not) they are going to accept the offer on the house (or not) 6.1f (whether) they
were given enough time to complete the project (or not) 7.Whethcr (or not) he got the promotion (or not) 8.whether
(or not) they should apply a long time in advance (or not) 9.whether (or not) he is going to request a transfer (or not)
10.Whether (or not) she spoke to the manager today (or not)
EXERCISE 4
l.what they were doing In the warehouse 2.if (whether) the invitations have been sent out yet 3.whlch hospital they
have taken the injured boy to 4. How many children the school has in each class 5.Why he left the company 6.if
(whether) the film version of the book will be successful 7.Whether (or not) he has made up his mind about his major
at university 8.who/whom Veronica married 9.1f (whether) Sarah was at work today lO.What they were talking
about ll.which car they bought In the end 12.tr (whether) he has a valid excuse for not coming to work yesterday
13.where she picked up such silly Ideas 14.tf (whether) this could be the end of their relationship 15.How much
money Richard has made with his new business
EXERCISE 5
l.How 2.What 3.How much 4.What on earth (What in the world) 5.How 6.What 7.How much 8.When on earth
(When in the world) 9.How on earth (How in the world) lO.How ll.Who on earth (Who in the world) 12.Where
on earth (Where in the world) 13.What 14.Why on earth (Why in the world) 15.How much
EXERCISE 6
l.whoever 2.whomever (whoever) 3.whichever 4.whatever 5.Whoever 6.whlchever 7.however 8.whenever
9.wherever 10.whenever ll.wherever 12.whichever 13.Whomever (Whoever) M.However 15.Whatever
EXERCISE 7
l.E 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.E 9.A 10.C
EXERCISE 8
l.(that) she had got his letter Just as she was getting (had been getting) ready to phone him 2.he didn't have a clue
what he was talking about 3.she was bored and there was nothing on TV 4.(that) future generations must find
alternatives to fossil fuels 5.he had stayed in Saudi Arabia for three years, so he could speak Arabic fluently 6.the
incident hasn't been reported properly by the newspapers 7.she had left Turkey two years before S.she had paid a
fortune for that blouse and it had faded after Just one wash 9.she had forgotten to pick up his suit from the dry-
cleaner's lO.(that) she Is having a very enjoyable time there 11.(that) he might be a bit late for the meeting the next
day 12.(that) we had to (must/would have to) start right away if we wanted to complete our term papers In time
13.they would probably go to the beach this week 14.(that) she was going to help her mother that night 15.(that) it
must be very difficult to live in a cold climate 16.he wanted to view the house for sale In Castle Road 17.they
expected that house to sell very quickly 18.in that case, he had to (would have to/must) view It that day If that was
possible 19.he could view it the following day because the owner would have brought them the keys by then 20.he
would meet him outside the property with the keys at 9 a.m. If that was convenient for him
EXERCISE 9
l.if/whether I had seen my teacher the day before 2.if/whether she might use our telephone 3.1f/whether it was raining
(had been raining) heavily when she had left for work 4.how many rolls I would like 5.lf/whether he had found the
book he had been looking for 6.who Is responsible for organizing the meeting 7.1f/whether she had a good recipe for
chocolate cake B.how long Mrs. Evans had been waiting for a reply 9.who the woman standing behind me was
lO.when I had last checked the oil in my car ll.why his wife had abandoned him 12.1f/whether you are experiencing
any pain 13.1f/whether he could tell him how much it cost 14.whtch charities are helping with the relief effort
15.how much longer they were going to produce cars at a loss
EXERCISE 10
l.to wait there until I came back 2.to wash his hands before he sat at the table 3.to put their toys awny after they had
finished playing with them 4.not to accept the job if I considered it to be unprofitable 5.not to make too much
noise while the baby was sleeping 6.to take pood care of myself while 1 was away 7.to find myself a better job 8.to
wear sunglasses if the sun was really strong 9.not to leave with the rest of the class/to stay t» hind lO.not to \vorry/
(to) be happy 11.to look in his rear view mirror before pulling out 12. to put all our litter in the bins 13.not to
worry about making grammar mistakes during open discussions 14.not to expect drivers to stop at pedestrian
crossings in Rome 15.to empty the contents into a cup. (to) add water, and (to) stir well
EXERCISE 11
1.shouted/to stop talking/said that we had to show some respect for our fellow classmates 2.asked/if (whether) I
could post that letter/he wanted her to receive it by the weekend 3.told/that they would provide some drawing
mater1als/(that) it was better to take our own 4.told/(that) the queue was too long/they would have sold out of tickets
before we got to the counter 5.told/not to look up lots of words/(to) try to guess the meaning from the context
6.asked/why she thought his plant was dying/if (whether) it needed more water 7.told/(that) my hair looked
lovely/asked/where I had got it done 8.warned/not to walk about after dark/it was dangerous around the city
9.told/to be quiet/asked/what they were talking about anyway 10.told/not to stick their fingers in the cages/the birds
sometimes pecked people's fingers ll.told/(that) he didn't have enough cash with him/asked/tf (whether) they
accepted credit cards 12.told/not to withdraw too much money from our bank account/we wouldn't be paid for
another couple of weeks 13.asked/if (whether) I was sure my information was accurate/said/she had never heard of
such nonsense 14.asked/what he thought the problem with the car was/if (whether) it needed a service 15.said/that
pen wasn't hers/that she thought it was Alice's
EXERCISE 12 {note: "neither"yerine "nor" da kullanabilirsiniz)
1.neither is 2.neither was 3.hadn't either 4.so have 5.does too 6.neither did 7.hasn't either 8.so would 9.has either
lO.so should 11.do too 12.so does 13.didn't either 14.neither must 15.may too 16.won't either 17.neither
could 18.neither is 19.can too 20.so should
EXERCISE 13
l.I think so 2.I'm afraid not 3.1 hope not 4.I'm afraid so 5.1 expect not (I don't expect so) appears so 7.1
think so 8.1 expect so 9.1 suppose so 10.1 don't think so 11.I'm afraid so doesn't appear so 13.lt seems
so 14.1 think so 15.1'm afraid not
EXERCISE 14
1.doesn't it 2.w11I you 3.shall we 4.have you 5.do they 6.haven't you 7.do they 8.mustn't there 9.mustn't it lO.can
you (or would they) 1 Lean she 12.must you 13.did they 14.was it 15.didn't there 16.wasn't she 17.does she
18.have they 19.will you 20.wouldn't he
EXERCISE 15
l.C 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.D 6.E 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D
UNTT6
EXERCISE 1 (sample answers)
1.Buying second-hand clothes 2.Working night shifts 3.Crawling 4.Trying to change her mind
5.Leaming about different cultures 6.Reading in dim light ■
EXERCISE 2 {sample answers)
a) 1.sitting outside in the sun reading a book 2.maintaining education standards at a high 1e%-el 3.having to
leam to live without much peace and quiet 4.1earning the language and culture
a) 5.1camfng to think in English rather than in their own language 6.1earning to play several musical
instruments 7.preserv1ng traditional Turkish culture against American cultural influence 8.never really having
any privacy
a)

