Beaconhouse School System

Sir waheed # 03345393052

Islamiat

Birth and Upbringing:

 The prophet (PBUH) was born on 12th Rabi-ul-Awal, 570 A.D. 
 His father had died six months before his birth. 
 At his birth, he was given to his foster mother, Halima Saadia, who
took him to a village and he returned at the age of six. 
 When he came back, his mother, Aamnah, took him to Yasrib to
meet a few relatives and visit the grave of the Prophet’s father. 
 However, on their way back Hazrat Aamnah fell ill and died. 
 The Prophet was escorted back by a slave girl Umm-e-Aymen. 
 \Back in Makkah, the Prophet’s grandfather, Abdul Mutalib took his
custody; but he too passed away two years later. 
 So, now, the prophet’s paternal uncle, Abu Talib, took his care and
trained him as a shepherd.
 Once, the Prophet was accompanying his uncle on a trade journey
to Syria, when on their way they met a Christian Monk, Bahira. Bahira
recognized in the prophet, signs of prophet hood and cautioned them to
not continue their journey ahead. 

.Harbul fijaar & Halful Fazul
 When the prophet was 15 years old, war broke out between two
tribes. '
 The Prophet accompanied his uncles in this war – known as the
sacrilegious war – but he had no major role in them apart from collecting
arrows thrown by the enemy and handing them over to his uncles. 
 After this war, a committee was formed in Makkah to prevent
further bloodshed. 
 This was called the Half-ul-Fazul, and the Prophet was not only
present but actively participated. 
 He is reported to have said: “I was present at the house of
Abdullah Bin Judan at so excellent a pact that if toady in Islam I were
summoned unto it I would gladly respond”.
Marriage to Khadija:
 During his early years, the Prophet came to be known as Al-Sadiq
and Al-Amin. 
 In such times, a widow trader, Hazrat Khadija, needed a
trustworthy person to carry her goods to Syria. 
 She heard of the good character of the prophet and decided to hire
him. 
 She sent her slave girl Maisara along on the trade expedition, and
when they returned not just had the Prophet made huge profits, but
Maisara spoke a lot good about the Prophet. Hazrat Khadija was so
impressed that she sent a marriage proposal to the Prophet, which was
accepted on his behalf by Abu Talib, his uncle., 
 Although Hz. Khadija was 15 years older than the Prophet, they
had a successful marriage and had 6 children, 2 of whom died in
infancy.
Allah in Himself

QURANIC PASSAGES:

1:  Surah, 2.225 (Ayat ul Kursi)

Allah. There is no god but He, the living, the self-subsisting,

eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in
the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His
presence except as He permits? He knows what is before or after or
behind them. Nor shall they compass any of His knowledge except
as He wills. His Throne extends over the heavens and the earth,
and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them for He is
the Most High, the Supreme

(a) Main Theme:
 Theme of this long verse is God himself. 
 It’s a verse of Sura al-Baqara, a Madninan sura. 
 It begins with the expression of the Shahada (declaration of
oneness of God) and then elaborates various aspects of unity of God
that make Him matchless  
 God is free from all weaknesses and limitations, has perfect
knowledge of all times, is not dependent on anyone for His survival and
enjoys autonomy in exercising His authority. 
 His authority and His rule encompass the entire universe. This
makes God not only unique but also elevates him to the heights, we just
can’t imagine and that is mentioned in the Quran' as: “then He
established Himself on the throne” (10:3, 13:2)

(b) Importance:
 This passage tells Muslims to believe in Tawhid in terms of God’s
uniqueness, majesty and glory. 
 The theme is important for Muslims as it crystallizes the belief of
Tawhid and trains them to condemn shirk. 
 There is repetitive mention of God’s authority, unlimited knowledge
and powers in order to strengthen the faith of its readers. 
 For example, it says “He is exalted in power, Wise. He created
the heavens without any pillars”31:9-10, luqman)  and  “but God is
the One free of all wants “(35:15,Fatir). 
 The objective is to remind Muslims that God alone is to be
worshipped and no authority can be compared with him. 
 Many Muslims recite this verse regularly to reiterate God’s power
and high position as compared to any worldly authority.

