Reg.No.

MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Manipal University, Manipal – 576 104

IV SEM. B.E. (MECHANICAL ENGG.) DEGREE END SEMESTER

EXAMINATIONS MAY - 2009

SUBJECT: APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS (MEE-202)

(REVISED CREDIT SYSTEM)
( 16/05/2009 )
Time: 3 Hours. MAX.MARKS: 50

Instructions to Candidates:
 Answer ANY FIVE FULL questions.
 Missing data, if any, may be suitably assumed.
 Use of thermodynamics data hand book and steam tables permitted.

1A) Derive an expression for mean effective pressure of a constant

pressure cycle in terms of, compression ratio, cut-off ratio and ratio of
specific heats. (05)

1B) Determine the size of the cylinder and stroke length of the piston for a
double acting reciprocating air compressor of 36.8 kW Indicated power,
in which air is drawn in at 1 bar, 15oC and compressed according to
the law PV1.2=constant to 6 bar. The compressor runs at 100 rpm with
average piston speed of 152.5 m/min. Neglect clearance. (05)

2A) With necessary sketches explain briefly the effect of following factors in
a vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
i) Decreasing evaporator pressure
ii) Increasing condenser pressure
iii) Superheating the vapour (05)
iv) Undercooling the liquid

2B) An 8 cylinder, 4 stroke petrol engine of 90mm bore and 80mm stroke
with a compression ratio of 7 is tested at 4500 rpm on a dynamometer
with 540 mm arm. During 10 minute test, the dynamometer reading
was 412 N and engine consumed 4.4kg of petrol. Air at 270C and 1 bar
entered through the venturi at a rate of 6 kg/min. Assuming calorific
value of 44 MJ/kg, find: (i) Brake power developed (ii) b.m.e.p.
(iii) b.s.f.c (iv) Brake thermal efficiency (v) Air fuel ratio (vi) volumetric (05)
efficiency

3A) Explain with necessary sketch, the combustion process in a

compression ignition engine (05)

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3B) In a reheat cycle, steam at 500oC expands in a HP turbine till it is
saturated vapour. It is reheated at constant pressure to 400oC and then
expands in a LP turbine to 40oC. If the maximum moisture content at
the turbine exhaust is limited to 15%, find (i) reheat pressure (ii) the
pressure of steam at the inlet to the HP turbine(iii) the net specific work (05)
output (iv) cycle efficieny (v) steam rate. Assume all ideal processes.

4A) Derive an expression for velocity of sound in an ideal gas in terms of

specific heat ratio, gas constant and temperature. (05)

4B) An engine working on the dual cycle has a cylinder diameter of 20 cm

and stroke of 40 cm. The compression ratio is 14.5 and the pressure
ratio of the constant volume heat addition process is 1.5. The constant
pressure heat addition cut off takes place at 4.9% of the stroke. (05)
Determine the air standard efficiency. Assume √=1.4

5A) Define work ratio of a gas turbine cycle and derive an expression for
the same in terms of pressure ratio, temperature ratio and ratio of
specific heat. (03)

5B) What are the advantages of reheating of steam in a Rankine cycle (02)

5C) A vapour compression refrigeration plant using freon-12 as a

refrigerant works between the temperature limits of 40 oC and -10oC.
Determine (i) the refrigerant flow rate in kg/s (ii) the volume flow rate
handled by the compressor in m3/s (iii) compressor discharge
temperature (iv) pressure ratio (v) heat rejected in the condenser in (05)
kW. (vi) COP (vii) power required to drive the compressor.

6A) Gases expand in a propulsion nozzle from 3.5bar and 425 oC down to a
back pressure of 0.97bar at the rate of 18 kg/s. taking a coefficient of
discharge of 0.99 and nozzle efficiency of 0.94, calculate the required
throat and exit areas of the nozzle. For the gas take √=1.333 and (05)
cp=1.11 kJ/kgK. Assume the inlet velocity is negligible.

6B) In a gas turbine plant, the air is compressed in a single stage

compressor from 1 bar, 27oC to 9 bar. The same air is then heated to a
temperature of 527oC and then expanded in the turbine. The air is
then reheated to a temperature of 527oC and then expanded in the (05)
second turbine. Find the thermal efficiency and power output for a
mass flow rate of 2 kg/s.

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