Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,

Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, NOV-DEC, 2021, VOL- 9/68

dSyk'k oktis;h dh dfork esa xgu vk/;kfRed fopkj dh mifLFkfr

lfjrk oekZ1] Ph. D. & dkS'ky2] Ph. D.

1,lksfl,V izksQslj ,oa foHkkxk/;{k] esjB dkWfyt] esjB
2fganh foHkkx

Paper Received On: 21 DEC 2021

Peer Reviewed On: 31 DEC 2021
Published On: 1 JAN 2022

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

lkfgR; ;k dkO; dh dksbZ Hkh fo|k vius ;qx dk niZ.k gksrh gSA ,d psru cqf) ds dfo dh
jpuk dHkh Hkh fopkj 'kwU; ugha gks ldrhA dSyk'k oktis;h th vius ;qx ds lcls vf/kd
fparu'khy dfo;ksa esa ls ,d FksA mudh jpukvksa esa ckj&ckj xgu fopkj'khyrk ds n'kZu gksrs gSaA
mudh jpukvksa esa izkIr gksus okys fopkj fofo/k xaHkhj fo"k;ksa ls tqM+s FksA muds lkfgR; esa [kkldj
mudh dforkvksa esa fn[kus okyh fopkj dh mifLFkfr bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd os vius ;qx dh
leL;kvksa ds izfr tkx:d FksA os mUgsa ckj&ckj mBkrs Fks] muds gy lq>krs FksA
dSyk'k oktis;h th dh jpukvksa esa vktknh dk ?kVukØe] mlds ckn dh fLFkfr] iM+kl
s h
ns'kksa ds lkFk ;q)] ns'k dh vkarfjd n'kk vkfn dk Li"V fp=.k gqvk gSA blds lkFk&lkFk dfo ds
O;fDrxr fopkj] mudk fodkl] mudh fn'kk vkfn Hkh mudh jpukvksa esa Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
dSyk'k oktis;h th dforkvksa dh mÙkjoÙkhZ dforkvksa esa xgu vk/;kfRed Hkko dh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA
os Lo;a dgrs Fks] ^^eSa vius dks lkoZHkkSfedrk ls tqM+k gqvk dfo ekurk gw¡] tks fujarj vius vga dk
vkRe'kks/ku djus esa jr~ gSA** fo'o Kku&foKku ls lai`Dr mudk dfo eu ckj&ckj Jhen~Hkkxor]
egkHkkjr] jkek;.k ds iqjk&izlaxksa vkSj Hkkjrh; n'kZu dh vkSj ykSVrs gq, ;gh trkrk gS fd varr%
og blh egkns'k dh /kwy&feV~Vh vkSj tyok;q dk dfo gSA
dSyk'k oktis;h th dh vkjafHkd fparu'khy jpukvksa ls gh ;g Li"V Fkk fd vo'; gh
mudh mÙkjorhZ jpuk,¡ xgu fparu'khy Hkko ls iw.kZ gksx
a hA ^i`Foh dk d`".ki{k* izca/k dkO; dh
Hkwfedk esa mUgksaus fy[kk gS& ^^lc ns'kksa dh dfork vius orZeku vkSj vrhr ls izsfjr izHkkfor gqvk
djrh gSaA iqjk[;ku gekjh tkrh; Le`fr dk egRoiw.kZ vax gSA iqjk[;ku ¼feFkd½ ds fo"k; esa ekU;rk
;g gS fd iqjk[;ku] psruk vkSj :f<+ dk varZukV~; gS] tks gekjs vkn~;fpr ij iM+sa izHkkofcEcksa dks