2.Surah (6:101-103)  (Al-An’aam)

101. To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth:
how can He have a son when He has no consort? He created all
things, and He has full knowledge of all things. 102. That is Allah,
your Lord! there is no god but He, the Creator of all things: then
worship Him: and He has power to dispose of all affairs. 103. No
vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision: He is above
all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things.(SURAH ANAM)

(a)Main Theme:   

 The Theme of this passage is God in Himself. 

 It elaborates some of the fundamental aspects of unity of God (Tawhid). 
 It describes God as the originator of universe and rejects any kind of
misconception of God having any family. 
 It also refers to His unbounded knowledge, power and grasp on His
created world. 
 The passage further stresses on the sublime nature of God and inability
of human imagination to encompass God’s person, though He himself can see
to the unfathomable depths, as endorsed elsewhere in the Quran: “for God is
He Who understands the finest mysteries” (22:63).          
(b)Importance:

 This passage is important for Muslims to clearly understand the

doctrine of Tauhid in terms of God’s nature and powers. Muslims need to learn
that though God is too sublime to be perceived, 
 He is everywhere and all powerful. 
 The Quran reminds Muslims this repeatedly: “and He is with you where
ever you are” (57:04, Al-hadid), and 
 “for We are nearer to him (man) than his jugular vein” (50:16, Qaf). 
 The passage also categorically negates the false belief of God having
any wife or children and thus, it strikes at the roots of shirk (associating
partners with God). 
 Muslims, in this way, develop a clearer concept of tawhid and feel
themselves bound to adore God only. 
 They remember that shirk is the only unpardonable sin in the sight of
God.

3.Sura (41.37)(Surah  Fussilat)

37. Among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the
moon. Adore not the sun and the moon, but adore Allah, Who
created them, if it is Him you wish to serve. (Surah fussilat)

(a)Main Theme:
 This verse is from sura fussilat, an early makkan sura, 
 it describes the theme of God in Himself. 
 It mentions some of the signs and phenomena of nature that
reflect God’s unity and majesty. 
 It refers to the cycles of day and night as evidence of divinity. 
 The quran supports it elsewhere as: “Behold! In the creation of
the heavens and earth; in the alternation of the night and the
day….are signs for the people who are wise’’ (2:164). 
 The passage commands us to worship the Creator of the sun and
moon and not the creations themselves because the Creator is always
superior to the creations 
(b)Importance OF Surah Fussilat:

 Theme of this passage urges Muslims to observe various objects

of nature that reflect God’s presence, majesty and glory. 
 Since humans can not afford to see God physically, they are asked
to identify the real creator through His creations that bear witness to His
existence. 
 Such observation encourages Muslims to develop a strong belief
in Tawhid in all its aspects. 
 The Quran, for this reason, frequently refers to the need of
pondering and observing: “Verily, in the alternation of the night and
the day, and in all that God has created in the heavens and the
earth, are signs for those who fear Him” (30:40, Al-Rum).  
 So, Muslims should express their gratitude to Allah for enabling
them to see and think deeply.
 Muslims will thus avoid Shirk that the earlier communities fell
victim to, and worship one Supreme God.

4.Sura Al-Shura (42.4-5)  

 4. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth: and He is
most high, most great. 5. The heavens are almost rent asunder
from above them, and the angels celebrate the praises of their
Lord, and pray for forgiveness for beings on earth: Behold! Verily
Allah is He, the oft-forgiving, the most merciful.    
          
(a)Main Theme:
 The two verses are from sura al-Shura, revealed in Makka shortly
after sura fussilat and its theme is God’s unity expressed by His
grandeur and authority. 
 He enjoys unshared authority over entire universe. 
 The Quran says: “His are all things in the heaven and on the
earth” (2:255). 
 It also mentions the effect of God’s might on the heavens that
hardly sustain this immense burden. 
 The passage also refers to the countless angels who are busy in
the prayers and glorification of the Lord and also invoke His mercy and
pardon for humans who tend to disobey their lord. The Quran declares
this weakness of humans as: “It is man that wrongs his own soul”
(10:44).

