Recognizing the

equations and important

characteristics of Conic
Sections
Learning Outcomes of the Lesson
(What I Need to Know)

At the end of the lesson, the student is able to:

(1). recognize the equations and important characteristics of the

different types of conic sections.
Review: (Hyperbolas)
Question #1: It is a locus of all points in the
plane wherein the absolute difference of
whose distances from two fixed points is a
constant.

Answer: Hyperbola
Question #2:
How many cases do hyperbolas
have?

Answer: Two (2)

Question #3:
How many parts are there in
hyperbolas?

Answer: Nine (9)

Question #4:

(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
What is the center in − = 1?
36 49

Answer: C(2,3)
Question #5:
What is the orientation and direction of opening of

(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
− = 1?
36 49

Answer: Horizontal transverse axis; and

Left and right
Question #6:

(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
What is a and b in − = 1?
36 49

Answer: a = 6; and b = 7
Question #7:
Solve for the value of c.
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
− =1
36 49

Answer: c = 85
Question #8:

What is the transverse axis and conjugate axis in

(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
− = 1, respectively?
36 49

Answer: Transverse axis is y = 3; and

Conjugate axis is x = 2
Question #9:
𝑥2 𝑦2
What are the foci in − = 1?
49 36

Answer: 𝐹1 (− 85 , 0) and 𝐹2 ( 85 , 0)
Question #10:

𝑥 2 𝑦 2
What are the vertices in − = 1?
49 36

Answer: 𝑉1 −7,0 and 𝑉2 (7,0)

Question #11:

𝑥2 𝑦2
What are the covertices in − = 1?
49 36

Answer: 𝑊1 (0, −6) and 𝑊2 (0,6)

Question #12:

𝑥2 𝑦2
What is the length of the latera recta in − = 1?
49 36

𝟕𝟐
Answer: units
𝟕
Question #13:

𝑥2 𝑦2
What are the asymptotes of − = 1?
49 36

6 6
Answer: y = - x and y = x
7 7
Question #14:

𝑥2 𝑦2
What are the endpoints of the latera recta in − = 1?
16 9

Answer: (-5, -2.25), (-5, 2.25),

(5, -2.25), and (5, 2.25)
Question #15:

What is the dimension of auxiliary rectangle in

𝑥2 𝑦2
− = 1?
16 9

Answer: 8 x 6 (or 8 by 6)
LESSON PROPER
A. Conditions for the
General Form Equation of
a Circle and Its Degenerate
Cases
1. When is the general form equation a circle?
Answer: When 𝐴2 and 𝐵2 appears A = B.

2. Is this always the case?

Answer: No, equal coefficients for 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 2 does not
always follow that the graph is a circle.
EXAMPLES
CIRCLES
Identify if the given equation is a
circle, a single point, or has no
graph (or an empty set).

2 2
1. 𝑋 + 𝑌 + 4X - 10Y + 20 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4x - 10y + 20 = 0

Given: A = 1, B = 1, C = 4, D = -10, and E = 20

Formula: 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷 2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸
Solution:

2 2
So, 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴𝐷 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸
2 2
(1)(4) + (1)(−10) −4(1)(1)(20)
16 + 100 – 80
36

(Note that 36 > 0, then the graph is a circle).

Identify if the given equation is a
circle, a single point, or has no
graph (or an empty set).

2 2
2. 𝑋 + 𝑌 − 16X - 14Y + 113 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 - 16x - 14y + 113 = 0

Given: A = 1, B = 1, C = -16, D = -14, and E = 113

2 2
Formula: 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴𝐷 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸
Solution:

2 2
So, 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴𝐷 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸
2 2
(1)(−16) + (1)(−14) −4(1)(1)(113)
256 + 196 – 452
0

(Note that 0 = 0, then the graph is a single point).

Identify if the given equation is a
circle, a single point, or has no
graph (or an empty set).

2 2
3. 2𝑋 - 2X + 2𝑌 + 20Y + 54 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 2𝑥 2 - 2x + 2𝑦 2 + 20y + 54 = 0

Given: A = 2, B = 2, C = -2, D = 20, and E = 54

Formula: 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷 2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸
 Solution:

So, 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸

2 2
(2)(−2) + (2)(20) −4(2)(2)(54)
8 + 800 – 864
-56

(Note that -56 < 0, then it has no graph (or an empty set)).
B. Conditions for the
General Form Equation of
a Parabola and Its
Degenerate Cases
EXAMPLES
PARABOLAS
Identify if the given equation is a
parabola, line/s, or has no graph.