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le;&le; ij vkanksfyr djrh gSA if'pe us bfrgkl fy[ksA geus iqjk[;ku ft,A ,slk blfy,
fd geus dky dks rky ;k dq¡vk ugha cfYd geus le; dks ,slh unh ekuk tks lnkuhjk gS vkSj
mldk c[kku tc Hkh dksbZ djsxk eqgkojk ges'kk iqjk[;ku dk gh jgsxkA Jhen~Hkkxor ls izsfjr
^i`Foh dk d`".k i{k* Hkh ,d ,slk gh dkO; gSA**1
mDr dkO; esa vle; volku gh ijhf{kr dh ihM+k gSA ijhf{kr dks e`R;q dk iwoZ Kku ugha
gS] blfy, og mls ^ck¡l dh csVh* rd dg nsrk gSA okLrfodrk rks ;g gS fd dsoy ijhf{kr gh
ugha] lalkj esa ,slk dksbZ Hkh rks ugha gS] ftls e`R;q dk iwjk Kku gksA fdlh thfor euq"; vFkok izk.kh
dks e`R;q dk iw.kZ cks/k gksuk laHko Hkh rks ugha gSA ge lnSo nwljksa dks vLr gksrs gq,] ejrs gq, ns[krs
gSaA viuh e`R;q rks dksbZ ns[k gh ugha ldrk rks tkusxk dSls\ vk¡[ksa Hkh tSls iwjk lalkj ns[krh gS]
ijarq Lo;a vius dks dHkh ugha ns[k ikrhA niZ.k Hkh mUgsa muds izfrfcEc ds n'kZu djk ldrk gS]
ijarq os Lo;a rks vius vkidks dHkh ns[k gh ugha ikrhA thou dh Hkk¡fr e`R;q Hkh ,d 'kk'or lR; gS
ijarq mlds vfLrRo dh lPpkbZ dk cks/k euq"; dks thrs th ugha gks ikrkA
fgUnw ifjokj esa tUesa dSyk'k oktis;h ds vUnj bZ'oj vkSj mldh vkLFkk ds Hkkoksa ds cht
xgu Hkko&jatuk dh Hkk¡fr cpiu esa gh vadqfjr gks x, FksA mez c<+us ds lkFk bu vadqfjr chtksa dk
fodkl gksrk x;kA O;fDr ij mlds ckY;dky ds laLdkjksa dk lnSo gh nh?kZdkfyd izHkko gksrk gSA
dSyk'k oktis;h dh dforkvksa ij fn[kus okyh vk/;kfRed Nki muds mUgha laLdkjksa dk ewrZ :i gSA
^^d`".k rqe vkvks@bl rjg u ml rjg@lc rjg mrjks iksj&iksj esa lek
tkvks u@vdsys jgdj Hkh@niZ.k ij lcdh Js;l
ijNkbZ cus izfrfcac@ckn es@
a [kkyh dk [kkyh@jgs lUukVk@
xk,@euq";rk@lkjk vfLrRo@mRlo cu tk,@vkvksA**2
fdlh Hkh euq"; ds xgu vk/;kfRed fopkj okLro esa mlds O;fDrRo ds ifjpk;d gksrs gSaA
fdlh dfo ;k lkfgR;dkj dh jpukvksa esa vk/;kfRed fopkjksa dh ijNkbZ gesa ;g crkrh gS fd
okLro esa vius O;fDrxr thou esa Hkh vewd O;fDr fdl izdkj dk O;fDrRo] lksp] fopkj vkSj
fparu j[krk gSA dSyk'k oktis;h th dh mÙkjorhZ jpuk,¡ muds O;fDrRo ds blh igyw ls gekjk
ifjp; djkrh gSaA
dSyk'k oktis;h th ds vuqlkj thou esa ^nq%[k* dk eq[; dkj.k ^ca/ku* gSA ;g lR; Hkh gS
;fn gesa thou esa lc dqN] tks Hkh ge djuk pkgs djus dh iw.kZ Lora=rk gksA gekjh Lora=rk
lkekftd] uSfrd] vkfFkZd ;k fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ Hkh ^ca/ku* ;k ^vM+pu* u gks rks ge ^nq%[k* ls
ifjp; Hkh u dj ldsx
a As ge tks ikuk pkgrs gSa] mls izkIr u dj ikus ds dkj.k gh os lc vM+pus
;k ca/ku gSa] ftuds dkj.k ge nq%[kh gksrs gSa] ijarq lgh vFkZ esa ns[kk tk, rks nq%[k gh rks lq[k dk

