READING PASSAGE 1

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.

The struggle to have eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation and eight hours for rest was

the origin of International Workers' Day, which is also referred to as May Day or Labor Day. The

celebration COMMEMORATES the Haymarket Massacre in Chicago in 1886, when Chicago police shoot

workers who were striking to establish the eight-hour day. Many workers died in the event.

INTERNATIONAL WORKERS’ DAY

Historically, the first congress of the Second International, which was an organization of socialist

and labor parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889, called for international demonstrations on the

1890 anniversary of the Chicago protests. In 1891, the Second International recognized May Day as an

annual event. In 1904, Social Democratic Party organizations and trade unions of all countries were

called on to demonstrate actively on May First to establish eight hours of work a day and to get

workers’ rights. Unions of all countries were urged to go on strike on May 1, wherever it is

possible without injury to the workers.

Most countries celebrate International Workers' Day on May 1st, except in the United States and

Canada, where Labor Day is held in September. Millions of working people and their labor unions, all

over the world, organize street demonstrations and street marches. Several countries celebrate the

day with parades, shows and other patriotic and labor-oriented events. Governments are urged to

readjust salaries and wages and to acknowledge workers’ rights to strike and hold unions.

Questions 1 – 6

Choose from the letter A,B,C or D that corresponds to the correct answer.

Write the LETTER ONLY.

1.Based on the information in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that _____.

A. The Chicago policemen are the main suspect for the massacre.

B. We can also consider the title as May Day or Labor Day.

C. The Haymarket Massacre was the root of International Workers' Day.

D. Fighting for freedom and justice was the main concern at that time.

2.In the specific context of the passage, the meaning of the word COMMEMORATE in Paragraph 1 are the

following EXCEPT?

A. Celebrate
B. Revive

C. Memorialize

D. Remember

3.According to paragraph 2, all of the following are generally assumed to be true EXCEPT?

A. A Paris-based institution held a peaceful protest to give respect to the Chicago event in 1890 on a global scale.

B. Around the world, unions went on strike, which probably resulted in a high number of injured people.

C. Labor Day was officially regarded as a yearly event.

D. The Second International congress initiates some acts to pay tribute to workers.

4.The author's use of the phrase " wherever it is possible without injury to the workers " in

Paragraph 2 expresses the idea that ___?

A. Being injured on a strike is a part of the demonstrations.

B. They are aware that it is most likely to get injured on a strike.

C. Some acts of remembering the workers’ day can also be harmful to other unions.

D. All of the above.

5.According to the last paragraph, what is implied about International Worker’s Day? )

A. Other countries have different dates for the celebration.

B. May Day is celebrated globally in May.

C. Some other countries celebrated this event with parades and labor-related events.

D. Governments consider holding unions and acknowledge worker’s rights.

6.What type of text is the passage about?

A. Humanities

B. Natural Sciences

C. Biology

D. Literature

READING PASSAGE 2

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.

Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug use. It is a habit which consists of

breathing in smoke from a burned substance. This substance contains the active alkaloid nicotine

which is absorbed into the bloodstream. It may cause various diseases and dysfunctions. Tobacco

smoking is the most popular form of smoking. It is practiced by over one billion people globally, of

whom the majority are in the developing world. Less common drugs for smoking include cannabis and

opium. Some of the substances are classified as hard narcotics, like heroin, but the use of these
substances is very limited as they are usually not commercially available.

HISTORY OF SMOKING

The practice of smoking can be dated to as early as 5000 BC and has been recorded in many different

cultures across the world. Early smoking evolved in association with religious ceremonies; as

offerings to deities, in cleansing rituals or to allow shamans and priests to alter their minds for

various religious purposes. After the European exploration and conquest of the Americas, the

practice of smoking tobacco quickly spread to the rest of the world.

SMOKING AND HEALTH PROBLEMS

Smoking has negative health effects because smoke inhalation inherently poses challenges to various

physiologic processes such as respiration. Diseases related to tobacco smoking have been shown to

kill approximately half of the permanent smokers when compared to average mortality rates faced by

non-smokers. A 2007 report states that, each year, about 4.9 million people worldwide die as a

result of smoking. It is among the leading causes of many diseases such as lung cancer, heart

attacks, erectile dysfunction, and congenital disorders. The health hazards of smoking have caused

many countries to institute high taxes on tobacco products, run ads to discourage use, limit ads

that promote use, and provide help with quitting for those who do smoke.

Questions 1 – 5

Match the words in letters [A – E ] with the correct descriptions in numbers [1 - 5].

Write the LETTER ONLY.

A. Nicotine

B. Tobacco

C. Cannabis

D. Heroin

E. Smoking

1.A type of hard drug.

2.One of the main reasons for birth defects.

3.A substance that can lead to problems in parts of the body.

4.A less widely used drug.

5.The most common smoking drug.

Question 6 – 10:

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS FROM THE PASSAGE in each blank.

6. A great number of smokers generally acquired from _________.

7. Smoking was originally linked with _________ practices.

8. As a result of smoking, _________ is adversely affected.

9. Nearly 50% of long-term smokers face death because of _________ caused by smoking habit.

10. High rates of taxes are imposed on _________ in several nations.

READING PASSAGE 3

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.

