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Quizlet Literatura Inglesa 2
Quizlet Literatura Inglesa 2
Quizlet Literatura Inglesa 2
1. 13 Vendémiaire: Date of the year IV (5 October 1795), in which the young general Napoleon Bonaparte crushed the Royalists who tried
to seize power in Paris. First month in the French republican calendar.
2. 1814 Copyright Act: The act that extended copyright to twenty-eight years from the date of publication, or until the end of the author's
lifetime providing authors with greater protection for their works.
3. Abolitionism: European and American social, political and cultural movement directed against the British Atlantic trade in slaves.
4. The Ache of Modernism: A phrase occurred in Tess of d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy when Angel remarks that Tess has it, referring to
the dislike for the repercussions of the industrial revolution, the extinction of rural life, the implacable roles of caste, gender, and
morality in Victorian england.
5. Act of Union of 1800: A further consequence of the abortive rebellion of 1797-8 by United Irishmen which brought Ireland under the
auspices of the British Parliament.
6. Affective individualism: Term applied to a change in family life in which authoriatarian and patriarchal family gave way to a more
closely entwined unit held together by values based on respect, loyalty and filial obedience.
7. Agamemnon: In Homer's Iliad the king commanding the Greeks in the siege of Troy. Appeared in a line od Don Juan, translated from a
Latin ode by Horace.
8. The Age of Reason: Thomas Paine's book which demystified Christian orthodoxy, seeking to establish a pure deism.
9. Agrarian Justice: Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1796 which claimed that land rights derived from commonality and argued for a
land tax to militate against rural poverty.
10. An Albatross - "hanged round his neck" by his shipmates: Bird shot by the ancient mariner.
11. Albert Hancock: The author of a study in historical criticism published in 1899: 'The French Revolution and the English Poets'.
12. Albion: Name given by William Blake to a giant man, symbol of universal humanity, who is a sort of God and the whole cosmos. This
universal man was self divided first into the the four Zoas, the four primal faculties or chief powers and component aspects of
humanity: Tharmas, Urizen, Luvah and Urthona.
13. Alfred, lord Tennyson: English poet, often regarded as the chief representative of the victorian age in poetry. He was the author of:
- In Memoriam (1850), a chiefly elegiac work which reflects the Victorian struggle to reconcile tradicional religious faith with the
emerging theories of evolution and modern geology.
- Enoch Arden (1864), a fisherman who is shipwrecked and, he returns home after ten years in a desert island.
- Maud, experimental monologue (1855) in which a morbid narrator who falls in love with Maud.
- Idylls of the King, a large-scale epic. Poetic treatment of the Arthurian legend.
14. Alfred Tennynson: Author of the poem In Memorian which expresses the resilience of faith in the face of uncertainty. Many see it as
witness to the homoerotic desire the poet experienced in his youth for Arthur Henry Hallam, the subject of his elegy.
Also author of The Princess (1847), the fantasy of a women's college from whose precincts all males are excluded.
15. Angel Clare: Fictional character, the idealistic husband of the title character in Tess of d'Urbervilles (1891) by Thomas Hardy. He is
disillusioned by Tess's revelations to hism, but he eventually come to terms with his love for her.
16. The Angel in the House (1854): Coventry Patmore's narrative poem which is an idealised account of Patmore's courtship of his first
wife, Emily, whom he believed to be the perfect woman.
17. Annals of the Fine Arts: Keat's book published in Haydon, including Ode on a Grecian Urn..
18. Anne Brontë: Author of Agnes Grey which explores the opportunities of women.
19. Arden Holt: Author of Etiquette for Ladies and Girls from The Girl's Own PAper (1880)
20. Armida: Including in Don Juan: the sorceress in Torquato Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered (1581) who seduces Rinaldo into forgetting his
vows as a crusader.
21. Arturian epic: Tennyson's The Idylls uses the body of this legend to construct a vision of civilization's rise and fall.
22. Austen's with its concern with provincial society, its satire of human motives,: ...
23. The Bairam's feasts: Religious festival performed in the tale The Giaour.
24. Ballad stanza: The four-line stanza, known as a quatrain, most often found in the folk ballad. This poetic form appears in Coleridge's
The Ancient Mariner. Coleridge sometimes expands the stanza to six lines or more.