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cht gSA ftlus nq%[k dh ihM+k ugha Hkksxh og okLro esa lq[k ds vlyh Hkko dk vuqHko ugha dj
ldrkA u gh og lq[k dk vFkZ le> ldrk gS vkSj u gh mldh dksbZ O;k[;k dj ldrk gSA
^^?kj] diM+]s ukSdjh] 'kgj fcuk cnys
fcuk izkFkZuk ;k miokl ds@rqe tks mÙkj pys vk, gks]
Q+uk gksus bl leqnz es@
a bls dksbZ uke ugha nsuk
ukeksa esa cM+k [krjk gS@mezHkj rqe vlhek ds okLrs
lhek esa jgdj jks;s gks@¼nq%[k iSnk gh gksrk gS cafn'k ds vglkl ls½**3
dfo us Lo;a bl lR; dk vuqHko fd;k FkkA lalkj esa dksbZ Hkh O;fDr izlUu ugha gSA lcls
ikl nq%[kh gksus ds vyx&vyx dkj.k gS] ijarq fQj Hkh varr% lHkh nq%[kh gh gSA
dSyk'k oktis;h th dh Hkk¡fr gh Nk;kokn ds vk/kkj LraHk ^lqfe=kuanu iar* vkSj ^egknsoh
oekZ* us Hkh lalkj dks] Lo;a dks nq%[ke; ekuk gSA os nq%[k ds lkFk viukiu vuqHko djrs gSaA egknsoh
th dh ;s iafDr;k¡ bl lanHkZ esa n`"VO; gSa&
^^fiz; ftlus nq%[k ikyk gks@ftu izk.kksa ls fyiVh gks ihM+k lqjf{kr panu lh
rwQkuksa dh Nk;k gks ftldks fiz; vkfyaxu lh
ftldks thou gh gkjs gksa t; ds vfHkuUnu lh
oj nks esjk ;g vk¡lw@mlds mj dh ekyk gksA**4
bl lalkj esa nq%[kh gksus ds lcds ikl vyx&vyx dkj.k gS] ijarq nq%[k ds izfr tSlk
viukiu vkSj yxko Nk;koknh jpukvksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA oSlk mÙkjorhZ jpukvksa esa ns[kus dks ugha
feyrkA nq%[k dk ewy dkj.k ^ca/ku* gS vkSj bPNk Hkh ,d ^aca/ku* gh gSA euq"; dh vusd bPNk,¡ gksrh
gSa] ftUgsa iwjk djus ds fy, og fo'ks"k rjhds ls dqN fo'ks"k dk;Z djrk gS vkSj var esa fQj blh lc
esa og viuh ewy Lora=rk x¡ok nsrk gSA ge lc vc thou dks Lora=rkiwoZd oSls ugha thrs] tSl s
ge mls thuk pkgrs FksA vfirq ge viuh bPNkvksa ds ca/ku esa ca/kdj mUgha ds vuqlkj thus yxrs
gSaA
dSyk'k oktis;h th us vkRek ds ijekRek ls lac/a k dks igpku fy;k FkkA bldh Li"V >yd
muds lkfgR; esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA os dgha Hkh e`R;q ls Hk;Hkhr izrhr ugha gksrsA os iwjh meax vkSj
mRlkg ls thou dks thrs pyrs gSaA muds fy, thou ftruk lR; gS e`R;q Hkh mruh gh fuf'pr
vkSj lR; gS] tks O;fDr thou vkSj ej.k ds jgL; dk tku ysrk gS budh lR;rk vkSj 'kk'orrk dks
le> ysrk gSA og okLro esa lHkh ca/kuksa ls eqDr gks tkrk gSA ,slk O;fDr lalkj esa jgrs gq,] vius
lHkh nkf;Roksa dk fuokZg djrs gq, Hkh muesa fyIr ugha gksrk] og d`".k dh Hkk¡fr deZ;ksxh gks tkrk
gSA

