Fundamentals of

Information Technology
Section 2 (Network Fundamentals)
 IP Network Definition

 IP Network : it’s group of components that

are connected together to provide services.
 IP Network Importance

 Data sharing :
• Ease of sharing files, data, and information.
• Ease of sharing expensive resources like devices.

 Virtual reality sharing

• Voice call at lower cost.
• Video sharing and calling.
• Smell technology.
• Taste sharing technology.

 Internet Of Things (IOT)

 IP Network Components

1 End devices
• Computers, phones, cameras, TVs, printers, ….etc.
• It’s main component, because it’s source of the
network applications(protocols).
 Network Applications (Protocols)

 HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

• Used for browsing.

 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

• Used for upload and download for huge files.
 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
• Used for sending E-mails.
 POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)
• Used for retrieve E-mails.
 Telnet
• Used for remote Login (remote configuration).
 IP Network Components

2 Network devices (Intermediate devices)

• Used to connect End devices together.
• Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, Router, Modem,
Wireless Access Point, firewall,
NIC (Network Interface Card),
IPS (Intrusion Prevention System),
and IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
 IP Network Components

3 Connectivity
• Used to connect End devices and Network devices.
• Copper cables.
• Fiber cables.
• Wireless.
 Network Topology

 Topology : how component are connected together.

1 Point to Point Topology

• Connect PC to PC by cable.
 Network Topology

2 Ring Topology
• Connect some PCs by cables in close circle.

 Disadvantages :
• It is possible not to send the data directly.
• The number of cards required is double
the number of computers.
 Network Topology

3 Mesh Topology
• Connect some PCs by cables, each PC has its own
connections to all other PCs with more protection.
 Disadvantages :
• The number of cards and cables required is very large.
𝑛(𝑛−1)
• Number of Cables = .
2
• 𝑛: numbers of PCs.
 Network Topology

4 Bus Topology
• One send and all receive.

 Disadvantages :
• Shared data.
• If more than one PC sends data at the
same time, it causes data collision.
 Network Topology

5 Star Topology
• Connect some PCs by cables and centralize device.

 Centralize device :
• It’s intermediate device.
1. Hub.
2. Switch.
 Physical Topology vs Logical Topology

 Physical Topology : Star Topology  Physical Topology : Star Topology

 Logical Topology : Bus Topology  Logical Topology : Mesh Topology
 Network Types

1 LAN (Local Area Network)

• It’s a group of components that are connected
together in local area.
 Network Types

2 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

• It’s a group of LANs in a large geographical
area between 5 to 50 kilometers in range (same city).

3 WAN (Wide Area Network)

• It’s a group of LANs between cities, countries, and
continents.
 Network Types

 WANs and MANs should use service provider in between

LANs.
 LAN and WAN cards

• Ethernet Card : 10 Mb/s

• Fast Ethernet Card : 100 Mb/s

• Giga Ethernet Card : 1 Gb/s

• Wireless Ethernet Card : up to 1 Gb/s
 The maximum distance = 100 meter.

WAN cards
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Card : public WAN (internet).
• HDLC
 WAN cards are More distances, and less speeds than LAN cards.
Thank You