Course Code: ENG 158

Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE Materials:

Lesson Objectives: SAS
At the end of this module, learners are expected to: References:
1. Give the nine elements of literature; Robinson (2019). The 9 Literary Elements You’ll Find in
Every Story. PrepScholar. Retrieved from
2. Differentiate the elements from one another; https://blog.prepscholar.com/literary-elements-list-
examples
3. Identify the literary element present in a text; and Mmcgee (2018). Elements of Literature. Retrieved
4. Create a story and incorporates the ideas of character, from
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5b32699ec94c55001
setting, plot, conflict, resolution, and theme. a963633/elements-of-literature
1. /www.ereadingworksheets.com

Productivity Tip: Work during your peak productivity. Pay attention to when you are most alert during
the day or even the night.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction
Take a minute and imagine building a house. What are some of the things that you
would absolutely have to include in order to make a house? Some of those non-negotiable elements
are a roof, walls, a kitchen, and a bathroom. If you didn't have these elements, you wouldn't have a
house. Heck, you might not even have a building!

A literary element's definition is similar. Literary elements are the things that all literature—
whether it's a news article, a book, or a poem—absolutely must have. In this module, we will learn
the nine elements of literature.

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1

Do you know the elements in literature? Try answering the questions below by writing your ideas
under the first column What I Know. It’s okay if you write key words or phrases that you think are
related to the questions.
What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)
1. What are the elements of
literature?
2. What is the purpose of the
elements in literature?
3. How does elements in
literature help in understanding
the text better?
Great! Now, let’s us discover the nine literary elements we’ll find in every story.

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 Course Code: ENG 158
Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

B. MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 2: Content Notes

Nine Literary Elements

Literary elements are the fundamental building blocks of writing, and they play an important
role in helping us write, read, and understand literature.

1. LANGUAGE
The most important literary element is language. Language is defined as a system of communicating
ideas and feelings through signs, sounds, gestures, and/or marks. Language is the way we share
ideas with one another, whether it's through speech, text, or even performance!

2. PLOT
The plot of a work is defined as the sequence of events that occurs from the first line to the last. In
other words, the plot is what happens in a story.
• Beginning/Exposition: This is the very beginning of a story. During the exposition, authors
usually introduce the major characters and settings to the reader.
• Conflict: Just like in real life, the conflict of a story is the problem that the main characters must
tackle.
• Rising Action: Rising action is literally everything that happens in a story that leads up to the
climax of the plot. Usually this involves facing and conquering minor conflicts, which is what
keeps the plot moving forward. More importantly, writers use rising action to build tension that
comes to a head during the plot's climax.
• Climax: The climax is the part of the story where the characters finally must face and solve the
major conflict. This is the "peak" of the plot where all the tension of the rising action finally comes
to a head. You can usually identify the climax by figuring out which part of the story is the
moment where the hero will either succeed or totally fail.
• Falling Action: Falling action is everything that happens after the book's climax but before the
resolution. This is where writers tie up any loose ends and start bringing the book's action to a
close.
• Resolution/Denouement: This is the conclusion of a story. But just because it's called a
"resolution" doesn't mean every single issue is resolved happily—or even satisfactorily.

3. MOOD
The mood is defined as the emotion or feeling that readers get from reading the words on a page.

4. SETTING
Setting is defined simply as the time and location in which the story takes place.

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 Course Code: ENG 158
Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

5. THEMES
Sometimes theme is described as the main idea of a work...but more accurately, themes
are any ideas that appear repeatedly throughout a text.

6. Point of View
Point of view is the perspective from which the story is told. It helps us better understand the
characters in a story.
• First person: This is told by one of the characters of the story from their perspective. You can
easily identify first-person points of view by looking for first-person pronouns, like "I," "you," and
"my."
• Second person: second-person point of view happens when the audience is made a character
in the story. In this instance, the narrator uses second person pronouns, like "you" and "your."
• Third person limited: this is when the narrator is removed from the story and tells it from an
outside perspective. To do this, the narrator uses pronouns like "he," "she," and "they" to refer
to the characters in the story. In a third person limited point of view, this narrator focuses on
the story as it surrounds one character
• Third person omniscient: in this point of view, the narrator still uses third-person
pronouns...but instead of being limited to one character, the narrator can always tell readers
what’s happening with all characters. It's almost like the narrator is God: they can see all, hear
all, and explain all!

