GROUP MEMBERS:

Collado, Diana Rose M.

Nicolas, Romalyn S.

Teppang, Recy A.

Totto, Christian

Tuggay, Angelica B.

Zipagan, Julia Krizia A.

SECTION AND COURSE: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 1C

DATE OF SUBMISSION: October 26, 2020

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

DECOLORIZATION

(Activated Charcoal for Removing Color)

I. INTRODUCTION
-The decolorization simply refers to remove color from colorized substance. The experiment
will demonstrate how to remove color body from a liquid solution using a table spoon of
activated charcoal powder.

II. OBJECTIVES

-The purpose of this lab experiment is to know the use of activated charcoal powder in
colorization process. With that, the lab experiment will:
• Effectively represent the decolorization process.
• Help students to be more aware how decolorization work
• Provide an efficient information about activated charcoal powder react with another
substance.

III. MATERIALS

• Grape juice(colored substance)

• Activated Charcoal Powder
• Glass
• Spoon
• Filtering equipment

IV. PROCEDURE
 -For the conduct of this experiment. The following are the step that will be use in the process
of decolorization:
STEP 1 : Put one spoon activated charcoal powder in glass.
STEP 2 : Add grape juice to the glass that have one spoon of activated charcoal powder.
STEP 3 : Stirr the activated charcoal powder and a grape juice using a spoon.
STEP 4 : Sip for a few minutes or approximately five minutes.
STEP 5 : Start filtering, using the filtering equipment.
STEP 6 : After filtering, the filtered grape juice must transfer to another glass to see the very
clean solution.

V. OBSERVATION

-The experiment show how charcoal removes the color of grapes into water/colorless. He mix
the charcoal powder and grapes juice, he leave it in five minutes, after that he pour carefully
on the another container with a filter paper and the filtrate clear and colorless liquid, which is
all traces of color of grapes juice are removed by the charcoal.

VI. CONCLUSION

-Activated charcoal also called activated carbon, this is an excellent adsorbent, a substance
that is capable of attracting and binding the components of mixture. It is used to decolorize
and clarify water.

Experiment No. 2
CRYSTALLIZATION
(Purification of Benzoic Acid by Crystallization)

I. INTRODUCTION

-Benzoic acid is colourless crystalline solid. The name is derived from gum benzoin,
which was for a long time its only source. Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic
acid. The pure crystal of benzoic acid can be prepared from an inpure sample called
Crystalization. This process involves, (1) preparation of solution of the impure sample, (2)
filtration of the hot solution, (3) cooling of hor saturated solution, (4) preparation and drying
crystals.

II. OBJECTIVES

• Aim to purify sample of organic compounds that are solids at room temperature.
• To dissociate the impure sample in the minimum amount of an appropriate hot solvent.

III. MATERIALS

• Benzoic acid (crude sample) • Funnel

• Distilled water • Filter paper
• Cold water • Glass rod
• 250 ml beakers • Spatula
 • Dropper • Trough
• Fluted filter paper • White gauze
• Test tube • Bunsen barner
• Stand with clamp
IV. SET UP

V. PROCEDURE

Step 1: Take about 150 ml of distilled water in a beaker. Boit the water in the beaker over the
bunser barner. In another beaker, atke about 3 grams of crude sample acid. Using a dropper
gradually add a minimum quantity of boiling water just sufficient to dissolve benzoic acid. Stir
using the glass rod.

Step 2: Place a fluted filter paper in the funnel and clamp the funnel to the stand. Place a beaker
under the funnel. Pour the solutions into the funnel over the glass rod and collect the filtrate in
the beaker.

Step 3: Let the filtrate come to room temperature by itself. Cool it by placing the beaker in the
trough containing cold water.

Step 4: Clamp the funnel in which a filter paper is fixed to the stand. Place a beaker under the
funnel and separate the crystals by filtration. Wash the crystals with cold water. Place the
crystal on a filter paper which snacks up the solution. Transfer the crystal to another filter paper
and dry then on by pressing gently between the folds of the filter paper. Transfer the crystals
into a dry test tube.

VI. OBSERVATION

-Benzoic acid is a compound which is colourless. Its solubility in hot water is more effective, but
in cold water it is weak. By dissolving it in hot water, it can recrystallize. The obtained hot
solution is filtered and cooled. Opaque white crystals of benzoic acids crystallize upon cooling.

VII. CONCLUSION:
 -A very common technique used to purify crude solids is crystallization. To cause the formations
of solid particles in a homogeneous pahse, it is a method of concentrating a solution to a
supersaturated state. It js therefore concluded that after undergoing crystallization process,
benzoic acud us a pure substance.

Experiment No.3

SUBLIMATION

(Fun With Dry Ice)