2
1. 3𝑌 + 8X - 64 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 3𝑦 2 + 8x - 64 = 0

Given: A = 0, B = 3, C = 8, D = 0, and E = -64

 Solution:

Based on the formula,

Condition 1: A = 0; and Condition 2: C ≠ 0

Then, the graph is a parabola that opens to the

left or right.
Identify if the given equation is a
parabola, line/s, or has no graph.

2
2. 𝑋 - 14X + 49 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 𝑥 2 - 14x + 49 = 0

Given: A = 1, B = 0, C = -14, D = 0, and E = 49

 Solution:

Based on the formula,

Condition 1: B = 0; and Condition 2: D = 0
2 2
𝐶 - 4AE = (−14) - 4(1)(49) = 196 – 196 = 0

Then, the graph is a one vertical line.

Identify if the given equation is a
parabola, line/s, or has no graph.

2
3. 𝑌 + 8Y - 5 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 𝑦 2 + 8y - 5 = 0

Given: A = 0, B = 1, C = 0, D = 8, and E = -5
 Solution:

Based on the formula,

Condition 1: A = 0; and Condition 2: C = 0

𝐷2 - 4BE = (8)2 - 4(1)(5) = 64 – 20 = 44

Since 44 > 0, then the graph is two parallel horizontal lines.

C. Conditions for the
General Form Equation of
an Ellipse and Its
Degenerate Cases
EXAMPLES
ELLIPSES
Identify if the given equation is an
ellipse, a single point, or has no
graph (or an empty set).

2 2
1. 9𝑋 + 𝑌 + 18X - 27 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 18x - 27 = 0

Given: A = 9, B = 1, C = 18, D = 0, and E = -27

 Solution:

Based on the formula,

Condition 1: A, B > 0 and A > B; and
Condition 2: 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 > 0

𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 1 18 2 + (9)(0)2 −4(9)(0)(−27)

= 324 + 0 + 0
= 324

Since 324 > 0, then the graph is an ellipse with vertical major axis.
Identify if the given equation is an
ellipse, a single point, or has no
graph (or an empty set).

2 2
2. 4𝑋 + 25𝑌 − 48X + 50Y + 69 = 0
 Solution:

Equation: 4𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 - 48x + 50y + 69 = 0

Given: A = 4, B = 25, C = -48, D = 50, and E = 69

 Solution:

Based on the formula,

Condition 1: A, B > 0 and A < B; and
Condition 2: 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 > 0

𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 25 −48 2 + (4)(50)2 −4(4)(25)(69)

= 57600 + 10000 – 27600
= 40000

Since 40000 > 0, then the graph is an ellipse with horizontal major axis.
D. Conditions for the
General Form Equation of
a Hyperbola and Its
Degenerate Cases
EXAMPLES
HYPERBOLAS
Identify if the given equation is a
hyperbola, or two intersecting lines.

2 2
1. 4𝑋 - 9𝑌 - 36 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 4𝑥 2 - 9𝑦 2 - 36 = 0

Given: A = 4, B = -9, C = 0, D = 0, and E = -36

 Solution:

Based on the formula,

Condition 1: A, B have unlike signs where A > 0 and B < 0; and
Condition 2: 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 < 0

𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 = −9 0 2 + 4 0 2
− 4(4)(−9)(−36)
= 0 + 0 – 5184
= -5184

Since -5184 < 0, then the graph is a hyperbola with horizontal transverse axis.
Identify if the given equation is a
hyperbola, or two intersecting lines.

2 2
2. 4𝑋 - 5𝑌 - 16X + 16 = 0
Solution:

Equation: 4𝑥 2 - 15𝑦 2 - 16x + 16 = 0

Given: A = 4, B = -15, C = -16, D = 0, and E = 16

Solution:

Based on the formula,

Condition 1: A, B have unlike signs
Condition 2: 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 0

𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐵𝐸 = −5 −16 2 + 4 0 2

− 4(4)(−5)(−16)
= -1280 + 0 + 1280
=0

Since 0 = 0, then the graph is two intersecting lines.

ASSESSMENT
Identify the graph of the following
equations. Show your solutions.
𝟐 𝟐
1. 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 5x – y + 7 = 0

𝟐 𝟐
2. 4𝒙 - 8x - 49𝒚 + 196y – 388 = 0

3. 𝒚𝟐 - 48x + 6y = 729
4. 𝒙𝟐 - 10x – 48y + 25 = 0

5. 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 7𝒚𝟐 - 126y = 133

6. 49𝒙𝟐 - 490x + 36𝒚𝟐 + 504y + 1225 = 0