Saddle Stress Calculations

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 02 | Feb 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSEL SADDLE AND ZICK ANALYSIS

Mr. Meet Parmar1, Dr. Dhaval Shah2, Mr. Manish Sonar3
1Graduate student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Gujarat, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Gujarat, India
3Assistant Manager (RPV Eng.), Larsen and Toubro Limited, Gujarat India
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Abstract - Supports are the important part of a pressure
Vessel to holding for different purposes during Table -1: Sample Table format
manufacturing and in process plant. Different supports are
required to hold pressure vessel like skirt support, lug Vessel Type Cylindrical
support, saddle support. For horizontal pressure vessel
saddle supports are permanently welded with the Vessel. In Vessel Position Horizontal
saddle there should be a proper thickness of base plate, web
plate thickness, rib plate thickness and proper number of Design Pressure Required (P) 257.9 psi
rob plate should be used to design efficient saddle and it
Design Temperature 149 F
may fail due to own of pressure vessel. It will also decrease
the cost of saddle. By adding saddle pressure vessel will Radiography 0.85
generate stresses at different parts of the pressure vessel.
These stresses must be considered during designing of Vessel Inside Diameter 61.2598 Inch
saddle. Otherwise, the pressure vessel which was designed
by proper ASME codes, it may be failed due to stresses Vessel Outside Diameter 62.9921 Inch
generated at pressure vessel due to saddle. This paper
contains proper methodology to design the saddle and also Vessel Wall Thickness (t) 0.86614 Inch
consider the generated stresses. It also contains analysis for
Corrosion Allowance (C) 0.23622 Inch
stresses given by Zick scientist.
Vessel weight (Empty) 16337.3 lb
Key Words: Pressure vessel, Saddle, Stresses, Zick
Analysis, Costing Vessel Weight (Liquid) 228383 lb
1.INTRODUCTION Saddle to saddle distance (A) 22.0472 Inch

0.7874 Inch
Vessel Head thickness (th)
The horizontal pressure vessel is required to be supported
otherwise the vessel may be damaged and Vertical
pressure vessels are required to be supported at saddle Table -2 : Material Data
for post weld heat treatment, during the transportation of
pressure vessel, during the processing in the plant and Material ASME SA516 Grade 7
also during hydrotest. The pressure vessels, in horizontal
Shell & Heads ASME SA283 Grade C
condition, are usually supported at the vertical cradles.
These cradles are called saddle. These saddles are used for Saddle
the transportation of the pressure vessels are called
shipping saddles. The main aim of this project is to setup a Minimum Tensile Strength
generalized methodology to design the Saddles and Shell & Heads 6000 psig
stresses generated due to saddle at the pressure vessel. Saddle 55000 psig
The project work also carried about Zick Analysis.
Minimum Yield Strength
2.DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSEL SADDLE [2)
Shell & Heads 32000 psig
For designing the saddle support it is required to a Saddle 30000 psig
calculate the thickness: Top flange, thickness (tf), Base
thickness (tw), Stiffener thickness (ts), Web thickness (tb) Allowable Tensile Strength
Shell & Heads 20000 psig
Saddle 15700 psig
© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2026
Vessel Layout
Fig -2: I Section view of Saddle
2.1 Determination of top flange thickness (tf)

Fig -1: Pressure Vessel Layout
Distance from tangent line to Saddle support can be found √( *

from the trial and error method.
Head wall thickness(min.) (th) = 0.7874 Inch
Saddle support to tangent line distance (A) = 22.0472 Inch
Tangent line to head depth distance,
= 16.102 Inch
[ ]
–
[ ]
External depth of Head,
Total vessel overall length, √

√
189.764 + (2 * 16.1024)
2.2 Determination of web plate thickness (tw)
= 0.88 * 62.9921
* ( ) +
From Equation (4.4),

√( *
= 3.09974
√ { }
The distance between two stiffeners is,

Rib plate width,
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Width of outside stiffeners
2.3 Calculation of base plate thickness (tb)
√* +
√* +
Fig -3: Designed saddle 2D Drawing

2.4 Determination thickness of stiffeners ( )
3 ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE VESSEL SADDLE [1]
An approximate number for stiffeners is:
Stresses at Pressure Vessel by attaching two number of
saddles,
3.1 Longitudinal Stresses [3]
Longitudinal force = 5.32 * lb ,

( )
( )
( *
= 8.96382 Inch
= 227.6811 mm < 300 mm
3.2 Transverse Direction Stresses [3]
Fig -4: FBD for stresses in longitudinal direction
[ ]
[ ]
Fig -5: FBD for stresses in transverse direction
[ ]
[ ]
3.4 Bending stress and bending moment at mid-

span of Pressure Vessel [1]
( +
3.3 Calculation of Bending Moment and Bending

stress at saddles [1]
Bending moment in saddle (compression and tension)

