10 Physics

PHYSICS FOR 10 CLASS BY ABULKARAM MOHAMMED ABDUL MOIZ PHYSICS FOR 10 CLASS BY ABULKARAM MOHAMMED ABDUL MOIZ
Physics
Class 10
‫مولف‬
Written By
Abulkaram Mohammed Abdul Moiz
M.Sc.(Physics).M. A(I S),M.Ed,
S.A,Govt High School School Vattepally,Hyderabad
E mail Id: mamoiz786@gmail.com
CLASS
10
Written
Abulkaram Mohammed By‫ مولف‬Abdul Moiz
Abulkaram Mohammed
M.Sc.(Physics).M. Abdul Moiz
A(I S),M.Ed,
S.A,GovtM.Sc.(Physics).M.
High School School , Vattepally,Hyderabad
A(I.S),M.Ed,
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𝑀= =
= +
11 | Page 12 | Page
‫ﺣﺴﺎب ی سواﻻت‬
‫سواﻻت و جوا ت‬
13 | Page 14 | Page
1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑢 𝑣
1 1 1
= +
−4 −10 𝑣
1 1 1
+ =
−4 10 𝑣
10 4 1
+ =
−40 40 𝑣
−10 + 4 1
=
40 𝑣
6 1
=
40 𝑣
𝑀= = 1 1
=
6.6 𝑣
6.6 = 𝑣
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1 1 1
= + =
𝑓 𝑢 𝜈
1 1 1
= + =
𝑣 𝑓 −𝑢
1 1 5 1.5 6.5 1 1
+ = + = = =
1 ⋅ 5 5 7 ⋅ 5 7.5 7.5 1 ⋅ 15 𝑣
●
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●
●
●
●
●
𝑀= =
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2𝐻𝑐𝑙 + 𝑍𝑛 → 𝑍𝑛𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻
‫۔‬ -Chemical Equations
𝐶𝑎𝑜
𝐶𝑎𝑜 + 𝐻 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻) + 𝐴+𝐵 →𝐶+𝐷 −
𝑁𝑎 𝑆𝑂
𝑁𝑎 𝑆𝑂 + 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑙 → 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂 + 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑙
𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑙
𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂
𝑁𝑎 𝑆𝑂 + 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑙 → 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂 + 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑙
2𝐻𝑐𝑙 + 𝑍𝑛 → 𝑍𝑛𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻
Stoichiometry
21 | Page 22 | Page
5‫𝑂ﮐﻮ‬ 3‫𝐶ﮐﻮ‬ 𝐻 𝐶 𝐻 + 5𝑂 → 3𝐶𝑂 + 4 𝐻 𝑂

𝐻 +𝑂 →𝐻 𝑂
𝐶 𝐻 + 5𝑂 → 3𝐶𝑂 + 4 𝐻 𝑂
𝐹𝑒 𝑂 + 2𝐴𝑙 → 𝐹𝑒 + 𝐴𝑙 𝑂
𝐻 +𝑂 →𝐻 𝑂
𝐴𝑙 𝐹𝑒 𝐹𝑒 𝑂 + 2𝐴𝑙 → 2𝐹𝑒 + 𝐴𝑙 𝑂
𝐹𝑒 𝑂 + 2𝐴𝑙 → 2𝐹𝑒 + 𝐴𝑙 𝑂
𝐻 2 𝐻 +𝑂 →2𝐻 𝑂
2 𝐻 +𝑂 →2𝐻 𝑂 ●
↑ ●
𝐶 𝐻 + 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻 𝑂 ●
●
●
∆ o
23 | Page 24 | Page
𝐶 + 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑂 + 𝑄
𝐶𝑎𝑜 + 𝐻 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻) + 𝑄
𝑁 ( ) + 𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑙 → 𝐴𝑔𝑐𝑙 − 𝑄
𝑁𝑎 𝑆𝑂 ( ) + 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑙 ( ) → 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂 ↓ +𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑙
6𝐶𝑂 ( ) + 6𝐻 𝑂 → 𝐶 𝐻 𝑂 + 6𝑂
6.023𝑋 10
6.023𝑋 10
6.023𝑋 10
6.023𝑋 10
6.023𝑋 10
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𝐻 𝑆𝑜 𝑎 𝑆𝑜 𝐻 𝑂
𝑂 𝑂
→
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𝑂 𝑂
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→
→
(c)
Acids bases and Salts
𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝐻 + 𝐶𝑙
𝐻 + 𝐻 𝑂 → +𝐻 𝑂
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𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝐻 + 𝐶𝑙 𝐻
𝐻
𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝐻 𝑃𝑂 𝐻 𝐶𝑂
𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻 𝐾𝑂𝐻
𝑂𝐻
𝑁𝐻 𝑂𝐻 𝑀𝑔𝑂𝐻 C𝑙 H
𝐻𝐶𝐿 → 𝐻 + 𝐶𝐿
𝐻 +𝐻 𝑂 →𝐻 𝑂
+𝐻 𝑂 → +
+𝐻 𝑂 → + →
H 𝐶𝐿 +NaOH → : NaCl + H O
𝑀𝑔𝑂 + 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂
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0
2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶𝑂 → 𝑁𝑎 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻 𝑂 → →
𝐇 𝑪𝑳 +𝐍𝐚𝐎𝐇 → : 𝐍𝐚𝐂𝐥 + 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
𝑴𝒈𝑶 + 𝟐𝑯𝑪𝒍 → 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶

