Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Lipa City
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Lipa City

Grade: 11
Semester: First Semester
Elective Subject Title: Complex Numbers

Lesson 7 Finding the Product and Quotient of

Complex Numbers in Trigonometric
Form
Introduction
In this contextualized learner’s material, you will learn how to represent complex
numbers.
After completing this activity, you will be able to:
● Find the Product and Quotient of Complex Numbers as vectors

Pre-assessment

Directions: Read and analyze the statements, write the letter of the correct answer.
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. Write in Polar form 3 +i.

a. 10 b. 10𝑐𝑖𝑠(. 321) c. 10𝑐𝑖𝑠(18. 435) d. 3-i
2. What is (−4+7i)(5−10i) ?
a. 25 13(𝑐𝑖𝑠 0. 983) b. 1 + 3𝑖 c. 3𝑖 d. − 3𝑖
2. Write in polar form ( 5+i)/(2−3i)
a. 7/13 + 17i/13 b. 13 − 17/13𝑖 c. 2(𝑐𝑖𝑠 1. 18) d. 7 − 13𝑖

Good job! You have finished answering the Pre-Assessment. You may request your subject
teacher to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!
Development

Trigonometric or Polar Form of a Complex Number (r

cis θ)
In the example last time, we graphed the complex number z = a + bi in rectangular
coordinate system. Recall that there is another coordinate system we can use, the polar
coordinate system. In a previous lesson you learned that rectangular coordinates (x, y)
can be transformed into polar coordinates (r, θ).

Here we will use that basic conversion to rewrite z = a + bi in another (sometimes more
convenient) form that is based on the polar conversion. This new form is called the
trigonometric form of a complex number.

Start with the complex number 𝑧 =− 1 − 𝑖 3. You can graph it in the rectangular
coordinate system:
The problem is that we have lost the i. So, in order to “keep track” of the imaginary part,
we can use another form. Recall that we used the substitutions

x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ.

Steps for Conversion

To convert from polar to rectangular form, the distance that the point (2, 2) is from the
origin can be found by

The reference angle (i.e. the corresponding angle in the first quadrant) that the line
segment between the point and the origin can be found by

Since this point is in the first quadrant (both the x and y coordinate are positive) the
angle must be 45◦ or π/4.
It is also possible that when tan θ = 1 the angle can be in the third quadrant or 5π/4
radians. But this angle will not satisfy the conditions of the problem, since a third
quadrant angle must have both x and y as negatives.

The complex number 2 + 2i or (2, 2) in rectangular form has polar coordinates

.
Finding Products and Quotients of Complex Numbers
in Polar Form

Now that we can convert complex numbers to polar form we will learn how to
perform operations on complex numbers in polar form. For the rest of this section, we
will work with formulas developed by French mathematician Abraham de Moivre
(1667-1754). These formulas have made working with products, quotients, powers, and
roots of complex numbers much simpler than they appear. The rules are based on
multiplying the moduli and adding the arguments.

A GENERAL NOTE: PRODUCTS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN POLAR FORM

If 𝑧1 = 𝑟1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ1 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ1) and 𝑧2 = 𝑟2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ2 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ2) then the product of these
numbers is given as:

EXAMPLE: FINDING THE PRODUCT OF TWO COMPLEX NUMBERS IN POLAR

FORM

Find the product of 𝑧1𝑧2, given 𝑧1 = 4 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 80 ◦ + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 80 ◦ ) and

𝑧2 = 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 145 ◦ + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 145 ◦ )
Answer

Finding Quotients of Complex Numbers in Polar

Form

The quotient of two complex numbers in polar form is the quotient of the two moduli and
the difference of the two arguments.

A GENERAL NOTE: QUOTIENTS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN POLAR FORM

If 𝑧1 = 𝑟1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ1 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ1) and 𝑧2 = 𝑟2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ2 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ2) then the quotient of these
numbers is:

Notice that the moduli are divided, and the angles are subtracted.

EXAMPLE 2: FINDING THE QUOTIENT OF TWO COMPLEX NUMBERS

Find the quotient of 𝑧1 = 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 213 ◦+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 213 ◦) and 𝑧2 = 4 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 33 ◦+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛33 ◦)
 TRY IT!

Find the product and the quotient of 𝑧1 = 2 3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 150 ◦+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 150 ◦) and
𝑧2 = 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 30 ◦+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 ◦)

Engagement

Activity 1. Write/Solve the following complex numbers in polar form.

1. 2 + i 2√3
2. 3 - i √3
 3. -2 - i2

Activity 2.Find the rectangular form of the complex numbers

(i) [cos (π/6) + i sin (π/6)] [cos (π/12) + i sin (π/12)]

(ii) [cos (π/6) - i sin (π/6)]/2 [cos (π/3) + i sin (π/3)]

Assimilation
Post Assessment
Directions: Solve the following questions.

Reflection
• The learner, in their notebook, will write their personal insights about
the lesson using the prompts below.
I understand that ___________________.
I realize that ________________________.
I need to learn more about __________.

REFERENCES
2020. Complex Number Multiplication.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/complex-number-multiply.html.

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-math-analysis/section/4.7/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/precalctwo/chapter/polar-form-of-complex-numbers/