(
( )
3.5 Shell Stresses cause because of Internal

( ) Pressure [1]
3.6 Tangential shear stress [1]

( )
Tangential shear stress at shell (S2)
( )
( )
( )
Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1.
So, the Tangential Stress is safe for design.
Tangential shear stress at shell,
Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the Tangential

Stress is safe for design.
Tangential shear stress at shell (S2),
( )
Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1.
( ) So, the Tangential Stress is safe for design.
Tangential shear stress at head, Where
Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the Tangential

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So, the
Tangential shear stress at head (Sh), Where of A > R/2 Tangential Stress is safe for design.
and ring isn’t used
Additional tangential shear stress at head
In case of A (
( *
Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the Tangential Circumferential Stress is safe for design.
Circumferential stress at bottom part of shell,
3.7 Circumferential stress [1] ( *
Circumferential stress at saddle horn

Where and unstiffened ( *
( *

Circumferential Stress is safe for design
3.8 Check of tension at Web of the saddle [1]
Horizontal force at web,
Effective web area,

Circumferential Stress is safe for design. Stress in web,
Circumferential stress calculation at horn of saddle,

Stress which is allowable at web, as below
Where L < 8 R and unstiffened
( *
Vertical force at web, 3.10 Bearing Pressure [1]
Stress in web,
Stress which is allowable in web (compression),
Which is lesser than 750 (Allowable)
4. CONCLUSIONS
As per calculation of different for saddle parts and stress

calculated from Zick method and the comparison between
3.9 Check the lowest section of Saddle [1] stresses for different locations are lesser than the Stress
which is allowable. So, the design of Pressure Vessel
Saddle is safe for manufacturing. Stresses generated at
pressure vessel due to attached saddle are lesser than the
Stress which is allowable.
REFERENCES
[1] Zick, LP Stresses in large horizontal cylindrical

pressure vessels on two saddle supports. In: 1985
ASME (eds). Pressure vessel and piping: design and
analysis – a decade of progress 1985; vol. 2 New
Fig -6: Saddle at lowest section York: ASME, pp. 959–970.
[2] Ong, L. S., & Lu, G., Optimal Support Radius of Loose-
The lowest section of the saddle is as shown in figure 6 Fitting Saddle Support, International Journal of
Pressure Vessel & Piping, 54(1993) 465-79
[3] Richard Budynas, J. Nisbett, Shigley's Mechanical
Engineering Design, 8th ed., New York:McGraw-
Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-312193-2page 108
For resisting this force, the area of required in web plate
required is,
( ) ( )
The calculated stress,
The Stress which is allowable,
So, for horizontal force (F) the thickness of the web plate is
satisfied.

Saddle Stress Calculations

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 02 | Feb 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSEL SADDLE AND ZICK ANALYSIS

1.INTRODUCTION Saddle to saddle distance (A) 22.0472 Inch

Fig -2: I Section view of Saddle

2.1 Determination of top flange thickness (tf)

Distance from tangent line to Saddle support can be found √( *

External depth of Head,

Total vessel overall length, √

2.2 Determination of web plate thickness (tw)

From Equation (4.4),

The distance between two stiffeners is,

Width of outside stiffeners

2.3 Calculation of base plate thickness (tb)

Fig -3: Designed saddle 2D Drawing

3.1 Longitudinal Stresses [3]

Longitudinal force = 5.32 * lb ,

= 227.6811 mm < 300 mm

3.2 Transverse Direction Stresses [3]

Fig -4: FBD for stresses in longitudinal direction

Fig -5: FBD for stresses in transverse direction

3.4 Bending stress and bending moment at mid-

3.3 Calculation of Bending Moment and Bending

Bending moment in saddle (compression and tension)

3.5 Shell Stresses cause because of Internal

3.6 Tangential shear stress [1]

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1.

So, the Tangential Stress is safe for design.

Tangential shear stress at shell,

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the Tangential

Tangential shear stress at shell (S2),

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1.

( ) So, the Tangential Stress is safe for design.

Tangential shear stress at head, Where

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the Tangential

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the

Circumferential stress at saddle horn

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the

3.8 Check of tension at Web of the saddle [1]

Horizontal force at web,

Effective web area,

Ratio of the stress acting is lesser than 1. So the

Circumferential stress calculation at horn of saddle,

Vertical force at web, 3.10 Bearing Pressure [1]

Stress which is allowable in web (compression),

Which is lesser than 750 (Allowable)

As per calculation of different for saddle parts and stress

[1] Zick, LP Stresses in large horizontal cylindrical

The calculated stress,

The Stress which is allowable,

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