(b) Importance:
 Theme of this passage guides Muslims about two articles of faith:
belief in Tawhid and angels. 
 The passage tells Muslims about God’s power, authority and glory
in order to make them His obedient servants.
 By referring to the angels praising God and seeking forgiveness for
humans, it tells them about God’s mercy. Humans, because of free will,
can commit sins but God is ready to forgive them. 
 Belief in God’s mercy and forgiveness prepares Muslims to repent
over their misdeeds. 
 The Quran re-assures Muslims by saying: “Despair not of the
mercy of God; for God forgives all sins, for he is oft-forgiving, Most
merciful’’ (39:53 al-zumar). Surah 97(al-Qadr) also tells about:
“the angels and the spirit” descending in the night of Power to
distribute God’s mercy.

5.Sura Al- Ikhlas(112)

1. Say: He is Allah, the one and only; 2. Allah, the eternal, absolute;
3. He does not beget, nor is He 
begotten; 4. And there is none like Him. 
(a)Main Theme:

 Theme of this early Makkan is God in himself in terms of His

unique person. 
 It outlines the most fundamental and cardinal aspects of Tawhid
(oneness of God). 
 It out rightly declares God’s unity and emphatically negates the
false belief of God having ancestors and descendants.
 It further highlights God’s unity by saying that God’s nature or
person can never be compared to anyone throughout the universe. 
 It also mentions God’s freedom from time and space by saying that
he has always been and will always be there. 
 This way, the passage crystallizes the belief of Tawhid.

(b)Importalnce:

 Theme of this passage purifies Muslim’s belief in Tawhid and that

is why the passage is named al-Ikhlas (the purity of faith). 
 Muslims learn from this passage that God is unique in all aspects. 
 This uniqueness and supremacy of God highlights human inability
and limitation before his Lord. 
 Thus, it eliminates all forms and degrees of shirk or associating
partners with God. 
 Muslims recite this sura in daily prayers in order to reiterate
rejection of shirk. 
 It is so important that the holy prophet declared it equivalent to one
third of the Quran.
  Its theme is so important that the Quran repeatedly mentions
this: “and your God is one God” (2:163, al-Baqarah) and “God!
there is no God but He”  (2:255). 
 Belief in Tawhid, in turn affects the conduct of Muslims as they
develop a strong sense of God’s presence and knowledge.  

Sir waheed o Level’s Islamiat and Pak studies teacher   

 HADITH 1-20 PAPER 2
CIE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATION 
HADITH 1-20

Hadith 1
‘Religion is sincerity.’ We said: ‘To whom?’ The
Prophet said: ‘To Allah, His Book, His Messenger,
the leaders of the Muslims and to their common
people.’

(a) Theme 
1. Islam demands sincere and genuine faith.
2. This sincerity is needed in the fundamental beliefs
as well as towards the leaders and the members of the
community. 
3. This means strong belief in Tawhid (oneness of
God), the divine message of the Quran and the
messenger of God who conveyed this Message to us. 
4. Also, the leader of the community, who follows the
Quran and Sunnah, should be sincerely followed: 
5. “And obey God and obey the Messenger and
those charged with authority among you.” (4:59)
6. Finally, Muslims should believe in respecting and
caring for the fellows in the community. 
7. Helping other fellow muslims in the time of need
also is an example of sincerity.
8. Even giving good advice is a kind of sincerity.

(b) Importance/Practice in life:
1. Belief in Tawhid, Quran and the last Messenger is
demonstrated by following the eternal guidance of the
Quran and Sunnah. 
2. Muslims should observe the five pillars of Islam: 
3. “And establish regular prayer and pay the
charity tax”
4. As for cooperating with the leader of the community,
Muslims should remember the speech of Abu Bakr on
his election as caliph: 
5. “Help me if I am in the right, set me right if I am
in the wrong” 
6. Similarly, sincerity towards fellows should be
expressed by being kind, polite and respectful to them. 

Hadith 2

None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants
for himself.
(a) Theme/Explanation:
1. Muslims are bondedtogether with common faith: 
2. “Believers are a single brotherhood”  (49:10) this
bond of fraternity has been established by God Himself,
and so, all Muslims should make it part of their faith.
3. A heart without love and care for the fellow Muslims
is devoid of true faith, & so, genuine faith is linked with
affection for the other members of the community. 
4. “None of you believes” refers to imperfect faith,
and not absence of faith. This means that any believer
might fall prey to a lack of love for fellows.

