P Block

Elements
Boric
Acid
Diborane
Diamond
• In diamond carbon atoms undergoes sp3 hybridization and linked to four other carbon atoms by using tetrahedral
fashion.
• The C-C bond length is 154 pm .
• It is very difficult to break extended covalent bonding therefore diamond is a hardest substance in the earth.
• It is used to making dyes and manufacture of tungsten filament for electric light bulb.
Graphite
• Graphite has layered structure, these layers are held by van der Waals force between two layers is 340 pm
• Each layer is composed of planer hexagonal rings of carbon atoms.
• C – C bond length within the layer is 141.5 pm
• Each carbon atoms in hexagonal ring Undergoes sp2 hybridization and makes three sigma bonds with three negibouring
carbon atoms.. Fourth electron forms a Pi bond..
• It is used as dry lubricant in machines running at high temperatures.
Fullerenes
• Fullerenes are making of graphite in an arc in the presence omolecule gases such as He or Ar.ade is formed by
condensation of vapourised Cn small molecules consists of mainly C60 with small quantity of C70 and traces of fullerenes
Consisting even no of carbon atoms.
• They are cage like molecules C60 molecule has shape like soccer ball called Buckminster Fullerenes
Buckminster
• It consists twent-six membered rings and twelve five memberd ring the carbon atoms an equal and they undergo sp2
hybridization
• Each carbon taom forms three sigma bonds with other Three carbon atoms .
• It is also contains both single and double bonds with C-C distances of 143.5 pm and 138.3 pm respectively..
• Spherical fullerenes are also called Bucky balls..
• Graphite is thermodynamically most stable allotrope of carbon because it enthalpy value is zero. Diamond and Fullerene
C60 are 1.90 and 38.1 kj/ mol respectively
• Other forms of carbon like carbon black, coke, and charcoal are impure forms of graphite or fullerenes..
• Carbon black is obtained by burning of Hydrocarbons
• Charcoal and coke are obtained by heating of wood or coal respectively at High temperature..