HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Climate change is an environmental issue that is of concern to the world, including

Indonesia. It's important that these days we can go deeper into this issue. This is
because there is a connection with various aspects of people's lives. Climate change
itself also has an impact on the increase in hydrometeorological disasters (extreme
weather) such as floods, landslides, droughts, tornadoes, and high waves. Many factors
cause climate change both from human intervention and not. However, this discussion
will be more focused on human activities where carbon emissions are overused. Carbon
emissions are gasses released from the combustion of carbon-containing chemical
compounds. Examples such as CO2, exhaust gasses from burning gasoline, diesel,
wood, leaves, LPG gas, and other fuels containing hydrocarbons. This is what causes
air pollution, so it is very clear on its impact on worsening environmental and human
health.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) which coordinates the environmental
activities of the United Nations by helping developing countries implement policies on
nature and promote sustainable development in the world states that "as many as 6.5
million people die each year from exposure to poor air quality. In addition, 70% of
deaths from air pollution occur in the Asia Pacific", (including Indonesia). The
transportation sector is a major source of pollution in urban areas. Motor vehicle
emissions contribute 70% to pollution of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide
(CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), and Particulates (PM) in urban areas. Thus, there need to
be other energy alternatives in the use of vehicles, so that this air pollution does not
further aggravate the state of the environment and humans.
Electric cars can be one of the alternatives that can be used to replace car fuels that
use fossil fuels (gasoline), and with this alternative replaced with electricity that uses
lithium batteries. In Indonesia, abundant natural resources are no exception in the
mining sector. Nickel is a mining material that is the main raw material in the
manufacture of lithium batteries. With the largest component in the manufacture of
electric cars being batteries, its composition is about 40%. The benefits of electric cars
in addition to reducing high carbon emissions can also reduce costs much cheaper than
fossil fuel cars. Because as we all know too often oil prices are tumultuous, and oil
reserves continue to thin which makes people think about looking for energy
alternatives.