(b) Importance/Practice in life:

1. Muslims should negate selfishness, promote spirit
of sacrifice and love for the fellow Muslims
2. Should develop a sense of collective welfare and
make efforts to ensure comfort and benefits for others
as much as for himself: 
3. “It is more beneficial for one to give his land
free to his brother than to charge him a fixed
rental” and: 
4. “That you desire for others that what you desire
for yourself” 
5. True believers should not look down upon others
and should not taunt them or call them by offensive nick
names.
6. They are also not supposed to break ties with fellow
brothers and should take initiative in re-establishing
good relations. 

Hadith 3

Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either
speak good or keep silent, and let him who believes
in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbour,
and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day
be generous to his guest.
(a) Theme
1. Power of speech not only a great bounty by God but also
a means of expressing faith: 
2. “He has created man. He has taught him the speech
(and intelligence),” (55:3, 4)
3. With this belief, a believer should learn, “To keep quiet is
better than telling a bad thing”
4. Several evils, transgression and indecencies originate
form misuse of the tongue. 
5. Similarly, faith is also linked with good social conduct
because Muslims believe that observance of acts of worship is
one aspect and being kind to others is another aspect of
demonstrating faith. 

(b) Importance/Practice in Life
1. Muslims should avoid all indecencies : “Believers will
surely get through ………who avoid vain talk” (23:1-2)
2. They should show hospitality towards those around them
e.g., neighbors & guests: “He is not a true believer who eats
to his fill but his neighbor sleeps hungry” and 
3. “Whoever believes in God and the last day should not
harm his neighbor, and whoever believes in God should
honour his guest”
4. The Prophet set several examples of hospitality, towards
both Muslims and non-Muslims. 

Hadith 4
A man asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah
bless him and give him peace): Do you think that if
I perform the obligatory prayers, fast in Ramadan,
treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as
forbidden that which is forbidden, and do nothing
further, I shall enter paradise? He said: Yes

(a) Theme
1. This Hadith sums up the secret of entry to
Paradise. 
2. Prayer and fasting are the two of the five pillars on
which is erected the building of faith: 
3. “He who gives up prayer has indeed
disbelieved.” 
4. “What stands between a believer and disbelief
is abandonment of regular prayer”
5. “The fast is a shield (against Satan).”
6. These two pillars train believers to believe in the
importance of the lawful and the unlawful.
7. “…….he (the Prophet) allows them as lawful
what is good and prohibits them from what is
bad” (7:157)

(b)Importance/Practice in life:
1. Muslims should be regular and punctual in daily
prayer as it keeps them from evils: 
2. “Verily, regular prayer refrains from shameful
and unjust deeds”  (29:45)
3. They should fast in Ramadan to promote self-
restraint
4. Observance of both these trains them to tell right
from wrong and earn by Halal (permitted) means while
shunning all Haram (forbidden) actions: 
5. “So take what the Messenger gives you and
refrain from what he prohibits you”  (59:7)
6. Such self training will ensure individual and
collective welfare in this world and the Hereafter. 

Hadith 5

Every person’s every joint must perform a charity every day the
sun comes up: to act justly between two people is a charity; to
help a man with his mount, lifting him onto it or hoisting up his
belongings onto it is a charity; a good word is a charity; every
step you take to prayers is a charity; and removing a harmful
thing from the road is a charity.
(a) Theme:
1. Muslims should consider all their physical powers as a gift
of God
2. This will enable them to express gratitude to God by
helping fellow Muslims in daily matters
3. They should consider such acts as charity e.g., settling
disputes of the people and removing harmful objects from the
roads.
4. Such acts should be equated with exerting energy in the
worship of God
5. Islam encourages charity and other measures that benefit
others: “The best among the people are those who are a
source of benefit to the people” (Hadith) 

(b) Importance/Practice
1. True believers should shape their conduct in such a way
as can help the fellows in day to day affairs. 
2. They should try to end disputes between fellows because
the Quran says: “Believers are a single brotherhood; therefore
make peace between your two contending brothers” (49:10)
3. They should hurry to offer their prayer, share the burdon of
fellows and, wherever possible, remove anything harmful from
thoroughfares. 
4. This they should do along with other acts of charity
because Islam has broadened the scope of charity. 

