The document discusses traditional Indonesian textiles and the use of passive voice. It provides examples of how ulos cloth from North Sumatra is traditionally worn by men and women in ceremonies and is made by hand weaving cotton thread. It then outlines the formulas for constructing sentences in the passive voice in 16 tenses, such as using "is spoken" instead of "speaks" and "has been spoken" instead of "has spoken".
The document discusses traditional Indonesian textiles and the use of passive voice. It provides examples of how ulos cloth from North Sumatra is traditionally worn by men and women in ceremonies and is made by hand weaving cotton thread. It then outlines the formulas for constructing sentences in the passive voice in 16 tenses, such as using "is spoken" instead of "speaks" and "has been spoken" instead of "has spoken".
The document discusses traditional Indonesian textiles and the use of passive voice. It provides examples of how ulos cloth from North Sumatra is traditionally worn by men and women in ceremonies and is made by hand weaving cotton thread. It then outlines the formulas for constructing sentences in the passive voice in 16 tenses, such as using "is spoken" instead of "speaks" and "has been spoken" instead of "has spoken".
I will learn to use sentences in the passive voice, to describe objects.
·To state the objects’ identities ·To state the materials that make the objects ·To state the functions of the objects ·To state what happen/happened to the objects
Main formula for passive voice
Example from conversation:
A: That cloth looks beautiful! Is it made in Indonesia? B: Yes, it is a traditional cloth from the Batak culture, North Sumatra. It is called an ‘ulos’. A: How do they wear it? When? B: It is worn by men and women in ceremonial events like weddings and funerals. It is usually draped over one shoulder. Sometimes it is worn to cover both shoulders. A: What is it made of? B: Ulos is made of cotton thread. The thread is woven by hand.
Formulas for 16 Tenses
1. Simple Present Tense Aktif : S + do/does + V1 Pasif : S + to be am,are,isam,are,is + V3 + by + O Contoh: Aktif : Students speak English Pasif : English is spoken by students
2.Present Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + to be am,are,isam,are,is + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + to be am,are,isam,are,is + being + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students is speaking English Pasif : English is being spoken by students
3. Present Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + have/has + V3 + O Pasif : S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students have spoken English Pasif : English has been spoken by students
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students have been speaking English Pasif : English has been being spoken by students
5. Simple Past Tense
Aktif : S + V2 + O Pasif : S + to be was,werewas,were + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students spoke English Pasif : English was spoken by students
6. Past Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + to be was,werewas,were + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + to be was,werewas,were + being + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students were speaking English Pasif : English was being spoken by students
7. Past Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + had not + V3 + O Pasif : S + had + been + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students had spoken English Pasif : English had been spoken by students
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + had + been + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O Contoh: Aktif : Students had been speaking English Pasif : English had been being spoken by students
9. Simple Future Tense
Aktif : S + will not + V1 + O Pasif : S + will be + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students will speak English Pasif : English will be spoken by students 10. Future Continuous Tense Aktif : S + will + be + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students will be speaking English Pasif : English will be being spoken by students
11. Future Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + will + have + V3 + O Pasif : S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students will have spoken English Pasif : English will have been spoken by students
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + will + have + been + being + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students will have been speaking English Pasif : English will have been being spoken by students
13. Simple Future Past Tense
Aktif : S + would + V1 + O Pasif : S + would + be + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students would speak English Pasif : English would be spoken by students
14. Future Past Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + would + be + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students would be speaking English Pasif : English would be being spoken by students
15. Future Past Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + would + have + V3 + O Pasif : S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students would have spoken English Pasif : English would have been spoken by students
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O Pasif : S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O Contoh : Aktif : Students would have been speaking English Pasif : English would have been being spoken by students