7. NARRATOR
All literature has a narrator, even if that narrator isn't named or an active part of the plot. The same
is true for the narrator of a book or poem, too. The narrator helps make sense of the plot for the
reader. It's their job to explain, describe, and even dramatically reveal plot points to the audience.

8. CONFLICT
A conflict is the central struggle that motivates the characters and leads to a work's climax.
Generally, conflict occurs between the protagonist, or hero, and the antagonist, or villain...but it can
also exist between secondary characters, man and nature, social structures, or even between the
hero and his own mind.

9. CHARACTERS
A piece of literature must have at least one character, which can be a person, an object, or an animal.
• The protagonist of a work is its main character.
• Antagonists, on the other hand, are the characters that oppose the protagonist in some way.

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 Course Code: ENG 158
Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities

Let’s practice! Answer the exercise to learn more about the topic.

EXERCISE 1
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The main character. A. antagonist
2. The story’s time and place. B. climax
3. The sequence of events in a story. C. conflict
4. The one that opposes the main character. D. mood
5. The perspective from which the story is told. E. plot
6. Part of the story which creates tension and suspense. F. point of view
7. Any ideas that appear repeatedly throughout a text. G. protagonist
8. The emotion or feeling that readers get from reading H. rising action
the words on a page.
9. The central struggle that motivates the characters and I. setting
leads to a work's climax.
10. Part of the story where the characters finally must ‘J. themes
face and solve the major conflict.

EXERCISE 2
Directions: Read each passage of the following passages and identify the narrators’ point of view.
Shade in the appropriate bubble.
a) first-person c) third-person limited
b) second-person d) third-person omniscient

__________1. Lone Wolves and Other Frontier Tales by S. Goodson

Red looked across the prairie. He didn't see anything concerning. He wondered why Texas Joe had
hollered like that. Texas Joe turned to him. The ghost that Texas Joe had just seen was gone. Texas
Joe swatted at the air. Now he felt crazy. "You have to believe me, Red. It was just here," said Texas
Joe. Red scowled at him in disbelief. "What was just here, Joe?" he asked. Red was angry with Texas
Joe for disturbing his sleep for no apparent reason.

__________2. Date Match by Scott Waterlog

Diego looked over the edge. He thought about how far the ground was. The wind gusted. Whitney
turned to him and said, "It's beautiful up here, huh?" Diego could not think about beauty. All he
could think about was not falling off the edge. He said, "Yeah, Whitney, it really is beautiful. Hey,
how long do you want to stay up here?" Whitney laughed and said, "Let's stay up here the rest of
our lives!" Diego grimaced. He was afraid that this scenario was all too likely.
__________3. Sugar Fever: The Candy Wars by Douglass Wimperford

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 Course Code: ENG 158
Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

We stared at the Bubblegum Fortress from the mouth of the Cotton Candy Woods. The gumdrop
soldiers were scurrying atop their sugar-coated ramparts. I wouldn't be surprised if someone had
tipped them off. Chet Eagle approached me and said, "What now, Commander Candy?" I thought
about it for a second. "Well, they get better prepared with each passing second, so let's attack now."
Chet Eagle bowed and said, "As you wish, Commander Candy."

__________4. To Make French Toast: First, take out a skillet to cook and turn the stove on low. Second,
you will melt the butter in the pan and stir it with a spatula. Third, beat the eggs. Fourth, lay the
bread, white or wheat, on both sides in the eggs. Fifth, sit the bread on top of butter for 30 seconds
and then turn over. Now you have a slice of French toast, repeat. a) first-person b) second-person
c) third-person objective d) third-person limited e) third-person omniscient

__________5. “Do you love candy?” I asked my friend Roxis. I always make friends with other people.

__________6. “You should just go somewhere. You ruined our relationship, and I don’t want to talk to
you anymore,” Bertha said to Mitchell as he begged her for forgiveness, “But, Bertha, you are the
best girl in the world. You make my dreams come true.” Bertha ignored his pleas.