The Rightly Guided Caliphs

1: HAZRAT ABU BAKR (RA)

SIGNIFICANCE OF ABU BAKR DURING THE PROPHET’S
LIFETIME:

 Abu Bakr, whose real name was Abdullah, was one of the
Prophet’s closest friends. 
 Even before accepting Islam, he led a pious and chaste life. 
 After the Holy Prophet had received his first revelation he
thought of approaching those closest to him so he told Abu Bakr
the whole story of his experience.
  Abu Bakr responded to his call and immediately embraced
Islam. 
 He was the first free adult male and the first person outside
the family of the Prophet to become a Muslim. 
 The Qur’an describes his acceptance as: ‘’and he who comes
with the truth and he who confirms it.....such are the people who do
right’’ (39:33). 
 He was the first person to testify to the Messenger’s event of
Miraj (Prophet’s ascension to the heavens) and was given the title
of ‘’Al Siddique’’ due to his immediate belief of the journey.
 After accepting Islam he devoted his life and wealth to
preaching Islam. 
 Abu Bakr’s acceptance proved to be a milestone in the
prophet’s mission.
  Prominent companions like Usman, Talha and Zubair are said
to have been persuaded by him to accept Islam. 
 He bought and freed a lot of slaves, Bilal being one of the
prominent ones.
  When the Holy Prophet started preaching openly he faced
fierce opposition. 
 During all such hardships Abu Bakr stood by his side.
  The first public address of inviting people to offer allegiance
to the Prophet’s message was delivered by Abu Bakr.
  At this the youth of Quraish beat Abu Bakr till he fainted. 
 In 620AD when the Prophet’s wife died, Abu Bakr’s daughter
Ayesha was engaged to the Prophet whom he married after his
migration to Medina.
 In 622AD on the invitation from the Muslims of Medina, the
Prophet ordered Muslims to migrate. 
 The migration took place in batches and the Prophet was the
last one to leave accompanied by Abu Bakr. 
 Both remained in the cave of Saur for three days to hide from
the Makkans who wanted to kill the Prophet and his companion. 
 This event is mentioned in the Qur’an: ‘’he being the second
of the two when they were in the cave’’ (9:40).
 At Medina Abu Bakr continued his services to Islam.
  He paid for the piece of land selected by the Holy Prophet for
the mosque of the Prophet (Masjid-e-Nabvi).
  He rendered valuable services in all the battles.
  In the battle of Badr, he was in charge of the right wing of the
troops and fought against his own son Abdur Rahman.
  In the battle of Uhad, he negated the rumour of the Prophet’s
death and acted as a shield to save him.
  In the battle of Hunaian, he remained firm and reorganised
the scattered troops that had started running away.
  When the Holy Prophet began to raise funds for the Tabuk
expedition, Abu Bakr placed all his wealth at the disposal of the
Holy Prophet. 
 He was present at the time of the treaty of Hudaibiya and was
one of the signatories. He was also one of the ten blessed
companions who were given tidings of heaven during their lifetime.
  He was appointed the first Ameer-e-Hajj (the chief guide of
pilgrimage). Abu Bakr led the daily prayers during the last days of
the Holy Prophet’s illness.
 Finally it was Abu Bakr who normalised the critical situation
arising out of the death of the Holy Prophet, as nobody was ready
to believe this including Umar. 
 Abu Bakr on this occasion recited these verses: ‘’Mohammad
is no more than a messenger: many messengers that were before
him passed away, if he died or were slain will you then turn back on
your heels?’’ (3:144). 
 Nobody led the funeral prayers of the Holy Prophet, Abu Bakr
and Umar were the first of worshippers. 
 He was unanimously elected the first Caliph of Islam. 
 Abu Bakr continued to perform meritorious services for Islam
even after the death of the Holy Prophet.

Hz Abu Bakar R.A. as the first Caliph:

Selection as a caliph: [do it from the book on your own]

1: Expedition to Syria:

During the last days in his life the holy Prophet SAW had ordered a
campaign under Hz Usama RA, but before the army could leave the
holy Prophet SAW passed away.

