Q1:- Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating 1.

6 MPa
between the Pressure limits of 1.6 MPa and 200 kPa with refrigerant-
134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the
upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counter-flow heat exchanger
where the pressure in the upper and lower cycles is 0.5 MPa. In both
cycles, the refrigerant is a saturated liquid at the condenser exit and a
saturated vapor at the compressor inlet, and the isentropic efficiency of 0.5 MPa
the compressor is 80%. If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through
the lower cycle is 0.07 kg/s, find:
(a) The P–h diagram of the cycle.
(b) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the upper cycle. 0.5 MPa

(c) The rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space.

(d) The COP of this refrigerator.
(e) If the hermetic compressors are used operating at 30 r/s, 4-cylinder,
bore of the cylinders is 50 mm and the, piston stroke is 40 mm, what are
the actual volumetric efficiency of lower compressor. 200 kPa
(a) The P–h diagram of the
cycle.

P cond II = 1.6 MPa

P evap II = 0.5 MPa
P cond I = 0.5 MPa
P evap I = 0.2 MPa 7
6

3 8 5
2

4 1
 cycle Point Pressure Enthalpy Notes
To calculate enthalpy of exit compressor I, II i.e. h2, h6 (MPa) (kJ/kg)

1 0.2 392.66 hg
2s 0.50 413
ℎ2𝑠 − ℎ1 I 2 0.50 418
𝜂𝑐𝐼 = 3 0.50 221 hf
ℎ2 − ℎ1
4 0.2 221 h4=h3
5 0.50 407.6 hg
413 − 392.66
0.80 = → ℎ2 = 418 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 6s 1.6 435
ℎ2 − 392.66
II 6 1.6 441.85
7 1.6 284 hf
ℎ6𝑠 − ℎ5 8 0.50 284 h8=h7
𝜂𝑐𝐼𝐼 =
ℎ6 − ℎ5

435 − 407.6
0.80 = → ℎ6 = 441.85𝑘 𝐽Τ𝑘 𝑔
ℎ6 − 407.6
(b) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the upper cycle.
The mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the upper cycle (II) is
determined from an energy balance on the heat exchanger.
𝑚ሶ 𝐼𝐼 ℎ5 − ℎ8 = 𝑚ሶ 𝐼 ℎ2 − ℎ3
𝑚ሶ 𝐼𝐼 407.6 − 284 = 0.07 418 − 221

𝑚ሶ 𝐼𝐼 = 0.11 𝑘 𝑔Τ𝑠

(c) The rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space is

𝑄ሶ 𝐼 = 𝑚ሶ 𝐼 ℎ1 − ℎ4
𝑄ሶ 𝐼 = 0.07 392.66 − 221 = 12 KW
(d) The power input and the COP are
𝑊ሶ = 𝑚ሶ 𝐼 ℎ2 − ℎ1 + 𝑚ሶ 𝐼𝐼 ℎ6 − ℎ5 7 6
𝑊ሶ = 0.07 418 − 392.66 + 0.11 441.85 − 407.6 3
= 5.5 𝑘𝑊 8 5 2
4 1
𝑄ሶ 𝐼 12
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = =2
ሶ
𝑊 5.5
 ʋ1 = ʋg = 0.1 m3/kg

𝑉𝐼∙ = 𝑚ሶ 𝐼 x ʋ1 =0.07x 0.1= 0.007 𝑚3 /𝑠

𝜋 𝜋
𝑉𝑠𝑤 = × 𝐷 × 𝐿 × 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 × 𝑁 = × 0.052 × 0.04 × 4 × 30 = 0.0094𝑚3 /𝑠
2
4 4
𝑉∙ 0.007
𝜂𝑣𝐼 = = = 0.744 = 74.4%
𝑉𝑠𝑤 0.0094
Q2:- Multi-evaporator system with single compressor and individual expansion valves system used refrigerant 143a at two
different temperatures with a single compressor and a single condenser. The low-temperature evaporator operates at -40 oC with
saturated vapor at its exit and has a refrigerating capacity of 5 tons. The higher-temperature evaporator produces saturated vapor at
4 bar at its exit and has a refrigerating capacity of 3 tons. The compression with isentropic efficiency 85% to the condenser
pressure of 10 bar. The refrigerant leaves the condenser at 10 bar with subcooled to a temperature of 10°C. Draw the
schematic diagram of the cycle and p-h diagram then calculate:
a) The mass flow rate of refrigerant through each evaporator. b) The compressor power input, in kW.
c) The C.O.P. d) The rate of heat transfer from the refrigerant passing through the condenser, in kW.
e) The overall heat transfer coefficient of the condenser is 430 W/m2.oC and a heat transfer area of 16 m2. If cooling water at
a flow rate of 3kg/s enters the condenser at a temperature of 25 oC , what is the out water temperature.
Take the specific heat of water as 4.18kJ/kg.C.

10 bar
3

4 bar 3 ton
4
5
-40 C
5 ton
3 2

4 6

5 7
1 8
h7= 364.86 kJ/kg vapor at -40 ℃ from R-143a table
h6= h8 =380.5 kJ/kg vapor at 4 bar from R-143a table
h3= h4 = h5 =215 kJ/kg liquid at 1 Mpa from table
1) Qref-I = ṁI × (h7-h5)
5 × 3.5= ṁI × (364.86-215) , ṁI= 0.1167 kg/s
3 ton
Qref-II = ṁII × (h6-h4)
3 × 3.5= ṁII × (380.5-215) , ṁII= 0.06 kg/s
ṁ = ṁI+ ṁII= 0.1167+0.06= 0.1767 kg/s 5 ton
ṁ h1= ṁI h7+ ṁII h8
0.1767 × h1= 0.1167 × 364.86+ 0.06 × 380.5 h1=370 kJ/kg
From chart and h1 find h2s=420 kJ/kg
10 bar 2s
ℎ2𝑠 − ℎ1 420 − 370 3
𝜂𝑐𝐼 = 0.85 = ℎ2 =428.8 kJ/kg
ℎ2 − ℎ1 ℎ2 − 370
2) W = ṁ × (h2-h1) =0.1767(428.8-370)=10.4 kw 4 bar
4
𝑄𝑟𝑒𝑓 (5 + 3) × 3.5
3) 𝐶. 𝑂. 𝑃 = = = 2.7 5
𝑊𝑐 10.4 -40 C
4) Q
reject = ṁ × (h2-h3)

Qreject = 0.1767 × (428.8-215)= 37.778 kw

Qreject = ṁwater ×Cp ×(To-Ti)

37.778 = 3 ×4.18 ×(To-25) To=28 oC