25. Battle of Trafalgar in 1805: Battle in which Nelson annihilated the French fleet, receding the threat of French invasion.
26. Benjamin Disraeli: A British Conservative politician (statesman) and writer (novelist) who twice serves as Prime Minister. He was born
into a Jewish family and becomes one of Queen Victoria's acknowledged favourites. He opposed to Peel's repeal of the Corn Laws in
1846. He successfully managed the Second Reform Bill. Hi secured a considerable stake in the Suez canal Company and handled the
controversy regarding the Turkish Empire.
Movement which marked a profound shift in sensibility , a violent reaction against eighteenth-century Enlightenment thought with its
emphasis on "reason" as the predominant human faculty.
328. Romanticism: The unprecedent centrality of the natural world and landscape. Main English representants William Blake or Jane Austen.
329. Romanticism: Characteristics: creative powers of imagination, new looking to nature, preference for the sublime (mountains, glaciers,
exotic settings, communion with nature means the unity of being or the trascendence, indiidual experience, artist described as a sage,
philosopher, prophet and religious saviour.
330. Romantic novel: Gothic was the most popular genre at that time, but by the 1790's the novel form was deployed to participate in the
political debate of the time
331. "Romantic period" writing: The period as covering the years between the 1780s and the 1830s. The work that is written, published or
read in the period 1780-1835.
332. The Royal Academy: English institution founded in 1768 by Sir Joshua Reynolds for the visual arts, which organised an annual
exhibitionn of paintings, sculture and drawings in Somerset House.
333. the "Saints": Claphamites' nickname who exerted a powerful influence on the governing circles of English society and in part,
responsible for the reformation of manners that occurred within the Regency period.
334. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Author of Conversation Poems, Kubla Khan and Christabel.
-A periodical, The Friend.
-A tragedy, Remorse
-Biographia Literaria, Zapolya.
Associated with radical and reformists politics: too much sensibility might lead to the over-cultivation of the senses at the espense of
reason and judgement.
346. Sentimental Novel: An eighteenth-century or early nineteenth-century novel emphasizing
pathos rather than reason and focusing on an optimistic view of the essential goodness of human nature. Examples include Laurence
Sterne's A Sentimental Journey, Oliver Goldsmith's The Vicar of
Wakefield, and Henry Mackenzie's The Man of Feeling.
347. Separate spheres: Doctrine of a traditional view of male and female roles. Victorian society was preoccupied not only with legal and
economic limitations on women's lives but with the very nature of woman.
348. Shallower brain: Tennyson's ironic phrase used to express that women naturally deserved a dependent role as it was accepted their
brain was less valuable as it was more lightweight.
349. Shelley: was something of a scandalous figure for Regency England; he was famously expelled from Oxford as a consequence of his
pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism and his first wife committed suicide after he notoriously eloped with Mary Godwin. He was
drowned a month before his thirteeth birthday in a boating accident off the coast of Italy.
350. Shelley: Poet who was more of an optimist about humanity's capacity for improvement than the more pessimistic Byron and this
shows in the visionary nature of much of his writing. He was also one of the greatest lyric poets of the age, producing some of the
most accomplished Romantic shorter poems, including "To a Skylark and "Ode to the West Wind." He developed his political ideas in
a number of works. His "Ode to the West Wind" envisions the autumnal wind as a cleansing force, removing the diseased and corrupt
and transforming the world for a new spring and awakending.
351. the silver-fork novels: Fashionable subgenre in the late-1820s and 1830s, despicting the high society.
352. Sir Walter Scott: Author of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802-3) and The Lay of the Last Minstrel
353. Skeptical idealism: Shelley's thought: hope in a redemption from present social ills is not an intellectual certainty but a moral
obligation. I.e. Mont Blanc," express his view of the narrow limits of what human beings can know with certainty and exemplify his
refusal to let his hopes harden into a philosophical or religious creed.