b) IS Q ELS J 13
ELS
 EXERCISE 3
l.of/selling 2.about/charging 3.wlth/improv1ng 4.to/hunting 5. from/Investing 6.of/belng 7.of/having/on/golng
8.on/wearing 9.against (about)/skllng lO.to/using 11.to/closing 12.about/leaving/on/packtng 13.about/looking
14.in/meditating 15.to/seeing 16.about/not participating 17.on (uponl/demonstrating 18.to/helpine
19.from/enterlng 20.about/not being 21.for/rescuing 22.for/committing 23.from/attemptlng 24.hom/completlng
25.from/maklng
EXERCISE 4
l.of/coming 2.to/flying 3.about/travelling 4.of/flying 5.to/cooklng 6. with/listening 7.from (than)/taking 8.in
(about)/helping 9.of/maklng lO.of/being ll.for (to)/cultivating 12.for/studying 13.for/convincing 14.for/showing
15.at/speaking 16.about/plcking 17.about/shouting 18.about/working/about/loslng 19.about/vlsiting
20.for/monltoring 21.about (for)/not sending/at/dancing 22.of/neglecting/to/allowing 23.from/cycling 24.of/saving
25.of/snoring
EXERCISE 5
l.of/moving 2.of/speaking 3iof/watchlng 4.of/paxking 5.for/shouting 6.of/colIapsing 7.to/working/of/providlng
8.for/giving 9.for/openlng/of/working lO.of/spending 11.of/offering 12. for/growing 13.of/havlng 14.in/getting
15.of/catchlng
EXERCISE 6
l.By eating some fruit 2.By gliding on currents of air and resting from time to time 3.By not spending anything on
luxury Items 4.By throwing him a rope from a helicopter 5.By burying Itself In the sand
EXERCISE 7
l.Try to do this without looking up any words in the dictionary 2.You shouldn't ski in sunny weather without wearing
sunglasses 3.He lied to his friends without thinking of the consequences 4.The doctor worked 15 hours without taking
a break 5.My brother rides his bike without holding onto the handlebars
EXERCISE 8
1.rehearsing 2.wlth her homework 3.with their shopping 4.wtth the restorations 5.showing
EXERCISE 9
1.to/being treated/of/putting 2.from/taking 3.belng given (having been given) 4.belng hit 5.being told 6.being
promoted (having been promoted) 7.of/having been Involved (being lnvolvedj/stealing 8.1n/organizlng 9.about/not
being paid (not having been paid) lO.of/lnvtting (having Invited) 11.being read 12.being (having been) encouraged
13.being exposed 14.of/runnlng 15.on/being transferred 16.of/transferring 17.of/letting 18.having been trained
19.gazlng 20.putting/of/sa\ring 21.selling 22.being involved (having been Involved) 23.changlng 24.about/not being
invited (not having been invtted)/to/being lied (having been lied) 25.of/lifting
EXERCISE 10
l.was a great surprise for him to be picked for the national team 2.will be wonderful to have a few days off next
week 3.1s unwise to get into the habit of borrowing money 4.can do more harm than good to overexert yourself
when exercising 5.takes time and effort to produce something worthwhile
EXERCISE 11
l.for you to have a full medical check-up 2.of him to go fishing on the lake in thick fog 3.for you to buy holiday
insurance for your trip to Egypt 4.for her to use a computer to correspond with her brother in Australia 5.of me to lie
in the sun for an hour without any protection 6.of the director to reprimand the manager in front of all the »taff 7.for
the weather to be awful In May 8.of him not to inform anyone about where he was going mountain-climbing on his
own 9.ol her not to offer to help us lO.for them to receive death threats
EXERCISE 12 [sample answers)
l.is to write, play and record music 2.should be to help those who need help as much as I can. and to treat others always
with respect 3.1s to obtain a doctorate degree and teach English and American literature 4.not to do very much at all but
relax 5.to help his patients as much and in as humane a way as he/she can 6.1s to acquire good study and work habits
and to try and do the best that I can
EXERCISE 13
l.to do 2.doing 3.to do 4.to do 5.doing 6.doing 7.to do 8.doing 9.doing lO.doing 11.doing 12.to do 13.to do
14.to do 15.to do 16.doing 17.doing 18.doing 19.to do 20.to do 21.doing 22.dolng 23.to do 24.to do 25.dolng
26.doing 27.to do 28.to do 29.doing 30.to do 31.to do 32. t o do 33.doing 34. to do 35.to do 36.dolng 37.to do
38.dolng 39.lo do 40.doinc 41.to do 42.to do 43.to do 44.to do 45.dotng 46.to do 47.to do 48.dolng 49.to do
50.to do
EXERCISE 14
1.writing/neglecting 2.to get/concentrating 3.hiring/to meet 4.to phone/to tell 5.stopplng/to be 6.to borrow/to bring
7.1eaving/to think 8.running/expandtng/adding 9.to tell/to lie 10.missing/to be 11.talking/to be 12.to attend
13.holding/to design 14.to assign 15.knowing/consulting (having consulted) 16.writlng/to finish 17.being/to
do/do 18.giving 19.not to understand 20.having/taking/breaking 21.talklng 22.being 23.having/(in) finding/going
24.wondering 25.asking/writing
EXERCISE 15
1.drinking/to drink 2.to start/to borrow 3.borrowing/to get 4.not to enroll 5.to post/to mail 6.meetlng (having met)
7.rolling 8.puttlng 9.to stop/worrying/lry (to try)/to forget lO.feeling 11.picking 12.to continue/writing (to write)
13.to pour/walking (to walk) 14.to inform 15.speaking (to speak)/to listen 16.complaining 17.washing (to be
washed) 18.to inform 19.to qualify (qualifying) 20.camplng/staying 21.to wait 22.rejecting/accepting 23.hurting (to
hurt) 24.gctting/commutlng 25.to eat 26.recelving/writing 27.to upset/to apologize 28.worrying (to worryj/getting/to
check
EXERCISE 16
l.to hear about the rent their landlady was asking for 2.to be told that he had to work in another city 3.to discover that
their house had been broken into 4.to leave on a business trip next week 5.to find out that he had been found Innocent
of the charge 6.not to be injured in the accident 7.to get his wallet back intact 8.to see how quickly he recovered
9.not to let his sarcastic remarks hurt her 10. to be chosen as the best performing department
EXERCISE 17
l.to be listening 2.to have been opened 3.to have had 4.to have 5.to have been spying 6.to help/to be doing 7.to be
sounding (to sound/to have sounded)/to be called 8.to be (to have been) given/to have accomplished 9.to have been
working (to have worked) lO.to have lost/to have found
EXERCISE 18
l.to look (for looking) 2.for the spelling 3.to look 4.to let 5.for some fresh air 6.for essential company calls/to make
(for making) 7.to call 8.to connect (for connecting) 9.to find lO.for making 1 l.for guests 12.to keep (for keeping)
EXERCISE 19
l.is too ridiculous for anyone to believe 2.are too poor to feed themselves 3.isn't strong enough to get over this shock
easily 4.was too weak to beat his opponent 5.is reliable enough for me to share my secrets with 6.1s mature enough to
be left to look after himself 7.was too noisy for me to concentrate on my work 8.Isn't clean enough for us to drink
9.doesn't get a high enough salary to be able to afford a winter holiday 10.1s too complicated for anyone to understand
EXERCISE 20
1.aren't strong enough 2.is too shallow 3.1s too short 4.Isn't simple enough 5.isn't loud (strong) enough 6.is too
shy (timid)
EXERCISE 21
1.happen 2.take/land (taking/landing) 3.waiting 4.walking 5.1eaving (to leave) 6.fighting 7.1ooking 8.putting (to
put) 9.staring lO.baking 11.tremble (trembling) 12.roar/strike (roaring/striking) 13.trying/tunneling
M.honking (honk)/stnging/trotting 15.1ying 16.crawling (crawl)
14 □ ELS ELS 3 IS
 EXERCISE 22 line for more than three hours to get our tickets
l.your brother to be older 2.the army to have no power over the government 3.our expenses this month to be above
our income 4.is estimated to be worth over £10.000 5.to have harmful stde-elTects 6.htm to be not guilty of the EXERCISE 10
charge 7.him to be the manager 8.her to have too little work experience 9.to have a serious design flaw lO.hunting a) l.It was such a long film that I had to leave the cinema before it finished 2.1t's such a delicious dessert that I
with dogs to be barbaric and inhumane think I'll order another helping 3.She earns such a lot of money that she doesn't know how to spend it 4.Such a lot of
people are unemployed that it's becoming harder and harder to find a proper job 5.We were given such a little time
EXERCISE 23 on the exam that I didn't even get a look at the last two questions
l.feel 2.examined 3.to stay 4.strafghtened 5.1ook 6.made 7.design/to produce 8.polished 9.to wait lO.to look a) l.There were so few members that the meeting could not be held 2.So many students are taking the university
ll.bumt 12.to do 13.checked 14.broken 15.keep exam that it's becoming increasingly important to be well-prepared for it 3.The trip was so badly organized that I
returned home rather tense instead of being relaxed 4.Her house is so far from the station that I'm afraid we'll have to
EXERCISE 24 take a taxi 5.1 waited for him in the cafe for so long that I was furious when he never came
l.B 2.E 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.E 7.E 8.A 9.C 10.B ll.C 12.E 13.B 14.E 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.E 19.A 20.C
EXERCISE 11
l.more crowded 2.more often 3.easier 4.more easily 5.more difficult 6.worse 7.worse 8.better 9.better
UNTT7 lO.farther (further) 11.further 12.Less/more 13.more quietly 14.quieter 15.earlier

EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 12
l.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.B ll.A 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.B 21.A 1.later 2.harder 3.better/worse 4.elder 5.older B.younger 7.cheaply 8.lately 9.practical 10. nearly/better
22.A 23.A 24.B 28.A 11.further 12.newer/better 13.newlv/good 14.simpler/confused 15.simply/helpful

EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 13
l.happy 2.happily S.angry 4.quickly 5.really/hard/rapidly/changing 6.badly/organized 7. 1.heavier and heavier 2.more and more unbearable 3.worse and worse 4.bigger and bigger 5.easier and easier 6.more
nearly/extremely/excited 8.fluently/good 9.unwell/well lO.good/well ll.hard/hard 12.punctual/late and more crowded 7.1ess and less S.more and more complicated 9.More and more lO.more and more
13.punctually/late 14.awful/hardly 15.good/lately/eager 16.eagerly 17.suspicious/immediately
18.irrunediate 19.hot/vigorous 20.quickly/vigorously 21.violent/violently 22.incredlbly/quickly EXERCISE 14
23.incredible 24.incredibly/slow/late 25.considerably/poIIuted/recent 26.considerable 27.reasonable l.The more 1 got to know him. the more interested I became in his ideas 2.The further I carried the box. the heavier it
28.reasonably/cheap 29.new/recenUy/cheaply 30. newly/bought 31.high/inevitable 32.highly/intelligent seemed to become 3.The more he worried about his problem, the less capable he became of coping with it 4.The
33.deliberate/accidentally 34.quickly/present 35.good/well/balanced deeper they went into the forest, the more frightened they felt 5.The more money we save now, the more we'll have
to spend on our summer holiday 6.The bigger the waves got. the more pleasure we derived from surfing 7.The harder
EXERCISE 3 we work, the faster our business will expand 8.The more students we get to enrol in our courses, the more teachers
l.E 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.E 10.A ll.B 12.E 13.C 14.C 15.E 16.E 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.D will be required
21.B 22.E 23.B 24.B 25.C
EXERCISE 15
EXERCISE 4 1.didn't work as much as I wanted them to 2.take us as long to get home as it did last night 3.use to do such a large
a) l.b 2.f 3-d 4.h 5.a 6.c 7.J 8.e 9.g 10.İ volume of business as they are doing now 4.didn't offer him such a high wage as (as high a wage as) he had expected
a) l.D 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.E 5.use to have such a big house as (as big a house as) they do now 6.wasn't as enthusiastic about the play as tonight's
audience is
EXERCISE 5
a) l.e 2,h 3.a 4.J 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.f 9.J lO.g bj l.C 2.D EXERCISE 16
3.A 4.B 5.C 1. three times as big as this book 2.was half as big as the new stadium is/is twice as big as the old stadium was 3.twice
as far as I walked yesterday/half as far as I usually do 4.ten times as much money on the curtains for her new house as
EXERCISE 6 Mary did 5. twice as much clothing as a normal washing machine/half as much clothing as the new Dyson does
a) l.d 2.h 3.a 4.g 5.b 6.1 7.c 8.m 9.e lO.o 11.1 12.J 13.n 14.f 15.k 6.three times as big as the kitchen
a) l.C 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.E 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.E 10.C EXERCISE 17
l.distance/as/longer/than/heavter 2.large 3.price/less 4.bad!y 5.many 6.later 7.as/dangerous/as 8.a
EXERCISE 7 lot/heavier/usually 9.such/eagerly/studying/as 10.much/better/than ll.as/far/as 12.often/little
l.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.E 6.E 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A ll.C 12.E 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.A 20. D 13.so/well/dressed/that 14.such/high/that/eariier/expected 15.such/low lR.such a/as/many/as 17.so/heavily/that
18.hardlv/such/irritating 19.well/few 20.so/upset/so/sarcastically
EXERCISE 8
l.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.E 10.A ll.C 12.E 13.C 14.E 15.B 16.C 17.E 18.A 19.B 20.A EXERCISE 18
l.wisest 2.cheaper 3.badIy/worse 4.oldest 5.1atter/healthier/former 6.the most boring 7.such/boring/as
EXERCISE 9 8.so/remarkable/hard/the best 9.such/as lO.the least/depressed ll.fewer/so/awful 12.fewest
l.so foggy that all the flights had to be cancelled 2.playlng their music so loudly that I had to ask them to turn it down 13.fewer/than/best 14.latest 15.less 16.1east 17.1ast
S.such an ambitious person that she'll do whatever is needed to succeed 4.such terrible news that we didn't know how
to break it to our parents 5.so hard to persuade me that I had no choice but to accept what they wanted 6.such greqt
demand that we had to wait in
16 GELS ELS J 17
18.as/well/as/fewer 19.so/frlghtened/as 20.1east meet people from all over Turkey tn)
 EXERCISE 19
l.llke 2.As 3.as 4.As 5 ~uch as (like) 6.such as (like)/as 7.1ike 8.as/llke 9.as lO.as ll.likc 12.11ke 13.such
as (like) 14.as 15.like
EXERCISE 20
l.E 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.E 13.B 14.A 15.E 16.C 17.D 18.E 19.B 20.B
UNTT8
EXERCISE 1
l.I want to see the person who/that deals with customer complaints 2.1 can't think of a remedy which/that will soothe
your nerves 3.The reporter who/that had been given an assignment In a trouble spot In Africa was reluctant to go
4.She couldn't pick the apples which/that were beyond reach 5.The church which/that stands on top of the hill is
visible from miles around 6. I'm sure I've met the lady whc/that Is getting out of that car over there somewhere before
7.1 dislike people who/that undermine the work of others 8.Why did you buy a car which/that is older than your
previous one
EXERCISE 2
1.1 wonder what happened to the child who/whom/that/- a cyclist ran over In the park this morning 2.Some of the
guests who/whom/that/- we'd invited to the party didn't turn up 3.The epidemic which/that/- they have been trying to
bring under control for months has spread all over the area 4.1 wrote to the French couple who/whom/that/- I met on
holiday 5.The house which/that/- we were hoping to buy is no longer for sale 6.The film which/that/- I didn't let my
son watch was not suitable for children 7.Have you met the person who/whom/that/- they appointed to head of the
department? 8.1 don't like the music which/that/- our neighbours play very loudly all day long
EXERCISE 3
l.The picture in which Sally was very interested had already been sold (which/that/- Sally was very interested in...) 2.1
want to introduce you to the woman with whom I'm thinking of doing business (who/whom/that/- I'm thinking of
doing business with) 3.The candidate for whom I voted was elected (who/whom/that/- I voted for...) 4.The theory on
which he based his argument didn't seem very sound (which/that/- he based his argument on...) 5.The woman for
whom this dress was designed was extremely wealthy (who/whom/that/- this dress was designed for...) 6.The waitress
at whom the manager shouted is always getting In trouble (who/whom/that/- the manager shouted at...) 7.The Illness
from which our boss Is suffering seems to be very serious (which/that/- our boss is suffering from...) 8.The period
from which this church dates was marked by conflict between Vikings and Christians (which/that/- this church dates
from...)
EXERCISE 4
l.Thls is the man in whose car I took you to the hospital (whose car...in) 2.You should have apologized to the woman
on whose foot you stepped while dancing (whose foot you stepped on...) 3.A company whose financial backing isn't
secure is likely to suffer in the current economic climate 4.He is the author whose work I most admire 5.These are the
birds whose habitat is threatened by the development of the new shopping centre 6.Do you know if this is the hotel
whose swimming pool Is open to non-guests 7.What's the name of the mythological figure whose touch turned things
to gold 8.The candidate to whose ideas I am strongly opposed won by a small margin (whose ideas I am strongly
opposed to...)
EXERCISE 5
l.Thls is the hall where/in which the conference will be held (which/that/- the conference will be held in) 2.1s that a
photograph of the church where/in which you got married (which/that/- you got married in) 3.1 can't remember the
name of It. but we went to that area where/In which the early Christians dug underground cities (which/that/- the early
Christians dug underground cities in) 4.This is the very spot where/on which a big explosion occurred yesterday
(which/that/- a big explosion occurred on yesterday) 5.1 know a small restaurant wljere/in which you can have a nice
dinner enjoying the magnificent Bosphorus view (which/that/- you can have a nice dinner in...) B.Istanbul Is a city
where/In which you can meet people from all over Turkey (which/that/- you can
EXERCISE 6
1.1980 is the year when/in which/that/- the last military coup in Turkey took place 2.They haven't yet fixed the date
when/on which/that/- they'll get married 3.1 forgot the time when/at which/that/- her plane would land 4.6th August
1945 is the date when/on which/that/- an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima 5. Half past four is the hour
when/at which/that/- the caretaker alivays collects the rubbish 6.1 1th September 2001 is the date when/on
which/that/- terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center
EXERCISE 7
l.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.E 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.D ll.E 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.A
EXERCISE 8
LB 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.E 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C
EXERCISE 9
l...on Friday evening, when/on which we'll all be at Tony's... 2... 6 a.m.. when/at which I have to wake up... 3...on
December 5. 1791, by which time he had composed... 4. from Monday to Wednesday, during which time I did...
5...on Valentine's Day. when/on which they thought it'd be...
EXERCISE 10
L.in England, one of which will be finding accommodation 2.Yaşar Kemal, most of whose books have been translatrd
into many languages, is one of... 3.. two Jumpers, neither of which really suited him 4....about £1.000, nearly all of
which he then gambled away again 5....two assistant managers. both of whom are efficient in their work 6. . a book
on strategy, some of whose chapters were extremely boring (a book on strategy, some chapters of which were
extremely boring)
EXERCISE 11
l.He is rather bad-tempered, which makes him a difficult person to work with 2.He broke two glasses while he
was washing up. which was very careless of him 3.1'm having a few days off next week, which I'm really looking
forward to 4.He hasn't been eating much lately, which I am reallv concerned about 5.He didn't offer to help his
parents, which was a little selfish of him 6.She handed in her resignation after her quarrel with the manager,
which didn't surprise me at all
EXERCISE 12
l.D 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.A ll.C 12.E 13.C 14.B 15.E 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.D 20.B
21.A 22.E 23.B 24.E 25.B 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.D 30.E
EXERCISE 13
l.The woman sitting at the corner table seems... 2.The students wanting to postpone the exam were... 3-OnIy those
having their identity cards with them will be... 4."Roots", written by Alex Haley. Is... 5.Neil Armstrong was the first
man to walk on the moon 6.The fence surrounding their house is not so high 7.The children, very excited about going
on holiday, helped... S.Mrs Smith, our next door neighbour. Is very much interested in... 9....pictures on TV showing the
pieces of the comet... lO.Mr. Jacobs will be the one in charge of the office during... ll.She, once a famous star, is now...
12.1 have a lot of letters to write 13....children, not knowing the danger, play in sewage waters 14.His first book,
published In 1975. didn't get... 15....a house overlooking the sea rather than a large one 16.Students not interested in
grammar can prepare. . 17.relieved to get further news concerning the accident 18.The villagers, expecting a good
harvest, were all distressed... 19.The twins, wearing Identical bright red Jackets, really stood out... 20. ..to find someone
to look after our dog
EXERCISE 14
l.D 2.C 3.C 4.E 5.C 6.E 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.E ll.C 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.C 20.D 21.E 22.A 23.B
24.B 25.C 26.E 27.D 28.E 29.B 30.E 31.D 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.E 36.A 37.D 38.A 39.C 40.D
18 DELS ELS J IV
 EXERCISE 15
FRANZ KAFKA
1.- 2.which/that 3.- 4.who 5.- 6.where 7.which 8.where 9.where 10.when 11.whose
12.where 13.- 14.- 15.which 16.whtch/that 17.which 18.- 19.which
ANTIOCH
l.which 2.which 3.- 4.whose 5.whlch 6.which 7.- 8.which/that 9.where lO.which/that ll.who 12.
which/that 13.which 14.which/that 15. where
WORLDWIDE FAME with ONE BOOK
l.who 2.which 3.who 4.who 5.which/that/- 6.when/that/- 7.which/that 8.- 9.- 10.who 11.-
12.which/that 13.which 14.which 15.which
EXERCISE 16
l.A 2.A 3.E 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.E 8.A 9.C 10.B ll.E 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.E 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.E
UNTT9
EXERCISE 1
1.Pearls form in oysters 2.Puppies like to sleep in baskets 3.Balls are more popular with boys than they are with
girls 4.0bstinate and slow, asses are symbols of stubborn stupidity 5.Devices operated by electricity or gas and
found in homes are called home appliances 6.Dentists work in surgeries 7.Gases can be poisonous 8.Dresses
made by designers are usually very expensive 9.Factortes shouldn't be located near residential areas
lO.Oranges are rich sources of vitamins
EXERCISE 2
Lashes 2.faces 3.flashes 4.catches 5.trays 6.pies 7.glories 8.classes 9.branches lO.voices 11.suffixes
12.prizes 13.edges 14.combs 15.talks 16.speeches 17.taxes lS.taxls 19.sptces 20. spies
EXERCISE 3
1.selves 2.phenomena 3.children 4.policemen 5.deer 6.geese 7.roofs 8.tattoos 9.feet lO.flsh 11.beliefs
12.1eaves 13.wolves 14.coats 15.cows 16.pianos 17.boots 18.housewives 19.citles 20. oases
EXERCISE 4
l.letters/postcards/brochures/packages/- 2.-/-/shlrts/- 3.-
/things/cookbooks/booklets/advertisements/magazines/works 4.-/teachers/classrooms/-/computers/books
5.-/patrolmen/boxes/guns/grenades/landmines 6.Jokes/stories/tricks/-7.1akes/hills/valleys/- 8.children/storms/-/-
9.-/essentials/-/-
/luxuries/televlsions/cars/holidays/- lO.areas/nations/-/cities/cars/people ll.screws/nails/-
12.-/grapes/peaches/apricots/plums/strawberries
EXERCISE 5
l.cheeses/varietles 2.-/-/slices/- 3.tlmes/noises 4.-/- 5.works 6.- 7.papers 8.-/lambs 9.-/-/- lO.chickens/eggs 11.-
12.-/coffees 13.-/cities 14.-/-/materials 15.-
EXERCISE 6
l.the bottom of the stairs 2.today's football match 3.the fifth floor of the building 4.your fathers name 5.your
brothers' names 6.the front page of today's newspaper 7.thls year's crops 8.twenty minutes' walk 9.the
government's economic policy (the economic policy of the government) lO.the name of the film (the film's
name) 1 l.the name of the man who came yesterday 12.the keys of my father's car (my father's car keys)
13.the children's department 14.Jacks brother's wife 15.the career of the person talking to the manager
16.the horse's saddle, 17.the horses' saddles 18.the committee's decision (the decision of the committee) 19.my
sister's son's birthday (the birthday of my sister's son) 20.eight hours' journey
EXERCISE 7
1.An/an/a/a 2.An/a 3.-/a 4.a/a 5.-/- 6.-/a/a/a 7.an/a/a/- 8.-/a/a 9.an/-(a)/- 10.a/a/a 11. -/an 12.-/-/an 13.a/-
14.an/-/a 15.-/a 16.an/-
EXERCISE 8
l.some (-) 2.-/- 3.-/an 4.Some 5.- 6.-/-/sotne H/a/- 7.some 8.a 9.-/somc (-) lO.snme/a 11.a 12.some (-)
13.Some 14.-/some 15.a/some 16.Some/some/a/a
EXERCISE 9
l.Some/the/an/the/the 2.the/the/the 3.some/some(-)/- 4.the/-/a/- 5.the/a/an 6.A/a/the/the 7.the/the 8.a/a/-
9.-/the/the/the 10.-/an/- 11.the/a/the/the/-/- 12.The H/the/the (-) 13.a/the (a) 14.a/the 15.-/an/a/the/- (the)/a/a
16.the/the/a/the 17.-/-/- 18.-/the 19.the/the/the 20.some (-)/-/the/the/the
EXERCISE 10
l.much accommodaUon 2.many machines 3.much machinen- 4.many sheep 5.niuch luck 6.many teeth 7.much
homework 8.many assignments 9.much progress lO.much deterioration 11.many individuals 12.many people
(many persons) 13.many words 14.much vocabulary 15.many views 16.much scenery 17.many cases 18.many
situations 19.many bushes 20.much grass (many-grasses) 21.much equipment 22.much advice 23.many
suggestions 24.much poetry 25.many poems 26.many poets 27.much literature 28.many novels 29.much mail
30.many letters
EXERCISE 11
1.- 2.- 3.of 4.- 5.of 6.of 7.of 8.of/- 9.- 10.-/of 11.of 12.of
EXERCISE 12
1.a little 2.!ittle 3.a few 4.a few 5.few 6.1ittle 7.1ittle 8.fe\v 9.a few 10.a little 11.a few 12.a few 13.a little
14.1ittle 15.a little
EXERCISE 13
l.of 2.- 3.- 4.of 5.of 6.of 7.-/of 8.-/- 9.or/of 10.-/of 11.of 12.of 13.of 14.of 15.-
EXERCISE 14
l.whole 2.whole 3.all 4.whole 5.all 6.whole 7.A11 8.all 9.whole lO.whole 11.all 12.whole 13.whole
14.A11 15.all
EXERCISE 15
l.(of) 2.(of) 3.- 4.of/of/- 5.(of) 6.(ofl 7.(of) 8.(of) 9.of 10.-/of ll.of 12.(o0 13.of 14.- 15.-