→
→ 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐 → 𝑵𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝑶𝟑 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
→ 𝒁𝒏 + 𝟐𝑯𝑪𝑳 → 𝒁𝒏𝑪𝒍 + 𝑯𝟐
→ 𝒁𝒏 + 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝒐𝑯 → 𝒁𝒏𝑪𝒍 + 𝑯𝟐
𝑵𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝒐𝟑 + 𝟐𝑯𝑪𝑳
𝑍𝑛 + 2𝐻𝐶𝐿 → → → 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 + 𝑪𝒐𝟐 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
𝑍𝑛𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 →
𝑵𝒂𝑯𝑪𝒐𝟑 + 𝟐𝑯𝑪𝑳
→ 𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 + 𝑪𝒐𝟐 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
→
𝑍𝑛 + 2𝑁𝑎𝑜𝐻 → 𝑍𝑛𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 →
→
𝑁𝑎 𝐶𝑜 + 2𝐻𝐶𝐿 → 2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜 + 𝐻 𝑂
→
𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑜 + 2𝐻𝐶𝐿 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐶𝑜 + 𝐻 𝑂
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١
٢
٣
٤
37 | Page 38 | Page
2
2 →
1 → 2
𝑁𝑎𝑜𝐻 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂

39 | Page 40 | Page
𝑁𝑎 𝐶𝑂
2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂 → 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻
𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻) + 𝐶𝑙 → 𝐶𝑎𝑜𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂 ‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻼت‬Activities
𝑎𝑐𝑙 + 𝐶𝑂 + 𝑁𝐻 + 𝐻 𝑂 → 𝑁𝐻 𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝐻𝑂
41 | Page 42 | Page
𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑆𝑂 → 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝑎 𝑆𝑂
8
𝑍𝑛 + 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑍𝑛 𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻
𝑍𝑛 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎 𝑍𝑛𝑜 + 𝐻
𝐻𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂
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1 
 ●
 Refraction of light at curved surface-4

١
٢
47 | Page 48 | Page
٣
-1
٤
٥
٦
١
٢
𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑖)
=𝑛
𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑟)
𝑉 𝑉
𝑉
=𝑛
𝑉
𝑉 𝐶
𝐶
=𝑛
𝑉
=
49 | Page 50 | Page
‫ۓ‬
51 | Page 52 | Page
١
٢
٣
٤
١
٢
٣
٤
١
٢
٣
٤
53 | Page 54 | Page
٥
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −
𝒇 𝒗 𝒖
𝐧𝟐 𝐧𝟏 𝐧𝟏 𝐧𝟐
= −
𝐯 𝐮 𝐯
𝑛 𝑛
𝟐𝒏 𝟏𝒏
0= −
𝒖 𝒗
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒏 − 𝟏) −𝑹 =𝒇 ≕
𝑹𝟏 𝟐
𝑅 𝑅
55 | Page 56 | Page
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒏 − 𝟏) −𝑹 =𝒇
𝑹𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −
𝒇 𝒗 𝒖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −
𝒇 𝒗 𝒖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= −
𝟐𝟎 𝒗 𝟔𝟎
1 1 1
− =
20 60 𝑣
57 | Page 58 | Page
3−1 1
=
60 𝑣
2 1
=
60 𝑣
1 1
=
30 𝑣
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒏 − 𝟏) − =
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝒇
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝟏. 𝟓 − 𝟏) + =
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝒇
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝟎. 𝟓) + =
𝑹 𝑹 𝒇
𝟐 𝟏
(𝟎. 𝟓) =
𝑹 𝒇
𝟏 𝟏
=
𝑹 𝒇
𝑹=𝐟
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61 | Page 62 | Page
63 | Page 64 | Page
𝟏
𝒇( )
𝟏
𝒇( )
𝟏
𝟐
𝟎. 𝟓
𝟎. 𝟓
65 | Page 66 | Page
67 | Page 68 | Page
69 | Page 70 | Page
71 | Page 72 | Page
73 | Page 74 | Page
75 | Page 76 | Page
77 | Page 78 | Page