I. INTRODUCTION
-Dry ice is a frozen carbon dioxide which is the normal part of our earth's atmosphere. It is the
gas that we exhale during breathing and the gas that plants use in photosynthesis. Dry ice is
particularly useful for freezing, and keeping things frozen because of its very cold
temperature: -110°F or -78.5°C. It is widely used because it is simple to convert to its frozen
form and easy to handle using insulated gloves. Dry ice changes directly from a solid to a gas
-sublimation- they completely miss the liquid wet state which is why we call it a dry ice.
II. OBJECTIVES
• Describe the properties of a solid, liquid and a gas.
• Describe the transitions between different states of matter.
III. MATERIALS
➢ Dry Ice
• Warm water, Dry Ice, Large Beaker
➢ Dry Ice Bubble
• Warm water, Dry Ice, Giant Flask, Food Colouring, Liquid Soap, Small bowl, Shoe string
➢ Hand Gear (Leather Gloves)
IV. Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials, reagents and safety gears needed.
2. With leather gloves on, put the dry ice inside the large beaker filled with a halfway of warm
water. What will happen when a piece of dry ice is place inside the beaker? Why does the gas
drift down instead of up? Why is it bubbling?
3. Put a couple of drops food colouring in the giant flask filled with a halfway warm water.
Place the dry ice. Is it shrinking? What is the cause of the physical change?
4. Mix the liquid soap and some water into a small bowl. Soak the string (shoe string) and
release some excess of soap.
5. At the top of the flask, place the string across. Why it creates bubble? Why does the bubble
mass spill over in a downward direction instead of floating away?
V. OBSERVATION
• Dry ice is a frozen Carbon Dioxide, a type of atmospheric gas that is produced during
respiration. Dry ice does not melt, it sublimates-the process of going directly from a solid to a
gas. As gas sublimes from dry ice, it will drift in a downward direction. This is because the
Carbon Dioxide is heavier than the air, causing the gas to drift downward.
• Dry ice will not shrink. It will continue bubbling which happens at a rapid rate because the
warm water is heating the dry ice. As the water begins to cool and the temperature difference
 between the dry ice and the water becomes smaller, the rate of bubbling begins to slow down.
Eventually, water ice will form a covering on the dry ice and then crack or pop, as the pressure
of carbon dioxide gas further builds up inside.
• Placing the string across the top of a giant flask will create a soapy film. The soap will catch
the Carbon Dioxide and create a really cool effect with the bubble. Once the bubble maxes
out is ellipse elasticity, it pops causing the carbon dioxide release in the air. Because carbon
dioxide is heavier than air, a mass of carbon dioxide gas inside soap bubbles will form and spill
over the container instead of floating away.
VI. CONCLUSION
• The three states of matter which is the solid (molecules that are tightly pressed in together),
liquid (molecules that is slightly sliding past one another), and the gas (molecules are spread
apart and they are moving quickly). Different transitions occur when these states of matter
collide: Evaporation which is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas or vapour,
condensation the process of changing from a gas or vapour to a liquid and sublimation the
process of changing from a solid to a gas or vapour.
• When you place the dry ice into the water you are going to see a very quick reaction. Foggy
mist occurs because of the room temperature versus the -110 degrees Fahrenheit below zero.
It produces cool effect which is the sublimation occurring at the ice is subliming in the warm
water. It turns out that the water molecules combined to the Carbon Dioxide causing the
water molecules gets cold and making a fog just like the fog you see on a cold day.

Experiment No. 4
EXTRACTION
(Liquid-Liquid Extraction)

I. INTRODUCTION
-Liquid-liquid extraction, also known as partitioning, is a separation process consisting of the
transfer of a solute from one solvent to another, the two solvents being immiscible or partially miscible
with each other. Frequently, one of the solvents is water or an aqueous mixture and the other is a
nonpolar organic liquid.

II. OBJECTIVES

- A mixture of two organic compounds with different acid-base properties will be separated.
Specifically, separation of a mixture Aqueous solution (denser) and Organic solution (less
dense) and it enables the selective removal of components in a mixture.

III. MATERIALS

• Separatory funnel
• Beaker
• Aqueous solution
• Organic solution
• Iron ring stand
• Erlenmeyer flask
IV. PROCEDURE

1. Add the extraction solvents to the separatory funnel (be certain the Teflon stopcock is closed
first!). Two phases should be observed.
2. Place the cap on the separatory funnel.
3. Holding the cap and funnel securely, invert the separatory funnel.
4. Vent the separatory funnel: with the funnel inverted (and cap secured), open the Teflon
stopcock to reduce any pressure that has built.
5. Close the stopcock and gently shake the separatory funnel.(the funnel must be shaken
pointing away from the body)
6. Repeat the shaking and venting steps several times. (do not flip the funnel while mixing).
7. The funnel is then placed back in the iron ring and stopper is removed immediately to prevent
residua lpressure build up from ejecting the stopper and the solution.
8. Wait until the two layers are completely separated then transfer the lower layer into a beaker
or Erlenmeyer flask slowly opening the stopcock placing the end of the glass tube on the side
of the flask or beaker(helps to avoid splashing) leave one or two drops of the lower solution in
the funnel(helps to avoid contamination).

V. OBSERVATION

-In our observation when the content in the funnel have settled, the two layers are completely
separated in each other. Also, when shaken the funnel it must be shake manually pointing away
from your body by keeping it inverted because if you flip the funnel while mixing this may lead
to leaks often the component develops pressure and this pressure must be carefully relieved
by slowly opening the stopcock.

VI. CONCLUSION

- It can conclude that the two layers which is aqueous solution and the organic solution cannot
be mix because they have difference densities. The aqueous solution that are more dense are
also heavier and its on the bottom then the organic solution at are least dense will stay on top.
Because of the different densities the solutions/liquids separate into layer.The items that are
dropped in will settled on the first layer that has heavier density than itself and under a solution
that is lighter than it is. Also, we conclude that the experiment is successful as all the objectives
were determined.

REFERENCES

• Danny, 2016
Charcoal House
BuyActivatedCharcoal.com
• Amrita, 2015
amritacreate
Amrita University's CREATE
• Mr. J., 2014
SciOnTheFly

WWW.SCION.THEFLY.ORG

• Parker, Wolfe, ect., 2015

NC State Undergraduate Organic Chemistry
Department of Chemistry