The Spanish flu, also known as the 1918 flu pandemic, was a deadly pandemic in recent history. It

spread worldwide during the year 1918-1919. The virus infected 500 million people – about a third of

the world's population at the time. The death toll was estimated to be at least 50 million

worldwide, possibly as high as 100 million. This makes it the severest pandemic in human history.

WHAT CAUSED THE SPANISH FLU?

The outbreak of the Spanish flu was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. Historians

now believe that World War I could have been partly responsible for spreading the virus. Lack of

hygiene and malnourishment may have also been responsible for weakening the immune system. For

example, a 2007 analysis of medical journals from the period of the pandemic found that the viral

infection was no more aggressive than previous influenza strains. Instead, malnourishment,

overcrowded medical camps and hospitals, and poor hygiene, all became worst by the recent war,

promoted bacterial super infection.

WHERE DID THE SPANISH FLU START?

There is no agreement about the origin of the virus. The 1918 flu was first observed in Europe, the

United States, and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. It is believed that

censorship was the main reason why this pandemic was referred to as the Spanish flu. To maintain

morale, World War I censors minimized early reports of illness and mortality in Germany, the United

Kingdom, France, and the United States. However, newspapers were free to report the epidemic's

effects in neutral Spain, such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII, and these stories created

a false impression of Spain as especially hard hit. This gave rise to the name 'Spanish flu'.

Historical and epidemiological data are inadequate to identify with certainty the pandemic's

geographic origin, with varying views as to its location.

Nearly a century after the Spanish flu struck, the World Health Organization [WHO] called on

scientists, national authorities and the media to follow best practices in naming new human

infectious diseases to minimize unnecessary negative effects on nations, economies, and people. More

modern terms for this virus include the "1918 influenza pandemic," the "1918 flu pandemic," or

variations of these.

SPANISH FLU VS CORONAVIRUS

Like the Spanish flu, the coronavirus can easily spread by close contact between people and quickly

spread worldwide. There are however major differences.

Both diseases are respiratory infections with common symptoms. Yet, they belong to different

families of viruses. The groups affected by the two diseases differ. The coronavirus is more

threatening to elderly people and those with pre-existing medical conditions. By contrast, the

Spanish flu was most deadly for young adults.

During the Spanish flu, scientists couldn't isolate the particular virus type that caused the

pandemic as quickly as it should have been. Nowadays, with much more advanced scientific knowledge,

the coronavirus was easily detected and vaccines are being developed by groups of scientists

worldwide.

The measures to stop the effect of the Spanish flu such as isolation, quarantine, use of

disinfectants, and social distancing, were applied UNEVENLY. The Coronavirus pandemic, however,

forced most countries of the world to follow these measures.

Questions 1 - 7

Choose from the letter A,B,C or D that corresponds to the correct answer.

Write the LETTER ONLY.

1. Which is NOT a possible factor for the Spanish flu outbreak?

A. World War I

B. weakened genes

C. poor cleanliness

D. lack of food

2. What is NOT true about the Spanish flu?

A. It is caused by infection with a bird related virus.

B. It caused deaths to more than ten percent of infected people.

C. It is not caused by the most aggressive strain of avian viruses.

D. It is not affected by poor conditions caused by the World War I.

3. Why did the flu has its name “Spanish flu”?

A. The flu originally started in Spain and then spread worldwide.

B. The epidemic’s effects were the most severe in Spain which impressed the community.

C. The press guided the public attention toward Spain when reporting the disease.

D. The epidemiological data about the disease were collected by Spanish scientists.

4. Why did the World War I try to minimize reports about the disease in Germany, the U.K, France,

and the U.S?

A. To keep the enthusiasm and confidence of these countries in the war.

B. To maintain harmony standards when reporting related information to these countries.

C. To prevent the disease news from spreading quickly during the war time.

D. To make people believe that the disease in these countries was not as severe as in Spain.

5. How are the Spanish flu and Coronavirus similar?

A. They are infectious diseases which mostly affect young people.

B. They caused problems to the respiratory and digestive system.

C. They are highly contagious and cause similar respiratory problems.

D. They are caused by the same strain of dangerous avian virus.

6. What does the word UNEVENLY in the last paragraph most likely mean?

A. unequally

B. incompletely

C. impractically

D. unhelpfully

7. What type of text is the passage?

A.scientific article

B.academic essay about pandemic

C.Informal blog about health

D.short story about the past.

Questions 8 -11

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

T if the statement agrees with the information

F if the statement contradicts with the information

NG if there is no information on this

Write the LETTER ONLY.

8. The Spanish flu is the most serious and worrying pandemic at that time.

9. Naming diseases inappropriately may negatively affect economies.

10. The Spanish flu was originated in Spain due to King Alfonso XIII grave illness.

11.Coronavirus is said to be more dangerous and threatening than the Spanish Flu.

Questions 12 - 14

Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD FROM THE PASSAGE in each blank.

12. With the development of technology and medicine, it is possible for scientists to research and

make _____________ in a short period of time.

13-14. In Coronavirus outbreak, everyone, especially the __________ and people who have _________ illnesses,

must strictly follow the prevention measures.