PRACTICAL FILE OF

ITTW

SUBMITTED BY- SANKALP SHARMA(15202610053)

SUBMITTED TO- Ms. MEENAKSHI BHARDWAJ .

DATED-07-06-2021 PRACTICAL NO.-2
PRINTERS
A printer is a hardware output device that is used to generate hard copy
and print any document. A document can be of any type such as a text
file, image, or the combination of both. It accepts input command by
users on a computer or on other devices to print the documents. For
example, if you have to submit a project report at your college, you need
to create a soft copy of your report and print it with the help of the
printer. Printers are one of the common computer peripheral devices that
can be classified into two categories that are 2D and 3D printers. The 2D
printers are used to print text and graphics on a paper, and 3D printers
are used to create three dimensional physical objects

TYPES OF PRINTERS-
 Impact printer-The impact printer is the oldest type of printer.
They used the oldest technology for printing. The impact printer
works like a typewriter machine .It prints character and graphics
through striking a print hammer or set of pins against an inked
ribbon. The ink is pressed by ink ribbon on the paper to create
output. The impact printers are very cheap they usually used where
low-cost printing is required. They produced lots of noise during
printing. There are different types of impact printers are used.
Different types of impact printer are
1. DOT-MATRIX PRINTERS
2. DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS
3. LINE PRINTERS

1. DOT-MATRIX PRINTERS-The technology behind dot-matrix printing is

quite simple. The paper is pressed against a drum (a rubber-coated
cylinder) and is intermittently pulled forward as printing progresses. The
electromagnetically-driven print head moves across the paper and strikes
the printer ribbon situated between the paper and print head pin. The
impact of the print head against the printer ribbon imprints ink dots on the
paper which form human-readable characters.
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Dot-matrix printers vary in print resolution and overall quality with either 9 or
24-pin print heads. The more pins per inch, the higher the print resolution.
Most dot-matrix printers had a maximum resolution around 240 dpi (dots per
inch). While this resolution is not as high as those possible in laser or Inkjet
printers, there is one distinct advantage to dot-matrix (or any form of impact)
printing. Because the print head strikes the surface of the paper with enough
force to embed characters on the page, it is ideal for environments that
frequently print on carbon copy, special multi-sheeted documents with carbon
on the underside that will create a mark on the sheet underneath it when
enough pressure is applied. Retailers and small businesses often use carbon
copy as receipts or bills of sale.
2. DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS-If you have ever seen or worked with a manual
typewriter before, then you understand the technological concept behind
daisy-wheel printers. These types of printers have print heads composed of
multi-plated metallic or plastic wheels cut into petals. Each petal has a letter
(in capital and lower-case), number, or punctuation mark on it that is raised.
When the petal is struck against the printer ribbon, the resulting letter is
embedded in ink onto the paper. Daisy-wheel printers are loud and slow.
They cannot print graphics, cannot change fonts unless the wheel is physically
replaced with a wheel of a different font, and are generally not used in
modern computing environments. However, Red Hat Linux does include the
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS), which has a comprehensive printer
compatibility list in case your environment requires use of daisy-wheel
printers.

3. LINE PRINTERS-Another type of impact printer somewhat related to

daisy-wheel is the line printer, which has multiple columns of characters lined
up instead of a pedaled wheel. As the roller moves the paper forward one
line, the appropriate characters strike a ribbon onto the paper, causing an
entire line to be printed at one time, rather than one character or area of
text. Line printers are much faster than dot-matrix or daisy-wheel printing;
however, they are quite loud and produce lower print quality.

There are different types of line printers-

1. Band or drum Printers-A drum printer is a large, cylindrical drum that has raised
characters on its surface in strips .The number of print positions over the drum is equal
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to the number on the paper. Usually, the number ranges from 80-132 print positions
.The drum rotates at a strong speed. A print hammer is placed behind the paper for each
possible print position. Those hammers hit the paper against the proper character on
the drum as it moves along the ink ribbon. Pressing each line requires one drum
revolution. Typical drum printer speeds are between 300 and 2000 lines per minute.
2. Chain Printers - A chain printer uses a print chain, wrapped around two pulleys. Like
the drum printer, every print location has one hammer. Circuitry within the printer can
detect when the correct character appears on the page at the appropriate print spot.
The hammer then hits the sheet, pressing the paper against a ribbon, and at the desired
print place the character is placed. The page left an impression of the character. The
chain continues to rotate until all the print positions needed on the line have been filled.
The page then goes up to the next line to print. Chain printer speeds vary between 400
and 2500 characters per minute.

 NON IMPACT PRINTER- Non-impact printer prints graphics and

character on paper without striking a paper. This printer used
different technologies to print characters like laser technology,
some used spray ink and while others used to heat and pressure to
produce output. These printers provide batter quality than impact
printer. They produce no noise during printing .There are mint
types of non-impact printers are available. 

Different types of non impact printers are

1. INK-JET PRINTERS
2. LASER PRINTERS
3. THERMAL PRINTERS
4. PLOTTERS

1. INK-JET PRINTERS- The inkjet printer is the first and most common
type. They are still commonly used though a bit outdated since they are
fairly priced. Their greatest advantage is that they can effortlessly combine
different colors. While laser printers are quicker, inkjet printers give the
best picture and image quality. Versatility is another reason to choose an
inkjet printer. Inkjet can print on a wide range of media as opposed to
other types of printers. You can print on a specially designed canvas for
example. Plus, you can print on various paper sizes, from banner size to
anything else.
2. LASER PRINTERS- The majority of laser printers use light,
photosensitive drums, or photoreceptor belts. The source of light emitted
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from the laser shaft draws the image onto a spinning drum or photo-
receptor plate. During printing the laser will scan page line by line. There
are four laser printer subtypes available, including monochrome, strong
ink, single coloring, and four coloring. The generally accepted writing
method is black and white lasers, which offer content in black text. The
users who only print pictures from time to time would probably use the
laser color printer.
3. THERMAL PRINTERS- A thermal printer is a printer that makes use of
heat in order to produce the image on paper. Due to quality of print, speed,
and technological advances it has become increasingly popular and is
mostly used in airline, banking, entertainment, retail, grocery, and
healthcare industries. Thermal printing does not make use of ink or toner
unlike many other printing forms but largely depends on thermal papers
for producing the images. They are also quiet popular in creating labels
owing to speed of printing.

4. PLOTTERS- A plotter printer is a term for printers that are used for
printing vector graphics. A computer hardware device that uses stationery
writing tools to draw continuous lines on media papers rather than a series
of dots like a traditional toner printer. Plotter printers are more
sophisticated because they produce high-quality drawings as they print.
Best use to print blueprints, maps and diagrams. These printers are used
with a computer design application to product line drawings much faster
with more accuracy, best for graphic creative businesses such as
architecture, engineering designs and other CAD drawings .