EXERCISE 16
1.either 2.none 3.neither 4.both/either 5.A11 6.both 7.Neither 8.Both 9.A11 lO.Neither 11.None/either
12.both 13.elther 14.all 15.both 16.neither 17.all 18.Neither
EXERCISE 17
l.each 2.Each/was 3.were/each 4.member/is 5.students/wants 6.machine/has/every 7.thieves 8.Each/has
9.Each/wants lO.Do/each/have 11.every 12.all/students
EXERCISE 18: {note: -one ile biten sözcüklerin yerine -body He bitenler de kullanılabilir.) l.No one
2.anything 3.somewhere 4.something (anything) 5.anything 6.someone 7.Everyone/someone
8.everything/Nothing 9.somewhere 10.Nothing 11.no one/anywhere 12.everywhere 13.No one/anything
14.nowhere/nothinC/no one 15.everyone/anyone 16.Somcthing/nothlng 17.anywhere
18.everythlng/anywhere (anyone)
EXERCISE 19
1.their own 2.her own 3.themselves 4.her own/herself 5.itself 6.himself (herself/themselves) 7.myself
8.himself 9.his own lO.our own 11.yourselves 12.yourself 13.mv own 14.her own 15.herself
ZO J ELS ELS J XI
 EXERCISE 20
l.ls 2.1s (are) 3.1s 4.1s 5.1s 6.are 7.are 8.1s 9.are 10.1s 11.1s 12.are 13.1s 14.1s 15.are 16.1s 17.1s (are)
18.1s (are) 19.1s 20.are 21.1s 22.are 23.1s (are) 24.1s 25.are 26.are 27.1s 28.1s 29.is (are) SO.are 31.1s (are) 32.are
33.1s 34.1s 35.are 36.1s 37.are 38.1s 39.ts 40.1s 41.are 42.1s 43.are 44.are 45.1s 46.are 47.are 48.1s 49.are 50.1s
EXERCISE 21
l.was 2.1s 3.have/ls 4.are 5.are 6.have/have 7.were/was 8.have 9.was 10.was 11.1s 12.11ve/have
13.was 14.was 15.does 16.was 17.have/are 18.was 19.has/is 20.have
EXERCISE 22
l.the others 2.other/others/others 3.another (some other) 4.another 5.another 6.0thers 7.another 8.others 9.each other
(one another) lO.other 11.others 12.the other 13.another/other 14.others 15.the other 16.the others/other
17.others 18.the others 19.another 20.each other (one another)/the other
EXERCISE 23
l.E 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.E 9.C 10.D ll.D 12.C 13.E 14.D 15.B 16.E 17.E 18.D 19.C 20.A
UNTT10
EXERCISE 1
l.The country has been suffering from both political unrest and an economic crisis 2.Both body sprays and electrical
devices are effective against mosquitoes 3. Both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo lived during the Italian
Renaissance, a period known for its creative activity 4.The building we choose for our cafe must be both close to the
shopping area and reasonably priced 5.Cutting down large areas of tropical rain forest destroys not only the habitat of
wild animals but also the homeland of native Indian tribes 6.Honey is delicious not only on Its own but also when
added to puddings 7.The protection of the environment is essential not only for people today but also for future
generations 8.Not only did she inherit a vast fortune upon her father's death, but she also became the sole authority to
run his companies (She not only inherited a vast fortune but also became the sole authority...) 9.She was neither
efficient nor keen enough to take charge of the office lO.The solution satisfied neither the management nor the union
ll.Nelther the actors nor the play Itself was good enough to hold the audience's attention 12.Thls football player
neither panics under pressure nor argues with the referee 13.The manager must either employ a new assistant or train
one of the existing staff for the position 14.1 will either lend you my car for the day or drive you to the conference
myself 15.IT1 either meet you at the airport myself or send someone, if I can't make it 16.1 might have left my
umbrella either at work or on the bus
EXERCISE 2
l.were 2.have 3.1s 4.are 5.ts 6.causes 7.do 8.1s 9.are lO.knows 1 l.was 12.know 13.were 14.is 15.have
EXERCISE 3
l.had been Introduced (were Introduced) 2.met/hadn't yet got 3.1s/wlll have saved 4.had saved/was 5.had the race
started/crashed 6. was locking (locked)/had left 7.had they bought/died 8.was looking/found/had put 9.had she
finished/telephoned/weren't able to (wouldn't be able to) lO.reaches/will have been discussed 11.have obtained/are
going to (will) start/am planning (plan)/set up 12.were taken/were/happened 13.had she Joined/was bought 14.was
getting (got)/was getting (got)/hardly had 15.wlll not confirm/have undergone (undergo)/will be employed
EXERCISE 4
l.a)Slnce there were strong currents in the river. I decided not to swim b)There were strong currents in the river:
therefore. 1 decided not to swim c)The currents In the river were so strong that I decided not to swim dJThere were
such strong currents In the river that I dectded not to swim e)l decided not to swim, for there were strong currents in
the river fJDue to the strong currents in the river. 1 decided not to swim gJThere were strong currents in the river, so
1 decided not to swim h)As a consequence of the strong currents in the river. I decided not to swim fJThere were
strong currents in the river: consequently. I decided not to swim JjOwing to the fact that there were strong currents in
the river. I decided not to swim
2.a)He drove so fast that he had an accident b)His driving too fast resulted in his having an accident c)His having an
accident resulted from his driving too fast d)As a result of his driving too fast, he had an accident e)He drove too fast:
therefore, he had an accident f)0n account of his driving too fast, he had an accident g)The reason for his having an
accident was his driving too fast h)He had an accident because he drove too fast l)As he drove (was driving) too fast,
he had an accident J)His having an accident was a result of his driving too fast
EXERCISE 5
1.Because of 2.Because 3.so 4.Due to 5.0wing to the fact that 6.resulted in 7.therefore 8.because 9.because of/for
lO.As 11.because/because 12.as a consequence of 13.for 14.result from 15.thus
EXERCISE 6
l.We should book our rooms well in advance so that we won't have any difficulty when we get there 2.We had our
car checked before we left on vacation so that it wouldn't cause us any trouble on the wav 3.They're taking out a
special Insurance policy so that their possessions will be covered while they are overseas 4.They took out a special
insurance policy so that their possessions would be covered while they were overseas 5.He disconnected his
telephone so that he-wouldn't be disturbed during the film 6.The professor has taken a break from lecturing this term
so that she can do some research for her book
EXERCISE 7
1.Despite its being cheap, I won't buy this material because... 2.She failed to give up smoking in spite of her repeated
attempts 3.Even though she has some bad qualities, she is... 4.Although I offered to help him, he Insisted on. .
5.Despite the rough road, he kept... 6.1n spite of his unsuccessful performance, the audience applauded... 7...many
beneficial advantages, though there are claims that It diminishes creativity 8.1n spite of having been warned twice
before, she still keeps... 9....this year, although the weather conditions have been continuing to be unfavourable for
some time 10. Despite the enormous number of books the library has, Keith couldn't find...
EXERCISE 8
1.Despite 2.Despite 3.Although 4.though 5.1n spite of 6.1n spite of 7.despite 8.Although 9.1n spite of lO.Despite
ll.though 12.Although 13.Despite 14.Even though 15.though
EXERCISE 9
l.No matter how famous the actor Is, the film's plot... 2....: whatever you buy for her. she never shows any sign of
appreciation 3.However many hours we work, we never seem... 4.No matter how fast we run. we won't... 5. No
matter how Important the case was. no one dealt... 6...by coach,
however much discount the airlines may be offering 7..................whoever tries to persuade me 8.Whichever
subject you choose to study at university, you'll have to... 9.. ..in this room regardless of where you place it
10.Whenever I call on my father, he is...
EXERCISE 10
l.He has been punished several times before: nevertheless, he keeps doing the same naughty thing again and again
2.They had been rehearsing for weeks: nonetheless, they were all extremely nervous on the opening night 3.1n spite of
having a responsible Job with a high salary, she feels discontented 4.Despite being Intelligent and having a good sense
of humour, he has very little self-confidence 5.Even though he has a speech impediment, he sings beautifully
XX Ü ELS ELS -IZ3
 EXERCISE 11
l.aJThough they cultivated the land very well, they couldn't get good crops bJDesplte cultivating the land very well,
they couldn't get good crops c)They cultivated the land very well, but they couldn't get good crops anyway d)They
cultivated the land very well: however, they couldn't get good crops e)In spite of the fact that they cultivated the land
very well, they couldn't get good crops fJThey cultivated the land very well, yet they still couldn't get good crops g)
They cultivated the land very well: even so, they couldn't get good crops
2.a)TaIented as he is. he has never become a success b)Much as he is talented, he has never become a success
cJAlthough he is talented, he has never become a success d)He is talented: nevertheless. he has never become a
success e)In spite of being talented, he has never become a success fJHe is talented, but he still has never become a
success g) He is talented: all the same, he has never become a success
EXERCISE 12
1.indifferent 2.weak 3.scarce 4.fresh 5.intenttonally (on purpose) 6.rare
EXERCISE 13
l.Some people live in extravagant affluence in some parts of the world: however, in other parts, some starve to death
2.The accommodation at the hotel was awful. On the other hand, the service was superb 3.Some people have an
optimistic view of life: however, others are rather pessimistic 4.Sea fishing requires a boat, which Is expensive even
to rent. On the other hand, fishing from the riverbank costs very little 5.Scuba diving requires some very expensive
equipment. On the other hand, snorkeling. which is Just as enjoyable, requires only a snorkel and some flippers
EXERCISE 14
l.On the contrary 2.0n the other hand 3-On the contrary 4.on the other hand 5.0n the other hand 6.0n the other
hand
EXERCISE 15
l.B 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.E 8.E 9.E 10.C ll.A 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.E 19.A 20.C 21.D 22.C 23.A
24.E 25.C 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.C 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.A 37.E 38.A 39.C 40.A 41.D 42.A 43.E
44.A 45.D
EXERCISE 16
l.Not having read the report myself. I am unable... 2.When loading these boxes, make sure that... 3.1f detected early
enough, this disease can... 4.Before sealing the envelope, she checked... 5.She fell asleep while listening to the lecture
6.Upon opening his wallet, he realized... 7.You should write your name at the top of the page before answering any of
the questions 8.Having driven through a red light, he wasn't at all surprised... 9.No seats being left on the flight, we
were obliged... lO.SInce starting his own business two years ago. he has... 11.Although not so popular as it used to be.
stamp collecting is... 12.Never having seen (Having never seen) an elephant before, the children were... 13.Being
amphibians, frogs can live... 14.1f not brought under control, this flood could destroy... 15.When (Upon) receiving a
new credit card, you should... 16.There being heavy congestion at that time of day, we decided... 17.Unless supported
after treatment, alcoholics often suffer relapses 18.Until made compulsory by law, wearing a seatbelt had... 19.When
asked who the Job had been given to. the manager... 20.Although much less stressful than mine, my sister's job
provides...
EXERCISE 17 .
l.As it was expired. I was unable... 2.When he reached the top of the hill, the view completely overwhelmed him 3.As
the driver was terribly drunk, the car went... 4.As he has never looked after his teeth properly, more than half of them
are already decayed 5. As 1 had opened the oven door too often, the cake J was baking... 6.While he was stroking his
neighbours' dog. it bit him 7.After I had examined the pattern carefully, the dress seemed... 8.While 1 was explaining
the future perfect continuous, the Janitor came in... 9.As he had greedily eaten everything in the fridge, there was
nothing left... lO.After she had reported her car stolen, the train seemed...
Z4 JELS
EXERCISE 18
l.I don't like the way you are acting, nor will I tolerate it any longer 2.Not until farming had been discovered, about
10,000 years ago. could civilization really begin to develop 3.She told her son that under no circumstances must he
give chocolate to his baby sister... 4.1 certainly wouldn't want to live in a big metropolitan city, were I (to be) given
the choice 5.0nly if she can find someone to give her a lift home will she be able to come to the party 6.So complete
was the destruction of books ordered by the Chinese emperor Shih Huang Ti in the 3rd century BC that almost
nothing remained 7.Not one finger have you lifted to help me around the house since we got married 8.Hardly ever
have they come to any of the events we've invited them to 9.Had we not gone to the party last night, we certainly
wouldn't... lO.Down the street (menacingly) came the police tank (menacingly), and away ran the protestors 11.She
claims that only once in her life has she drunk alcohol, but... 12.Barely had the orchestra begun their performance of
the Beethoven symphony when someone... 13.Should you get to the meeting early tomorrow, could you please
inform... 14.Nowhere in the world is there a greater diversity of languages than on the Island of New Guinea, which
is... 15.Such an embarrassment was it last night that never again will I be able to show my face at their house 16.0nly
after I had read the Instruction manual thoroughly was I able to get the stereo working 17.1rish author James Joyce
left Ireland forever in the early 20th century, as did his compatriot and friend. Samuel Beckett, about 30 years later
18.No sooner had Mr Loman stepped in the door than his wife slapped him across the face 19.Seldom does one get
the chance to see two legendary musicians performing together on the same stage 20.My mother and father have
never been out of the United States, and neither have any of their friends
EXERCISE 19
l.C 2.B 3.D 4.E 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.E 15.D 16.D 17.C 18.A 19.E
20.B
UNIT 11
EXERCISE 1
1.on/in 2.in 3.at 4.at/in 5.on 6.on 7.io/on 8.at 9.at (on) lO.at 11.in 12.on 13.in 14.on 15.on 16.on/at
17.at/on 18.at/at 19.in 20.On
EXERCISE 2
l.during 2.while 3.during 4.during 5.while 6.during 7.while 8.While
EXERCISE 3
1.until 2.by 3,by 4.until 5.until 6.by 7.unUl 8.by
EXERCISE 4
1.before/on 2.During/at 3.untll/after 4.from/to (till)(until)/on 5.by/since 6.from/to (tlll)(until)/durtng
7.Throughout (During)/before 8.before/on 9.Throughout (During)/since 10.until/at
EXERCISE 5
1.to/from/past 2.around 3.out of 4.along (by) 5.below 6.opposite (near)/out of/across 7.at/to/on 8.around 9.outside
(outdoorsl/inslde (indoors) lO.against 11.on/in/on/between 12.beyond (behind) 13.in/from/to/in/above
14.across/through (across) 15.through
EXERCISE 6
1.between 2.to 3.for 4.for 5.to 6.between 7.with 8.of 9.to lO.for 11.of 12.towards (toward) 13.in 14.for
15.to
EXERCISE 7 ';:'Z'"•■>-,,
l.k 2.e 3.b 4.a 5.d 6.f 7.q 8.j 9.n lO.h ll.m 12.g 13.İ 14.c 15.r 16.p 17.1 18.o ,i:
EXERCISE 8 -
l.h 2.b 3.o 4.a 5.n 6.c 7.g 8.m 9.1 10.J 11.k 12.1 13.f 14.c 15.d : : p= : ::
ELSJt^
 EXERCISE 9 EXERCISE 24
l.u 2.g 3.e 4.o 5.1 6.w 7.b 8.1 9.v lO.r ll.y 12.h 13.q 14.x 15.a 16.J 17.s 18.c 19.k 20.t 21.n 22.m 23.f 1.have a look at 2.Take no notice of 3.takes...pride in 4.caught a glimpse of 5.take care of 6.set fire to
24.d 25.p 7.making...recovery from 8.paid a compliment to 9.made contact with lO.has...effect on 11.take your mind off
12.make room for
EXERCISE 10
l.on 2.1n 3.tn 4.on 5.ln 6.on EXERCISE 25
l.C 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.E 10.C ll.C 12.E 13.E 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.A
EXERCISE 11 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.E 25.B 26.E 27.D 28.C 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.E 33.C 34.B 35.B 36.E 37.C 38.D 39.C
l.on 2.for 3.for 4.on 5.for 6.on 40.D 41.E 42.D 43.A 44.B 45.B 46.D 47.C 48.C 49.E 50.E 51.C 52.E 53.D 54.E 55.B 56.B 57.D 58.C
59.B 60.D
EXERCISE 12
1.1 2.d 3.p4.k5.f 6.r 7.a 8.g 9.m 10.J ll.q 12.b 13.c 14.1 15.h 16.n 17.0 18.e EXERCISE 26
l.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.E 9.C 10.D ll.A 12.A 13.E 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.C
21.C 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.E 26.B 27.C 28.E 29.D 30.B
EXERCISE 13
ajunder b)by c)at djunder ejwtthout flat g)by h)at flwlthout J)at (at the) kjunder IJfrom m)at njfor o)by