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^^muds laxzg ^egkLoIu dk e/;karj* dh dfork,¡ izkjfEHkd laxzgksa ls fcYdqy vyx gSA ;gk¡
ls dSyk'k oktis;h Hkkjrh; vkSj fo'o n'kZu] ikSjkf.kd vk[;kuks]a feFkdh; pfj=ksa dh rjQ ykSVrs gSaA
e`R;q ij fparu djrs] euq"; ds vfLrRo vkSj mldh lkaLd`frd&lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa dks fofHkUu
dks.kksa ls ns[kus&ij[kus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA psru vkSj vopsru eu ls laokn djrs gSaA bl rjg
mudh dforkvksa esa nk'kZfud vkSj vk/;kfRed vkHkk nhIr gksrh gSA**5
dSyk'k oktis;h th dh mÙkjorhZ jpukvksa esa muds nksuksa izca/k dkO; muds vk/;kfRed
fopkjksa ds rks izek.k gS gh] lkFk gh os muds eu] thou ij d`".k ds izHkko ds Hkh izek.k gSaA d`".k
^xhrk* ds iz.ksrk gSa vkSj ^xhrk* Hkkjro"kZ esa fgUnw /keZ ds deZ&vdeZ] dÙkZO; vkSj eqfr ds ekxZ dk
lcls fo'ouh; L=ksr ekuk tkrk gSaA dfo us viuh jpukvksa esa thou e`R;q eqfDr laca/kh vius
vk/;kfRed fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr dh gSA
le; dk leqnz nh[krk ugha@Hkwxksy ls ysdj [kxksy rd
;g [kkyhiu tks gesa ?ksjs gS@D;k dgk tk,
mls vkl&ikl ;k fQj vkdk'k@mldk c;ku@
ckr ugha Hkk"kk ds cl dh@le> dh lrg ij
bruk Hkj nh[krk@mx jgha dksaiys@>j jgs iÙks uhys ids
;g QVk cht] /kjk /kldh@;g pyh lk¡l
clh cLrh@fQj ikuh ikuh lcA**6
lalkj esa gekjs ns[kus ls yxrk gS fd thou&e`R;q] vkuk&tkuk yxk gh jgrk gSA lalkj es a
tho tUe ysrk gS vkSj le;&vle; viuk deZ djds pyk tkrk gSA ijarq ;g lpeqp Bhd oS lk
ugha gS] tSlk ge bls ns[krs gSaA tkuk ;k vkuk rks gksrk gh ugha] dsoy :i gh cnyrk gSA vkRek
vFkok izk.krRo dsoy viuk ckgjh vkoj.k gh cnyrk gSA ijarq D;k lpeqp ^vkRek* ;k izk.krRo dh
eqfDr laHko ugha gS\ blh iz'u dh [kkst esa cq) vkSj egkohj us vius jktlh oSHko dks R;kxdj ou
xeu fd;k FkkA dSyk'k oktis;h th us Hkh vkRek ;k izk.krRo dh eqfDr ds fo"k; esa xgu :i ls
fopkj fd;k FkkA fopkj gh ugha cfYd vius <ax ls 'kkL=ksa] xzUFkksa vkfn ds v/;;u }kjk bl iz'u
dk gy [kkst fy;k FkkA gy ogh gS] deZ djrs gq, Hkh mlesa lafyIr u gksus dh dyk dks tks O;fDr
lh[k x;k] og lalkj esa jgrs gq, Hkh] vius lHkh deZ djrs gq, Hkh lHkh ca/kuksa ls eqDr gks tkrk gSA
dSyk'k oktis;h ds ledkyhu jgs yhyk/kj txwM+h th us vkRek dks ,d uohu :i esa ns[kk
gS&
^^esjh vkRek yksgkj@ftanxh ls jkst yksgk ysrh gS
esjh vkRek /kksch gS@eu dk eSy vk¡lqvksa ls /kksrh gS
esjh vkRek dqEgkj gS@liuksa dh feV~Vh ls vkdkj cukrh gS
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esjh vkRek c<+bZ gS@jkst dksbZ u dksbZ [kqjkn ysrh gS