Structure of Atom -6
79 | Page 80 | Page
3𝑥10 𝑚/
3𝑥10 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 𝑠
𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑑𝑎
(𝑣) = 𝑣
𝑣 6.626𝑥10 𝑗𝑠 𝑣
81 | Page 82 | Page
𝑙=𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑛
2𝑛
→ 2𝑥1
→ 2𝑥2
→ 2𝑥3
→ 2𝑥4
𝑛
83 | Page 84 | Page
𝑛 =
𝑛 =
, 𝑛 =
𝑛 =
𝑙 𝒎
= 𝟐𝒍 + 𝟏
𝑙
𝑙 = 0, 𝑚 = 1
𝑙 =𝑛−1
𝑙 0 1 2 3
Orbital S P d f 𝑙 = 1, 𝑚 = 3
(+1,0, −1)
𝑙 = 2, 𝑚 = 5
𝑙 =𝑛−1 1−1=0
𝑚 𝑛 𝑙
𝑚 = 2𝑙 + 1
85 | Page 86 | Page
87 | Page 88 | Page
89 | Page 90 | Page
2𝑛
𝑛𝑙
10 𝑪
𝒇𝒙𝝀 = 𝑪
𝑪 3 x 10
𝒇= = = 3 x 10
𝝀 𝟏
3 x 10
91 | Page 92 | Page
93 | Page 94 | Page
95 | Page 96 | Page
1𝑃𝑚 = 10 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
97 | Page 98 | Page
99 | Page 100 | Page

𝑛𝑠 𝑛𝑠
𝑛𝑝 𝑛𝑝
101 | Page 102 | Page

𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑑
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝 3𝑠 3𝑝
103 | Page 104 | Page

105 | Page 106 | Page

107 | Page 108 | Page

109 | Page 110 | Page

𝑐𝑙 +𝑒 → 𝑐𝑙
111 | Page 112 | Page

113 | Page 114 | Page

115 | Page 116 | Page

117 | Page 118 | Page

119 | Page 120 | Page

1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝 3𝑠 3𝑝
1𝑠 2𝑠
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝 3𝑠 3𝑝𝑥 3𝑝𝑦 3𝑝𝑧
σ
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝𝑥
121 | Page 122 | Page
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝𝑥 2𝑝𝑦
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝𝑥 2𝑝𝑦 2𝑝𝑧
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝
σ 𝑆 − 𝑆𝑃 𝑆𝑃
𝑁𝑎 → 𝑁𝑎 + 𝑒
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝
σ 𝐶𝑙 + 𝑒 → 𝐶𝑙
𝑁𝑎 + 𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝐶𝑙 → 𝐶𝑙 +𝑒
𝑂
Cl 𝑂
1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝
123 | Page 124 | Page

104.2 + 57.8 → 2(103)

162 → 206
125 | Page 126 | Page

6.25𝑥10
127 | Page 128 | Page

𝜇𝐴 = 10 𝐴 𝜇 𝑚𝐴 = 10
𝑉∞𝐼
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
𝑉
=𝑅
𝐼
129 | Page 130 | Page

𝑅∞𝑙
1
𝑅∞
𝐴
𝑅= = 𝑙
𝑅∞
𝐴
𝑙
𝑅=𝜌
𝐴
𝜌 𝑙
𝑅∞𝑙
1
𝑅∞
𝐴
131 | Page 132 | Page

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=( + +
𝑹𝒆𝒒 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 =𝑅 +𝑅 +𝑅 𝑅
𝐼 +𝐼 +𝐼 𝐼 +𝐼 +𝐼
𝑰𝟐 + 𝑰𝟑 + 𝑰𝟓 = 𝑰𝟏 + 𝑰𝟒 + 𝑰𝟔
𝑅 ,𝑅 ,𝑅
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
V=𝑉 +𝑉 +𝑉 ∴ (𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅)
IR = 𝐼𝑅 + 𝐼𝑅 + 𝐼𝑅
IR = 𝐼(𝑅 + 𝑅 + 𝑅 )
𝑅 =𝑅 +𝑅 +𝑅
𝑹𝒆𝒒 = 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝟑
+4𝑣 − 4𝑣 = 0𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
= + +
+4𝑣 − 3𝑣 − 1𝑣 = 0𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑅 ,𝑅 ,𝑅
I=𝐼 +𝐼 +𝐼 ∴ ( = 𝐼)
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
= + +
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
= 𝑉( + +
133 | Page 134 | Page