354. Slave narrative: was a special and popular form of autobiography. Several important life stories by former slaves were published
during the Romantic era. Many Romantic period writers wrote against the transatlantic slave trade. Blake's "Little Black Boy" raises
issues about the representation of slaves and the limits of the abolitionists' sympathy. Mary Wollstonecraft's equation between women
and slavery was not shared by all, but did indicate a female sensitivity to the slave trade.
355. Slave trade: Activity sat between 1680 and 1783 in which more than two million African slaves were transported to the British colonies.
356. Social Darwinism: Term used to refer the idea that people, like plants and animals, are subject to the processes of natural selection.
Works related to this concept: The Descent of Man (1871), and Selection in Relation to Sex.
357. Socialist movement of 1880: ...
358. "Social-problem" novels: Novels that use the condicion of the governeesss to stage critiques of the political, economic and social
conditions that restrict women. ie. Brontë sisters' novels.
359. The Society for the Suppression of Vice (1802): A 19th-century English society dedicated to promoting public morality. It targeted
gambling and drinking as activites to repress.
360. Solipsism: The belief that only your own experiences and existence can be known.
361. Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1794): It manifests Blake's concern with the dialectic of two extages of life, through which the
individual must pass. It contains many of Blake's most famous lyrics: London, The Tyger, THe Chimmeney Sweeper', The Fly, The Lamb,
and Holy Thursday.
362. Sorcerer/Sorceress: In stories, a man/woman who has magical powers and who uses them to harm other people.
363. South Pole - "The ice was here": Place toward where the ship was driven by a storm in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
364. spending a penny: A phrase referred to the charge exacted to use the public bathrooms in the Crystal Palace during the Great
Exhibition.
365. The Spirit of Age: An expression used to describe the hold innovation, intese individualism and questioning of neoclassicism tha
characterised Romantic poetry. WILLIAN HAZLITT chosethis phrase as the title of a collection of essays.
366. the spiritual sense: Blake's term applied to the interpretations about some events of the overall biblical plot of the creation and the
Fall.
367. stamp duty: a type of taxation on paper and vellum (pamphlets and newspapers)
368. Stationers' Company: A chartered professional body that regulated the of books and other matters.
369. Steam-driven cylinder press: Priting press introduced in the second decade of the nineteenth century.
370. St. Elmo's fire - "The death-fires": An atmospheric electricity on a ship's mast or rigging, referenced in The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner
371. The Study of Poetry: Piece of literary criticism/Essay by Matthew Arnorld whith an interest in exploring and representing subjective
states of mind.
372. Sublime: the powerful depiction of subjects that are vast, obscure, and powerful, of greatness that is incomparable or unmeasurable.
The term is related for instance to the romantic portrayal of nature.
Wordsworth stressed the importance of the sublime natural scenery in developing his spiritual, moral and imaginative nature. Nature
works to purify the mind by stimulating its spiritual and imaginative
responses through intense emotional experience, often those of terror.
373. Supermen: Name given by Bernard show to the Carlyle's "heroes" who, according to him, must be leaders of the happy followers.
Liberals and democrats, however, might call them dictators.
374. Sycamore: Tree named in Tintern Abbey
375. Synecdoche: Poetry device used when part of of something is used to refer to the whole thing.
376. Tableaux vivants: The term, borrowed from the French language, describes a group of suitably costumed actors or artist's models,
carefully posed and often theatrically lit. Throughout the duration of the display, the people shown do not speak or move. The acting
out, typically in "freeze frames", of scenes from famous paintings.
377. Tarquin: In Don Juan: A member of a legendary family of Roman kings noted for tyranny and cruelty; perhaps a reference specifically
to Lucius Tarquinus, the villain of Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece.
378. The Task: William Cowper's long blank verse poem which dealt with simple homely subjects.
379. Terza rima: three-line rhyme scheme employed by Dante in his Divine Comedy. In the three-line terza rima stanza, the first and third
lines rhyme, and the middle line does not; then the end sound of that middle line is employed as the rhyme for the first and third lines
in the next stanza. The final couplet rhymes with the middle line of the last three-line stanza. Thus each of the seven parts of "Ode to
the West" by Percy Shelly follows this scheme: ABA BCB CDC DED EE.