Hz Umar RA suggested to the caliph Hz Abu Bakar RA to not to

send the army as the enemy could attack at any moment, but Hz
Abu Bakar RA was determined and he sent the army and even went
with the horse of Hz Usama RA till the border of Madina on foot.

Fight against REFUSAL TO PAY ZAKAT:

 The issue of the refusal to pay Zakat was a great test of the
moral courage of Hz Abu Bakr RA as the first Caliph of the Holy
Prophet. 
 After the demise of the Holy Prophet many surrounding tribes
of Medina which had offered allegiance to Islam, sent a deputation
to Abu Bakr with the proposal that their agreement with the
Muslims had ended. 
 A fresh agreement was necessary in which they should be
relieved from the obligation to pay Zakat. Hz Abu Bakr RA argued
that Zakat was a fundamental injunction of Islam and had to be
paid.
  Seeing their proposal being rejected these tribes decided to
forego Islam. Their decision was to attack Medina when the main
Muslim army was in Syria. 
 They attacked at night but found Abu Bakr RA with his army
ready to fight. 
 The apostates were defeated; many tribesmen died while
others fled in confusion.
  After this battle many tribes sent their delegates to Medina,
offered allegiance and paid Zakat.

APOSTASY MOVEMENT:

 After the Prophet’s death, some of the people rose in revolt

against the authorities in Medina and renounced Islam.
  Abu Bakr, without any delay, launched an expedition against
this movement. 
 After collecting the troops at Medina, he divided them into
eleven battalions each with an experienced commander, and sent
them in eleven different directions to crush these revolts.
 He instructed each commander to first invite these tribes to
Islam. If any refused to comply they were to be attacked. 
 Some of the tribes accepted Islam but the others were
stubborn and were dealt with harshly.
  All campaigns were successful and Abu Bakr R.A was able
to re-establish control of Islam throughout the Peninsula.

FALSE PROPHETS:

 In the last days of the Prophet’s life some misguided people

arose to claim prophet hood. 
 When Abu Bakr R.A was elected as the Caliph they started
their preaching openly.
  Among these false prophets were Tulaiha, Aswad Ansi,
Musailamah and Sajjah. Tulaiha belonged to the Banu Asad tribe in
the northern Arabia.
  An army under Hz Khalid bin Walid was sent which met them
at Buzaka. 
 After a fierce battle Tulaiha’s army surrendered and he
himself fled to Syria. He embraced Islam during the time of the
second Caliph.
 Aswad Ansi belonged to the Ansi tribe in Yemen. 
 He was an ugly man who kept his face veiled all the time.
  He was nicknamed ‘’the veiled prophet’’.
  Being leader of his tribe he revolted with the cooperation of
the neighbouring chiefs. 
 He was the first false prophet who collected a large army in
open revolt against Islam. 
 He was defeated and killed by the Muslims.
 The most dangerous of the false prophets was Musalima. 
 He belonged to a tribe of central Arabia.
  His tribe accepted him as a prophet. 
 Abu Bakr sent Shurbhil and Ikramah to crush the rebellion;
later Hz Khalid bin Walid joined them. Musalima,s army was
defeated after a fierce battle at Yamamah in 633AD.Musalimah was
killed.
  In this battle about 800 Muslims were martyred. Amongst
them were 360 Huffaz (memorizers of the Holy Qur’an).
 Sajjah was a woman who belonged to the Bani Tamim tribe. 
 She claimed to be a prophetess and succeeded in mustering a
large following. 
 When Musalimah heard about her claim he invited her to
Yamamah. 
 They decided to join forces and later Musailma married her
which ended her adventure of prophet hood and she lived in
obscurity for the rest of her life. 
 When the Muslims conquered Iraq she entered the circle of
Islam along with her tribe.

 COMPILATION OF THE QUR’AN:

 In the battle of Yamamah several Huffaz laid down their lives.
  Hazrat Umar approached Hazrat Abu Bakr about the
compilation of the Holy Qur’ran. 
 He was of the opinion that soon the preservation of the Qur’an
will become a major problem owing to the deaths of the Huffaz. 
 Abu Bakr did not agree in the beginning but was later
convinced by Umar and he ordered the compilation of the Holy
Book under the supervision of Zaid bin Sabit.