First Semester 2020/2021

AKU 3103 IKTIOLOGI

3-CREDIT COURSE (2 + 1) IN REAL FACE TO FACE SITUATION; WE
HAVE TO MAKE CHANGES, STILL 3 CREDITS BUT PRACTICAL
ASPECTS WILL BE NO FACE TO FACE LABORATORY SESSION BUT
ORGANIZED IN TERM OF ASSIGNMENTS

LECTURE: 10 – 12 (TUESDAY)

PRACTICAL (ALSO VIRTUAL): 9 – 12 (WEDNESDAY)

 Hasil Pembelajaran

Pelajar akan dapat:-

1. membanding konsep evolusi berdasarkan taksonomi,

anatomi dan biologi ikan (C4)

2. mengorganisasi kumpulan ikan berdasarkan ciri morfologi

dan anatomi (P4)

3. menerang keupayaan penyesuaian ikan berdasarkan faktor

biotik dan abiotik (A3, TS)
Course evaluation:

Week no 5: First quiz (20%)

Week no 11: Second quiz (20%)

Practical assignments: 30% (to be handed during

study week) in soft copy

Final exam: 30 % (During exam week)

Everyone should know how to use Putrablast
Know your E-SMP
A. FISHERIES PROVIDES HUMANS
WITH A VARIETY OF PRODUCTS
AND SERVICES

Food for humans

– Over 90% of fish caught and cultured

are used by humans as their food
either in fresh or processed forms
Foods for human beings
UN FAO: State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002

Fish
consumption on
the increasing
trend on par
with the
increase in
human
populations
Pharmaceutical and health products – fish are
processed into many pharmaceutical and health products for humans.

E.g. Sea cucumber oil (minyak gamat), sea cucumber juice (air gamat),
snakehead fish cream (krim ikan haruan), leech oil (minyak lintah),
mudskipper oil (minyak belacak), cod liver oil (minyak ikan kod),
chitosan (from exoskeleton of crustaceans), spirulina capsules,
chlorella capsules, hirudin from leeches, ‘blue blood’ from horseshoe
crabs, live fish at spas to clean skin, etc.

For example, chitosan

is made up of the
exoskeleton (outside
cuticles) of a
crustacean. The cuticle
is made of chitin which
gives rise to the
prooduct chitosan
 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FROM FISHERIES FOR
HUMANS (continued)
• Ornaments for women – fisheries provide ornaments for women such as
pearl’s necklace
• Spawning-inducing hormones for cultured fishes – produced from
pituitary glands of some fish species such as common carps. Hormones
injected into male and female brood fish to hasten reproduction and
spawning
• Ornamental fish rearing hobby – fish with unique characteristics that
make people want to keep them simply to observe them in aquarium or
ornamental fish ponds are called ornamental fishes
• Phycocolloids – products from seaweeds used in many food and non-food
industries. Some phycocolloids: carrageenan, agar or agar-agar and
alginate. Used as food thickener and emulsifier in ice creams and
canned foods, hardener in tire and textile industry, etc.
• Recreational fishing – a type of recreation derived from fisheries in
which people fish primarily for fun, leisure and hobby all of which make
up recreation.
Phycocolloids – products
from seaweeds used in many
food and non-food industries.
Some phycocolloids:
carrageenan, agar or agar-agar
and alginate. Used as food
thickener and emulsifier in ice
creams and canned foods,
hardener in tire and textile
industry, etc.
Ornamental fish – fish with unique characteristics that make
people want to keep them simply to observe them in aquarium or
ornamental fish ponds are called ornamental fishes
 Ornaments for women
– fisheries provide ornaments
for women such as pearl’s
necklace

Spawning-inducing
hormones for cultured
fishes – produced from
pituitary glands of some
fish species such as common
carps. Hormones injected
into male and female brood
fish to hasten reproduction
and spawning
HEALTH BENEFITS OF FISH AND
SHELLFISH TO CONSUMERS
The fat contents of fish varies between 15-20%, so fish is
considered to be low in fat

Fish have good combination of amino acids well suited to human

nutritional requirements. Amino acids are building blocks of
proteins. Fish have high content of lysine which is low in a
cereal like rice.

Fish and fishery products are high in vitamins, particularly

vitamins A, B and D

Fish have good selection of minerals, especially phosphorus,

calcium, and iron. Marine fish have high contents of trace
elements and iodine

Fish have high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

which are essential in lowering blood cholesterol levels
 EXAMPLES OF FIN FISHES

Sea perch
Tilapia Catfish

Pomfret Flatfish Catfish

Sole
Shark Eel
The anatomy of Lampanyctodes hectoris(1) - operculum (gill cover),
(2) - lateral line, (3) - dorsal fin, (4) - fat fin, (5) - caudal peduncle, (6) -
caudal fin, (7) - anal fin, (8) - photophores, (9) - pelvic fins (paired),
(10) - pectoral fins (paired)
 OTHER PARTS OF A FIN
FISH BODY:
Placoid
1. SCALES (Sisik) – Provide armour
to protect fish interior organs
from injuries and parasite and
microbial attacks. Several types
of scales – placoid, ganoid,
ctenoid, cycloid and cosmoid
(lungfish). Some fishes don’t have
scales e.g. catfishes and eels

Ganoid
Cycloid scales as seen in most cyprinids
Positions of the fish's
mouths:
(a)- terminal,
(b) - superior,
(c) – subterminal or
inferior
Different body
forms of marine
and freshwater
fishes
 SIZES

• Some fin fishes are very large e,g, WHALE SHARK AND WHITE SHARK.

•Some fin fishes are very small e.g. ANCHOVIES AND GUPPIES

•Largest fish in the world is WHALE SHARK.

•The smallest fish in the world is Paedocyprris spp.

Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) Cyprinid Paedocypris progenetica

A platinum arowana - is a
mutant fish with virtually no
color in its body. The
owners recently turned
down an $80,000 offer to
sell, making it one of the
world's most expensive
fishes. It's apparently the
only one of its kind in
Singapore.
In 2007, a restaurant in China bought a rare giant golden tigerfish
for $75,000, believing the fish to be an omen of good luck. The
fish, caught off the southern coast of China, was almost six feet
long and weighed 105 pounds
Ugliest fish ever
photographed ??

Leafy seadragon Phycodurus eques

Pufferfish (Ikan buntal)
1. BONY FISHES (Ikan Bertulang Keras)
Class OSTEICHTHYES

2.CARTILAGINOUS FISH (Ikan Bertulang

Lembut / Ikan Rawan)
Class: CHONDRICHTHYES

• JAWLESS FISH (Ikan Tanpa Rahang)

Superclass: AGNATHA
Coelacanth has been found recently in Manado Sulawesi
Indonesia and in Madagascar Africa
SARCOPTERGII – LUNGFISH (IKAN PARU-PARU)
Coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae and the Latimeria menadoensis are the
only two living coelacanth species and are found along the coastlines of
the Indian Ocean.
Examples of cartilaginous fishes
CARTILAGINOUS FISH – CHIMAERA (HOLOCEPHALII)