EXERCISE 14 UNIT 12
l.by far 2.under the Influence 3.by no means 4.at last 5.under control 6.at (the) most 7.from time to time 8.without
fall 9.wlthout delay lO.At first 11.at length 12.at least lS.under guarantee M.for the time being 15.by mistake EXERCISE 1
1.look...up 2.took up 3.held up 4.turn up 5.blow up 6.are growing up 7.made up 8.set up 9.pick...up
EXERCISE 15 10.show up 11.blown up 12.take up
a)by b)under cjunder djfrom e)for flat g)at h)by flwlthout JJfor kjunder flwlthout mjat njfor ojby
EXERCISE 2
EXERCISE 16 1.closing down 2.1et down 3.slow down 4.being knocked down 5.settled down 6.tum down 7.cut down 8.laid
l.by heart 2.by accident 3.at random 4.at times 5.at any rate 6.under pressure 7.under age 8.wlthout doubt 9.for down 9.turned...down 10.bringing down 11.get...down 12.broke down
short 10.without warning 11.for a change 12.for instance 13.under the Impression 14.from now on 15.by all
means EXERCISE 3
1.have worked out 2.put...out 3.worn out 4.set out 5.broken out 6.1et out 7.1eft out 8.make out 9.ran out
EXERCISE 17 lO.come out 11.pick out 12.went out
l.c 2.o 3.h 4.k 5.1 6.1 7.d 8.n 9.f 10.J ll.b 12.e 13.g 14.m 15.a
EXERCISE 4
EXERCISE 18 l.see...off 2.trying...on 3.taking...in 4.took off 5.put...through 6.come across 7.put...away 8.put...on 9.1ooks
l.of 2.to 3.wlth 4.to 5.wlth 6.for 7.to 8.to 9.to lO.or ll.to 12.for 13.to 14.to 15.at 16.for 17.about 18.on down on lO.called off 11.been flooding in 12.passed away
19.with/for 20.or 21.about 22.to/for 23.of 24.of 25.in
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 19 1.handed down 2.died out 3.been pulled over 4.count against 5.tell...apart 6.stand up for 7.gave...away
l.like 2.1n S.about 4.to 5.1n 6.for 7.on 8.from 9.with lO.to 11.to/about 12.of 13.1nto 14.from 15.of 16. for S.catch up on 9.done away with lO.put...across 11.get through 12.set back
17.from 18.against 19.for 20. from 21.at 22. to 23.about 24. to/for 25. of
EXERCISE 6
EXERCISE 20 1.put forth 2.thinks back on 3.waited on 4.1ay ofT 5.were wiped out 6.1s hanging over 7.put...up 8.made for
l.from 2.for 3.into 4.1nto/of 5.as 6.to 7.ln 8.at 9.to lO.at 11.for 12.for 13.of 14.for 15.of 16.from 17.from 9.saw through lO.was kicked out 11.touched down 12.shut off
18.on 19.from 20.to 21.for 22.at 23.about 24.on 25.into
EXERCISE 7
EXERCISE 21 l.D 2.E 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.E 10.A 11.E 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.E
l.f 2.k 3.h 4.e 5a 6.c 7.b 8.1 9.g lO.d ll.J 12.1 20.B

