EDUC 90 MODULE 3

OLETA, GLIECY O.|BSE SCI 2-1

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TASK 1: COMPLETING THE TABLES

FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

HISTORICAL KEYWORDS IMPLICATION ON CURRICULUM, TEACHING

FOUNDATIONS STRATEGY AND ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

Franklin Bobbit ● Curriculum making ● Learning objectives- grouped and sequenced after
(How To Make a clarifying the instructional exercises and tasks
Curriculum) ● Curriculum- as a science that highlights the needs
of the students
● Needs- must be addressed by the educators to
prepare them for adult life

Ralph Tyler ● Selection of objectives ● Curriculum- revolves around the students’ needs
(The Tyler Rationale) and interests.
● Planning phases ● Subject matter- planned in terms of giving
knowledge, skills, and values among students.

Hilda Taba ● Grassroot Approach ● Curriculum- it is designed by the teachers rather

than handed down by higher authority.
● Teachers- creating specific teaching-learning units
for their students in their schools
● Inductive approach- starting with specifics and
building up to a general design

PSYCHOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS
Classical Conditioning
(Ivan Pavlov)
*Influenced by behaviourism*
Operant Conditioning
(Burrhus Friedrich Skinner)
*Influenced by behaviourism*
Meaningful Learning
(David Ausubel)
Cumulative Learning
(Robert Gagne)
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KEYWORDS IMPLICATION ON CURRICULUM, TEACHING
STRATEGY AND ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING
● Stimulus-Response ● The form of learning involves associating a neutral
stimulus with a stimulus that drives to a response.
● Teachers can practice classical conditioning in the
class by creating a positive classroom setting to
help students overcome anxiety or fear.
● Reading, writing, spelling, or habits are learned
more effectively through the process of
conditioning.
● Reward and punishment ● When the teacher rewards positive behavior, other
● Positive and negative students are more likely to copy that behavior to
reinforcement earn the reward. The rewarded student is also more
likely to repeat that behavior because of the
positive feedback.
● Give students quick feedback about their behavior
● To facilitate reading comprehension also.
● Background knowledge ● The teacher shall highlight the relatedness of the
● Recalling previous and present knowledge.
● Conceptual approach ● Developing thinking skills in learners require
specific instruction and practice rather than
application.
● Using symbols, phrases, concepts, images, ideas,
and propositions that connect with new knowledge
● Hierarchical manner ● Nine events of instruction- enhance student
(simple to complex) learning: gain attention, inform learners of
objectives, stimulate recall of prior learning,
present stimulus, provide learner guidance, elicit

*Influenced by behaviourism*
Insightful Learning
(Wolfgang Kohler)
Connectionism
Edward Thorndike
*Influenced by behaviourism*
Multiple Intelligence
(Howard Gardner)
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performance, provide feedback, assess performance,
and enhance retention and transfer
● Learners are much more likely to be engaged and to
retain the information or skills that they're being
taught.
● Text reading, word attack training, and sight
vocabulary
● Sudden learning ● Rather than just trying various solutions, insight
learning needs more comprehension.
● Example: Learners aim to understand the
relationships between the pieces of the puzzle.
They use patterns, organization, and past
knowledge to solve the problem at hand.
● Laws of learning ● Learning is a product between stimulus and
(readiness, exercise, response.
effect) ● The teacher can apply it by introducing the
principles of pleasure and pain, reward and
punishment. When the students do something
wrong and are disciplined for it, they will not do it
again because punishment gives them pain.
● A small child learns some skills through trial and
error methods such as sitting, standing, walking,
running etc.
● Focuses on cognitive ● Learning/teaching should concentrate on the
abilities particular intelligence of each person.
● individuation and ● Educators take into consideration the different
pluralization types of learners they might have in their class.
● Roleplay, collaborative work, picture puzzles, or
field trips (activities)