fdlh Hkh vkRek dh dksbZ tkfr ugha gksrh
;gk¡ fdlh Hkh ,d jke ls dke ugha pyus okyk
eSa vkRekjke Hkh gw¡ flQZ eksphjke gh ugha
jksVh jke Hkh gw¡ flQZ jke jksVh gh ughaA**7
ijarq dSyk'k oktis;h th ds fopkj bl fo"k; esa xgu vkSj fHkUu izrhr gksrs gSaA muds
vk/;kfRed fopkjksa dh xgurk dh dqN eki rks bUgha iafDr;ksa ls gks tkrh gS&
^^^eSa vkSj e`R;q* ;gh nks egkjksx@[kk, pys tk jgs@nqfu;k dks!
tc dHkh pksV yxs eu dks@/;ku ls fugkjuk
rqEgsa ml ?kko esa viuh vgark dk@gh vDl nh[ksxk
nk¡o gkjh gqbZ ckth dk@mis{kk&,d cl ;gh Hkj mik; gS
ihM+k ls cspus dk@jgh e`R;q@mldk mipkj gS@foiLlukA**8
mDr iafDr;ksa esa dfo us Hkxoku cq) ds fn[kk, x, ekxZ ij pydj thou dh gj ihM+k ls
cpus dk mik; crk;k gSA dfo us laHkor% ckS) /keZ ds lk/kuk&iFk ^foi';uk* dk lk{kkr~ vuqHko
fd;k gSA ftl fo'okl ls os bls ^e`R;q* dk mipkj crk jgs gSa mlls rks ;gh izrhr gksrk gS fd os
Lo;a Hkh bl ekxZ ij dqN ix gh lgh ij pys gSaA ikfy Hkk"kk ds 'kCn ^foiLluk* ftls fganh esa
^foi';uk* dgrs gSa] ,d vn~Hkqr ifj.kke nsus okyh ckS) lk/kuk i)fr gSA xhrk esa tks fy[kk gS fd
;fn euq"; deZ esa laf{kIr gq, fcuk deZ djrk gS rks mls eks{k vFkkZr~ eqfDr dh izkfIr gks ldrh gSA
^foi';uk* cl ;gh fl[kkrh gS] blh dk vH;kl djkrh gS fd euq"; deZ djrs gq, Hkh mlesa fyIr
gksus ls dSls cpsA blh fo"k; ij dSyk'k oktis;h th ds fopkj Jh t;'kadj izlkn th ds lqizfl)
egkdkO; ^dkek;uh* dh bu iafDr;ksa ls i;kZIr lkE;rk j[krs gSa&
^^deZlw=&ladsr ln`'k Fkh@lkseyrk rc euq dks
p<+h f'ktuh lh] [khapk fQj@mlus tohu /kuq dks
gq, vxzlj ls ekxZ es@
a NwVs rhj ls fQj os
;K&;K dh dVq&iqdkj ls@jg u lds vc fFkj osA**9
deZiFk ij c<+dj gh euq"; bl thou dh Å¡pkbZ;ksa dks Nw ldrk gS rFkk viuh vkRek dh
eqfDr dk ekxZ Hkh iz'kLr dj ldrk gSA
fu"d"kZr% dSyk'k oktis;h th dh dforkvksa esa vk/;kfRed Hkko ls lacaf/kr fopkjksa dh
mifLFkfr ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bl Hkko ds vHkko esa thou ml iq"i ds leku gS] ftlesa lqx/a k ugha
gksrhA ,d O;fDr fdruk ;ksX; gks ijarq vk/;kfRed Hkko ds vHkko esa og euq"; ek= ds fy,

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mi;ksxh ugha gks ldrkA vk/;kfRed Hkko euq"; ek= ds laLdkjksa dk vk/kkj gS] ftldh mifLFkfr
oktis;h th ds dkO; esa c[kwch ns[kus dks feyrh gSA
lanHkZ xzaFk lwph

dSyk'k oktis;h % i`Foh dk d`".ki{k dh Hkwfedk] i`ŒlaŒ 7

dSyk'k oktis;h % fogku ¼i`Foh dk d`".k i{k½] i`ŒlaŒ 113
dSyk'k oktis;h % lwQhukek ¼lwQhukek½] i`ŒlaŒ 10
MkWŒ v#.ksUnz flag jkBkSj % egknsoh oekZ dk dkO; psruk] i`ŒlaŒ 116
tulÙkk& laikndh; i`"B ls mn~/k`r] 2 vizSy 2015
dSyk'k oktis;h % ds'ko us dgk&3 ¼Mwck&lk vuMwck rkjk½] i`ŒlaŒ 35
yhyk/kj txwM+h % ftrus yksx mrus izse] i`ŒlaŒ 38
dSyk'k oktis;h % ns'kuk&3 ¼Mwck lk vuMwck rkjk½] i`ŒlaŒ 90
t;'kadj izlkn % dkek;uh ¼deZ] lxZ dkek;uh½] i`ŒlaŒ 39

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