EXERCISE 22 EXERCISE 8
l.lost count of 2.playing a trick on 3.taking advantage of 4.make sense of 5.taklng part In (going to take part In) l.C 2.E 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.E 10.B ll.B 12.D 13.E 14.E 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.E 20.E 21.D
6.have...confidence in 7.keep an eye on 8.Pay attention to 9.put...pressure on 10.take charge of 11.caught sight of 22.B 23.B 24.E 25.E 26.B 27.D 28.D 29.E 30.C 31.E 32.E 33.D 34.B 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.E 39.E 40.A 41.B
12.take...pleasure In 42.C 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.A 50.E 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.C 55.C 56.D 57.C 58.D 59.C 60.C

EXERCISE 23 EXERCISE 9
l.d 2.f &e 4.a 5.k 6.c 7.1 8.1 9.b lO.h ll.g 12.J l.D 2.A 3.D 4.E 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.E 9.E 10.B ll.C 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.E 18.E 19.C 20.B 21.B
22.B 23.C 24.E 25.C 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.E 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.B 34.B 35.C 36.D 37.D 38.C 39.D 40.C 41.C
42.E 43.E 44.A 45.A 46.D 47.E 48.B 49.E 50.B 51.A 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.A 56.D 57.D 58.E 59.C 60.C
26 D ELS ELS J Z7
 TEST YOURSELF 1 TEST YOURSELF 4
1. E 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. E 9. B 10. c 1. B 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B S. D 9. C 10. E
11. D 12. B 13. E 14. E 15. B 16. E 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. E 16. E 17. A İS. C 19. A 20. B
21. A 22. E 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. E 29. E 30. A 21. C 22. D 23. E 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. E 30. D
31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. E 36. C 37.4 B 38. D 39. A 40. E 31. A 31. E 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. C 37.4 E 38. A 39. E 40. C
41. B 42. D 43. C 44. C 45. E 46. A 7. E 48. C 49. D 50. B 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. E 45. B 46. A 7. E 48. C 49. D 50. D
51. E 52. B 53. A 54. E 55. D 56. B 57. D 58. E 59. C 60. E 51. E 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. E 59. C 60. A
61. D 62. A 63. B 64. A 65. A 66. E 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. C 61. E 62. A 63. A 64. D 65. C 66. E 67. B 68. B 69. D 70. B
71. D 72. C 73. E 74. A 75. B 76. C 77. A 78. E 79. E 80. D 71. D 72. E 73. C 74. A 75. B 76. C 77. D 78. D 79. E 80. B
81. E 82. A 83. B 84. C 85. D 86. E 87. B 88. A 89. B 90. D 81. C 82. A 83. B 84. E 85. E 86. D 87. C 88. E S9. B 90. A
91. A 92. E 93. C 94. D 95. E 96. B 97. A 98. E 99. D 100. A 91. B 92. C 93. D 94. C 95. E 96. B 97. A 9S. A 99. D 100. E
101. B 102. B 103. C 104. E 105. A 106. C 107. E 108. D 109. A 110. E 101. C 102. C 103. E 104. B 105. A 106. D 107. E 108. D 109. C 110. C
 "^ .■'