__________7. Daniel Will Be OK by Betty Dogwood

Daniel was nervous about going to Patricia's birthday party. He was afraid that he wouldn't know
anyone but Patricia, and she would be so busy with her guests. "Mom, I don't want to go to the
party." Daniel's mother furrowed her brow and said, "Daniel, we already told her we'd be there. We
bought her a present. We have to go and give it to her." Daniel shook his head. He still didn't want
to go. His mom put her hand on his shoulder.

__________8. Some dark night Shelly said, “I hate squirrels,” but really she loved them. Carol said,
“They smell,” but really, she loved them too. Both of them thought that squirrels were pretty cute.

__________9. Tumbleweed by Scotty Prost

Butch dug his spurs into his horse and she kicked up dust. "Giddy up!" he said. I was riding right
behind him, but I was a much less capable rider. "Butch, could you wait up for me?" I asked. He
didn't. I kicked my horse and tried to get her to move faster. She whinnied and bucked me off her.
As I landed with my posterior in a mud puddle, Butch laughed. Then he kept riding. "Butch!" I
shouted, "Wait up!" He didn't.

__________10. When I went to the store, I witnessed a girl crying on the street and I took a closer look
and saw it was my friend. I walked to where she was and asked her what was wrong. She said,
“Family problems.” Being a good friend, I told her to call me later if she wanted to talk about it.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 Course Code: ENG 158
Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

EXERCISE 3: PLOT THE STORY

Directions: Reread one of your favorite stories and summarize it using the format below.

TITLE:

Beginning/
Exposition

Rising Action:

Climax:

Falling
action:

Resolution/
Denouement:

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2

It’s time to answer the questions in the What I Know chart in Activity 1. Put your answers in the table
3.

4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding

Directions: Create your own story and incorporate the ideas of character, setting, plot,
conflict, resolution, and theme. Here are the steps:
1. Students name and define a main character and supporting characters.
2. Students choose a setting – place, time, and duration.
3. Students choose a theme, such as friendship, bullying, or overcoming adversity.
4. Students decide on the conflict.
5. Students decide how their conflict will be resolved.
6. Students add more plot events.
7. Students write their own stories from the story elements they have listed.

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 Course Code: ENG 158
Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

The output will be graded using the following criteria:

Criteria 4 3 2 1
All information Most of the Some of the Only few of the
Content presented is complete information presented information presented information presented
(40%) and correct. is complete and is complete and is complete and correct.
correct. correct.
Organizes and develops Develops and Develops and Ideas are not ordered.
ideas in a clear and organizes clear ideas. organizes simple ideas.
coherent manner. Idea and details are There is somehow an
Organization
There is a good flow of sequential and order of main idea and
(30%)
ideas from topic appropriate. details or sequence.
sentence and details or
sequence.
No errors in agreement, Few errors in Some errors in Many errors in
number, tense, spelling, agreement, number, agreement, number, agreement, number,
Mechanics
punctuation and tense, and minor errors tense, and few errors in tense, spelling,
(20%)
capitalization. in spelling, punctuation spelling, punctuation punctuation and
and capitalization. and capitalization. capitalization.
Neatness The final output is very The final output is neat. The final output is neat The final output is not
(10%) neat. to some extent. neat.

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning
A. Work Tracker
You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just
completed.

B. Think about your Learning

What were the important things discussed? ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Are there questions/clarifications you want to ask with your teacher? _________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 Course Code: ENG 158
Student Module #2
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

FAQs
1. Do poems have plots?
Yes! They tend to be a little less dense, but even poems have things that happen in them.

2. Is point of view an important literary element?

Yes, for two reasons.
First, it helps us better understand the characters in a story. For example, a first-person point of view lets
readers get to know the main character in detail, since they experience the main character's thoughts,
feelings, and actions.
Second, point of view establishes a narrator, or a character whose job it is to tell the story.

3. Why are the elements of literature important?

All the elements in literature are essential in making an exciting narrative to the readers. They play an
important role in helping us write, read, and understand literature.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
EXERCISE 1
1. G 6. H
2. I 7. J
3. E 8. D
4. A 9. C
5. F 10. B

EXERCISE 2
1. D 6. D
2. C 7. C
3. A 8. D
4. B 9. A
5. A 10. A

EXERCISE 3
Answers may vary.

Activity 5: Check for Understanding

Essay. Ideas may vary.

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