380. Theory of the "asssociation of ideas": Theory developed by John Locke, by which knowledge of an object is built up from the simple
ideas of perception.
381. "The Picturesque": was an eighteenth-century theory which stressed notions such as variety, irregularity, ruggedness, singularity and
chiaroscuro (patterns of light and dark) in the appreciation of landscape. Landscape should be viewed as a painting.
382. Thomas Carlyle: Inspiring the socialist mvmnt of 1880s. He is associated to the early generation of Victorian writers. Author of Sartor
Resartus, an account of the life and opinions of an imaginary philosopher, Professor Diogenes Teufelsdrockh.
- The French Revolution 1845
- Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell
- The History of Friedrich II of Prussia
- Past and Present (1843)
- Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850)
383. Thomas Clarkson: Creator of a provincial abolitionist network, after spending the autumn of 1787 in collecting reliable first-hand
information against the slave trade.
384. Thomas Gray's Sonnet on the Death of Richard West: Poem included in the Lyrical Balads' Preface
385. Thomas Hardy: Author of:
- Under the Greenwood Tree
- The Return of the Native
- Jude the Obscure (1895), his heroine justifies leaving her husband by quoting the passage from Mill's On Liberty (1859)
- Tess of the d'Urbervilles
386. Thomas Henry Huxley: Agnostic attended the British Association 1860 meeting in Oxford and defended Darwin's theories agains
Wilberforce.
387. Thomas Newcomen: The man who built the first modern steam engine in 1705, used to eliminate seepage in tin and copper mines.
388. Thornfield: Mr Rochester's home.
389. Three-deckers: A standard form of publishing for British fiction during the nineteenth century. It was a significant stage in the
development of the modern Western novel as a form of popular literature.
It was called by Henry James as a "large loose and baggy monster", that is, a multi-volume work casting its representational net over
a panoramic ast of characters.
390. Tintern Abbey: is one of the most celebrated and discussed poems of the Romantic Era. Greater Romantic lyric, a meditative poem in
measured blank verse which deals with the inner life of the poet. It is intensely personal, being hard to separate the speaker from poet
in this case and is concerned with the growth and development of his moral and imaginative self. It celebrates Wordsworth's
rediscovery of the capacity of feel. Wordsworth is restored mentally, morally and socially by the power of nature.
391. Tractarians: Members of the Oxford Movement
392. the "treason trials" of 1794: The name applied to the proceedings against a number of leading radicals for alleged high treason.
393. Turkish tales: Byron's Oriental tales in the Romantic period that describe exotic lands and featured glooming and tormented byronic
heroes, and the glamorous object of their love. I.e. The Giaour
394. Two consciousnesses: Wordsworth's term applied to himself as he is now and himself as he once was.
395. Two-part prelude: Two books of blank verse describing Wordsworth's early childhood in the northern Lake District.
396. Ulro: Blake's hell, the lower state, or limit, of bleak rationality.
397. Unity of Being: Refers to the nature itself, but not to the subject's union with it as a way to spiritual fulfilment or trascendence. - Both
the concepts of Pantheism and this term are integral to the Romantic worldviewer, but cannot be identified as synonimous.
398. Unity of being: Term introduced by romantic poet in which the possibility of transcendence can be achieved through communion with
nature.
399. urbanisation: phenomenon of the increasing concentration of the population in large cities and towns.
400. Urthona: In Blake's The Four Zoas, the unfallen state of Eden.
401. The Vampire (1819): John Polidori's novella that mischievously made Byron its model for the title character. Earlier Byron had in his
writings helped introduce the English to the Eastern Mediterranean's legends of bloodsucking evil spirits.
402. Victorian Age: Period btw 1830 and 1901.
403. The Victorian Multiplot Novel: A multi-volume work casting its representational net over a panoramic ast of characters. i.e. Vanity
Fair, Bleak House and Middlemarch
404. Victorian period: Term used to describe the period from about 1837 to 1901
405. Visionary poetry: Poetry that translates spiritual landscapes that we discover through an inner journey undertaken by intuition or
meditation. Blake and Coleridge wrote this kind of poetry.