TEST YOURSELF 2 TEST YOURSELF 5 (PART ONE)

1. 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. E 1. E 2, D 3. A 4. B 5. E 6. C 7. B S. D 9. A 10. B
c
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. E 15. E 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B 11. E 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A D 19. D 20. C
ıs.
21. C 22. E 23. E 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. E 30. E 21. C 22. C 23. E 24. A 25. B 26. E 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A
31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. E 37.4 B 38. C 39. E 40. A 31. D 32. E 33. D 34. D 35. C 36. B 37.4 E 38. E 39. C 40. D
41. E 42. D 43. D 44. C 45. E 46. D 7. E 48. C 49. A 50. D 41. A 42. A 43. D 44. E 45. A 46. D 7. C 48. B 49. E 50. B
51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. E 59. C 60. B 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. E 56. A 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. E
61. E 62. A 63. B 64. E 65. A 66. E 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. D 61. E 62. C 63. A 64. C 65. D 66. B 67. E 6S. A 69. E 70. E
71. B 72. C 73. E 74. A 75. E 76. C 77. D 78. A 79. E 80. C 71. C 72. E 73. D 74. B 75. A 76. D 77. A 78. C 79. C S0. D
81. C 82. B 83. B 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. E 88. A 89. B 90. D 81. E 82. B 83. D 84. A 85. C 86. C 87. B 88. E 89. D 90. D
91. B 92. E 93. C 94. D 95. A 96. B 97. C 98. E 99. D 100. D 91. B 92. D 93. A 94. E 95. A 96. C 97. C 98. D 99. E 100. B
101. A 102. E 103. D 104. E 105. C 106. C 107. A 108. B 109. C 110. A 101. A 102. C 103. B 104. D 105. C 106. E 107. B 10S. B 109. A 110. C
 .'. ,S«. f <"".
",* 'U':--'- TEST YOURSELF 3 '.... TEST YOURSELF 5 (PART TWO)
1. D 2. E : 3. E 4. 5. B 6. A 7. A . 8. D 9. B 10. C
c 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B S. B 9. A 10. C
11. A 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. E 19. E 20. A 11. E 12. E 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. E 19. D 20. B
21. E 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. E 21. C 22. C 23. E 24. D 25. B 26. E 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. E
31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. E 37.4 D 38. A 39. C 40. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. E 35. E 36. C 37.4 B 38. D 39. E 40. D
41. B 42. C 43. E 44. A 45. D 46. D 7. E 48. B 49. A 50. D 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. E 45. A 46. D 7. E 48. A 49. C 50. C
51. E 52. B 53. A 54. E 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. E 59. B 60. D 51. E 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. A
61. C 62. E 63. B 64. D 65. A 66. E 67. C 68. A 69. D 70. C 61. D 62. D 63. E 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. E 68. A 69. A" T0TF
71. A 72. C 73. E 74. A 75. B 76. C 77. D 78. E 79. E 80. C 71. C 72. E 73. E 74. B 75. A 76. D 77. B 78. E 79. C SO.'B
81. B 82. A 83. D 84. E 85. D 86. A 87. E 88. C 89. B 90. B 81. A 82. B S3. D 84. C 85. B S6. A 87. D 88. E S9. B 90."A
91. D 92. E 93. A 94. B 95. C 96. E 97. E 98. D 99. A 100. C 91. D 92. D 93. C 94. E 95. A 96. B 97. E 9S. C 99. D 100. E
101. E 102. D 103. D 104. B 105. E 106. D 107. A 108. E 109. C 110. B 101. B 102. A 103. D 104. D 105. E 106. A 107. C 108. C 109. B 110. A
28 DELS ELS _I29
 TEST YOURSELF 9
■•'. "'