Learning Styles
(David Kolb)
*Influenced by humanism*
Humanistic Psychology
Social Constructivism
(Lev Vygotsky)
Social Learning Theory
(Albert Bandura)
● Visual, Kinesthetic,
Auditory, and Tactile
● Gestalt theory
● Complex and abstract
● free-will
● Learning and participation
● Scaffolding
● Zone of proximal
development
● Learning by imitation
● Observational Learning
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● Develop due to our genetics, life events, and the
demands of our current environment.
● Educators can identify learning styles by observing
their students in the classroom.
● Students start to show their preference for
particular styles through presentations,
discussions, and collaborative activities.
● Highlights the study of the whole person
● Curriculum- based on the view that the education
that is good for a person is also best for the well
being of the community
● To the humanists, the aims of education are related
to the ideals of personal maturity, integrity, and
autonomy.
● Social constructivism teaches that all knowledge
develops as an effect of social interaction
● Instructors should support errors resulting from the
learners' ideas, instead of minimizing or avoiding
them. They also focus on students' learning rather
than on teacher performance.
● Help learners to build their knowledge
● Help learners to control the presence of students
during the learning process in the classroom
● Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
● Creates resilient learners who become students
with a strong sense of self efficacy.
● Students often learn a great deal simply by
observing other people.
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● To promote and teach acceptable behaviors in the

classroom through the use of positive
*Influenced by behaviourism*
reinforcement and rewards.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs ● Self-actualization ● Learners present their entire ability and enthusiasm
(Abraham Maslow) ● motivated to achieve for learning.
certain needs ● Teachers support students in eliminating their
distractions, allowing the student’s top priority to
become course material, education, and
*Influenced by humanism* accomplishment.

SOCIOLOGICAL KEYWORDS IMPLICATION ON CURRICULUM, TEACHING

FOUNDATIONS STRATEGY AND ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

John Dewey ● Multiple perspective ● Curriculum

● School and civil society - more innovative and interdisciplinary
● Learning by doing - can address global learners’ diversities, the
explosion of knowledge through the
internet, and the educational reforms and
policies recommended.
● Methods of teaching
- based on the principles of 'learning by
doing'
● Students
- volunteering a class project
- supporting the community on their own
time
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Link Resources:

● https://www.uwyo.edu/aded5050/5050unit9/education.asp#:~:text=Humanistic%20teachers%20believe%20that%20students,need%20and%20want%20t
o%20know.&text=Students%20should%20be%20self%2Dmotivated,only%20self%20evaluation%20is%20meaningful.
● https://simplyeducate.me/2014/12/03/six-famous-curriculum-theorists-and-their-contributions-to-education/#:~:text=1.-,Franklin%20Bobbit%20(1876
%2D1956),the%20needs%20of%20the%20students.
● https://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/multiple-intelligences/#:~:text=According%20to%20Gardner%20%2C%20the%20implication,encouraged%
20to%20develop%20these%20abilities.
● https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/learning/learning-theory/pavlov-classical-conditioning-theory-of-learning-psychology/13467
● https://classroom.synonym.com/use-operant-conditioning-classroom-7860675.html
● https://educationlibrary.org/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-in-education/
● https://educationaltechnology.net/kolbs-experiential-learning-theory-learning-styles/
● https://www.verywellmind.com/classical-conditioning-2794859
● https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-are-the-implications-of-social-learning-theory/
● https://teacherofsci.com/social-learning-theory/
● https://www.theedadvocate.org/social-constructivism-in-education/
● https://www.acornhouse.school/2016/11/26/multiple-intelligences-classroom/
● https://www.learningbp.com/meaningful-learning-ausubel-theory/
● https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1982-24434-001
● https://practicalpie.com/insight-learning/
● https://nanopdf.com/download/Module5-clsu-open-university_pdf
● https://simplyeducate.me/2015/01/09/foundations-of-curriculum/#1_Behaviorism

Date Retrieved: October 26,2021