406. Vitalists: People who hold that the presence of energy in the world was, in itself, a sign of the godhead. E. Carlyle
407. A Walk in a Workhouse: Dicken's essay about pauperism.
408. the water frame: the name given to a water-powered spinning frame created by Richard Arkwright.
409. Water-snakes: Supernatural creatures in the Rime of the Ancient Mariner
410. A water-sprite / / water-snakes: A supernatural being that supervises the natural elements in the Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
411. Waverly novels: were romantic novels written about Sir Walter Scott which were set against the Jacobite Rebellions of 1745 pitting
lowland against highland Scottland.
412. Weariness - "hours of weariness": Term applied by Wordsworth in Tintern Abbey, associated with the materialism of city or urban life.
413. the Web: One of the most prominent metaphors of George Elliot's Middlemarch
414. Wesleyan Methodist Church: Relating to the teachings of the English preacher John Wesley. The main branch of the Methodist Church
founded after the separation of the English Church in 1795. In religious thought there was a renewed stress on the individual's personal
relation to God.
415. Westmoreland: A historic county in England where Wordsworth served the government in the lucrative sinecure of Distributor of
Stamps.
416. Whitcross: The place in which Jane descends from the coach; she has left her baggage and money in the coach and now has nothing
417. White Terror: French Revolution in which feminist thought and organizing flourished, including antifeminists elements.
418. William Benbow: Energetic activist, pirate and publisher who claimed that publishers had established a monopoly to restrict the
spread of knowledge from the lower classes by inflating the price of the books.
419. William Blake: Expressed his radical free-thinking ideas in a series of visionary poems during the 1790s. Developed a technique of
engraving and printing his own designs to accompany his poetry. His 'French Revolution' transformed the political events in France into
a visionary apocalypse.
Songs of Innocence (1789)
The French Revolution (1791)
Songs of Innocence and Experience (1794)
Europe
America
The Four Zoas, Milton (1804)
Jerusalem
420. William Gladstone: A British Liberal politician. In a career lasting over sixty years, he served as Prime Minister four separate times.
421. William Hayley: Wealthy amateur of the arts supporter of William Blake and Charlotte Smith.
422. William Hazlitt: Author of The Spirit of the Age (1825)
423. William Makepeache Thackeray: Author of Vanity Fair.
424. William Morris's design company: Furnishings and decorative arts manufacturer and retailer where Dante Gabriel Rossetti was
working.
425. William Wordsworth (1770-1850): Poet who wrote the famous Preface for "Lyrical Ballads with a Few Other Poems" (1798), defending
the poets use of the language rally used by men and the rustic nature of their subjects. Other works:
-Descriptive Sketches (1793)
-Poems, in Two Volumes
-The Excursion (1814)
-Ode to Duty (1804)
-Surprised by Joy
-Extempore Effusion
426. The Woman Question: A phrase usually used in connection with a social change in the latter half of the nineteenth century which
questioned the fundamental roles of women.
427. The Women of England: Sarah Ellis's popular work of 1839 which is a manual of inspirational advice now usually classified with more
practical books like Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management (1861) as "domestic conduct literature."
428. Women poets: They were publishing huge amounts of poetry at the same time as their male counterparts, although they don't fit in
the aesthetic of Romanticism. Ana Leticia Barbauld, Mary Robinson, Anna Seward, Charlotte Smith, Helen Maria Williams, L.E.L.
(Laetitia Elizabeth Landon) to name a few. Women tended to write about their own sensibility, feminine instinct and female duty. They
were more interested in the "quotidian" or "domestic" than in male introspection. There were female sub-genres, such as the "flower"
verse
429. Wordsworthian stages of growing up: In Tintern Abbey, what Wordsworthian describes as selves which mutate and evolve in
correspondence with the landscape and the moment. This is geography, and time, as self.
430. Wordsworth (memorialized in Byron's Don Juan as "Wordy") or Keats (a shabby Cockney brat ): Names given to Wordsworth and
Keats by Lord Byron
431. Wye Valley: Area around Tintern Abbey.
432. The Yellow Book: A periodical that ran from 1894 to 1897, is generally taken to represent the aestheticism of the nineties.