'•'""" TEST YOURSELF 6

1. E ',;':2.-: D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B 1. E 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C S. E 9. D 10. D 1
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. E 15. A 16. C 17. E 18. A 19. E 20. D 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. E 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. C
21. A 22. C 23. E 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. E 21. A 22. C 23. E 24. D 25. E 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. E
31. C 32. E 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. D 37.4 C 38. A 39. E 40. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. E 37.4 A 3S. B 39. E 40. C
41. E 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. C 7. D 48. A 49. B 50. A 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. D 7. E 48. C 49. D 50. A
51. D 52. B 53. C 54. E 55. E 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. C 60. D 51. B 52. E 53. D 54. E 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. E 59. B 60. D
61. B 62. A 63. C 64. B 65. D 66. A 67. E 68. E 69. A 70. B 61. A 62. C 63. E 64. A 65. B 66. C 67. A 6S. B 69. E 70. D
71. D 72. C 73. B 74. A 75. E 76. E 77. B 78. D 79. D 80. E 71. C 72. B 73. A 74. D 75. C 76. E 77. E 78. A 79. D 80. C
81. C 82. B 83. A 84. E 85. B 86. D 87. A 88. B 89. C 90. D 81. D 82. E 83. A 84. A 85. D 86. B 87. C 8S. C S9. A 90. B
91. E 92. B 93. C 94. A 95. E. 96. B 97. B 98. A 99. D 100. D 91. D 92. C 93. B 94. E 95. B 96. D 97. A 98. E 99. C 100. D
101. A 102. E 103. B 104. A 105. C 106. C 107. E 108. D 109. B 110. C 101. B 102. A 103. A 104. C 105. E 106. E 107. B 108. D 109. E 110. C

.^-■Sv,"*
"-, • '»'." . "- TEST YOURSELF 7 TEST YOURSELF 10
1. C 2. D -
3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. E 8. B 9. A 10. C l.C 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. E 9. D 10. A

11. E 12. B 13. E 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C 11. B 12. E 13. E 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. E
21. B 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. E 29. B 30. A 21. E 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. C
31. A 32. E 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C 37.4 B 38. D 39. C 40. E 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. E 37.4 A 38. B 39. E 40. E
41. E 42. C 43. A 44. E 45. D 46. E 7. E 48. B 49. E 50. B 41. A 42. C 43. E 44. B 45. C 46. D 7. E 48. C 49. C 50. B
51. E 52. D 53. D 54. B 55. E 56. A 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. A 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. E 55. E 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. C
61. B 62. B 63. E 64. D 65. E 66. B 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. D 61. A 62. D 63. B 64. A 65. A 66. C 67. D 68. B 69. A 70. E
71. A 72. B 73. D 74. C 75. B 76. A 77. E 78. B 79. C 80. C 71. C 72. E 73. A 74. D 75. B 76. B 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. A
81. E 82. D 83. E 84. B 85. E 86. E 87. A 88. D 89. B 90. C 81. E 82. D 83. C 84. C 85. B 86. E 87. A 88. D 89. B 90. B
91. A 92. A 93. B 94. E 95. A 96. B 97. D 98. E 99. D 100. A 91. D 92. C 93. E 94. E 95. A 96. B 97. D 98. C 99. A 100. E
101. E 102. C 103. D 104. A 105. B 106. C 107. E 108. E 109. B 110. D 101. B 102. B 103. C 104. D 105. E 106. C 107. B 108. A 109. D 110. B

V TEST YOURSELF 8 V / -** * TEST YOURSELF 11 (PART ONE)

1. B 2. E 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. E 7. C 8. E 9. D 10. A 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. E

11. E 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. E 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. E 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. E 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. E 20. D
21. C 22. C 23. D 24. E 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 21. E 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. E 29. A 30. B
31. D 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. E 37.4 D 38. B 39. E 40. C 31. D 32. A 33. E 34. C 35. D 36. E 37.4 A 38. B 39. E 40. C
41. A 42. B 43. E 44. A 45. C 46. D 7. E 48. C 49. D 50. B 41. A 42. B 43. D 44. E 45. C 46. B 7. E 48. C 49. C .. -£0^ı_
51. D 52. E 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. B 57. E 58. D 59. B 60. C 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. E 55. A 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. B.. -M,_C._
61. E
71. C
62. D
72. B
63. A
73. A
64. E
74. D
65. A
75. C
66. C
76. B
67. D
77. E
68. B
78. A
69. A
79. E
70. E
80. A
61. E
71. C
62. D
72. E
63. C
73. A
64. A
74. D
65. A
75. C
66. C
76. B
67. D
77. E
68. E
78. A
69. A
79. E
70,,£.-
80, -P,
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81. D 82. C 83. B 84. C 85. C 86. A 87. B 88. D 89. B 90. E 81. E 82. D 83. D 84. C . 85. B S6. A 87. A 88. D 89. B 90..-E ;
91. A 92. C 93. E 94. D 95. A 96. C 97. B 98. E 99. D 100. A
91. A 92. C 93. E 94. E 95. D 96. D 97. A 98. B 99. C 100. C
j
101. B 102. E 103. D 104. A 105. A 106. C 107. D 108. E 109. C 110. A 101. C [02. C 103. B 104. E 105. E 106. D 107. E 10S. A 109. C 110, B , i
30 JELS !
ELS J 31 ;
 TEST YOURSELF 11 (PART TWO)
1. 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. E 10. E
c
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. E 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D
21. E 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. E 28. A 29. D 30. D
31. A 32. E 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. A 37.4 A 38. B 39. C 40. A
41. D 42. B 43. E 44. A 45. C 46. D 7. E 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. B 52. A 53. D 54. E 55. E 56. A 57. B 58. E 59. D 60. C
61. E 62. E 63. B 64. A 65. A 66. C 67. D 68. B 69. B 70. E
71. D 72. B 73. A 74. D 75. C 76. B 77. E 78. A 79. E 80. D
81. E 82. C 83. D 84. B 85. E 86. D 87. A 88. D 89. B 90. B
91. A 92. C 93. E 94. E 95. D 96. A 97. B 98. C 99. E 100. C
101 B 102. D 103. A 104. C 105. C 106. E 107. D 108. B 109. C 110. A
.
TEST YOURSELF 12
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. E 9. D 10. B
11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. E 16. E 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D
21. E 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C
31. D 32. A 33. E 34. C 35. D 36. A 37.4 B 38. B 39. E 40. E -
41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. C 7. E 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. B 52. E 53. D 54. E 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. E 59. D 60. A
61. C 62. D 63. E 64. A 65. A 66. B 67. D 68. B 69. A 70. E
71. C 72. A 73. B 74. D 75. E 76. B 77. C 78. A 79. E 80. B
81. E 82. C 83. A 84. C 85. B 86. D 87. A 88. D 89. B 90. C
91. A 92. C 93. E 94. B 95. D 96. E 97. A 98. C 99. C 100. E
101 D 102. E 103. B 104. B 105. A 106. C 107. D 108. E 109. B 110. C
.

32 JELS