5𝐼 − 3𝐼 + 7) = 0
−3𝐼 − 7𝐼 + 12) = 0
15𝐼 − 9𝐼 + 21 = 0
−15𝐼 − 35𝐼 + 60 = 0
26𝐼 = 39
𝐼 = 1.5
+𝑣 − 𝑖𝑅 𝐴𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐴 𝐼 = 0.5
+𝑣 − 𝑣 = 0 𝐼 = 𝐼 + 𝐼 = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2 𝐴𝑀𝑃
𝑷 = 𝑽𝒙𝑰
𝐴𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐴
−𝑉 + 𝐼𝑅 + 𝐼𝑅 𝑾 = 𝑷𝒙𝑻
𝐴𝐶𝐷𝐵𝐴
−𝑉 + 𝑖 𝑅 − 𝑖 𝑅 + 𝑉 =0
𝐸𝐹𝐷𝐶𝐸
−(𝑖 + 𝑖 )𝑅 − 𝑖 𝑅 + 𝑉 = 0
𝐸𝐹𝐵𝐴𝐸
−(𝑖 + 𝑖 )𝑅 − 𝑖 𝑅 + 𝑉 = 0
−(𝐼 + 𝐼 )3 + 12 − 5 − 2𝐼 =0 𝐷𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
(5𝐼 − 3𝐼 ) + 7 = 0 𝐷𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
−(𝐼 + 𝐼 )3 + 12 − 4𝐼 =0 𝐷𝐴𝐹𝐸𝐷
(−3𝐼 − 7𝐼 ) + 12 = 0 𝐷𝐴𝐹𝐸𝐷
135 | Page 136 | Page
𝜌 𝜌
137 | Page 138 | Page

𝑅∞𝑙
10
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐑= + +
𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐 𝐑𝟑
139 | Page 140 | Page

𝑉 220𝑥220
𝑅 = = = 484
𝑃 100
𝑉 220𝑥220
𝑅 = = = 806.6
𝑃 60
+ + =
+ =
𝝅𝒓𝟐 =
22
𝑥0.1𝑥0.1
7
3.14𝑥0.01
0.0314𝑥0.01
0.0314𝑚𝑚
𝜎= =
100𝑥0.0314
1000
0.00314 =
141 | Page 142 | Page

𝑅∞𝑙
𝑅 𝑙
=
𝑅 𝑙
100 𝑙
=
𝑅 2𝑙
100 1
=
𝑅 2
200 = 𝑅
84.6 =
143 | Page 144 | Page


∅
∅
∅
𝐵= =
𝐴
145 | Page 146 | Page

٣ ٢
147 | Page 148 | Page

149 | Page 150 | Page

151 | Page 152 | Page

‫۔‬
𝐹 = 8𝑁
153 | Page 154 | Page

, 𝐿 = 20𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.2𝑚,
𝐼 = 40 𝑎𝑚𝑝,
𝐵 =?
𝑭 = 𝑩𝑰𝑳
𝐹 8 8
𝐵= = = = 1 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑎
𝐼𝐿 40 𝑥 .02 8
155 | Page 156 | Page

2𝑁𝑎 + 𝐶𝑙 ← 2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
2𝐴𝑙 𝑂 → 4𝐴𝑙 + 3𝑂
2𝑍𝑛𝑆 + 3𝑂 → 2𝑍𝑛𝑂 + 2𝑆𝑂
𝑍𝑛𝑜 + 𝐶 → 𝑍𝑛 + 𝐶𝑜
157 | Page 158 | Page

٢
→
→
→
→
١
٢
٣
٤
١
١
٢
٣
159 | Page 160 | Page

٢ ١
𝐹𝑒 𝑂 𝐹𝑒 𝑂
𝐴𝑙 𝑂 𝐴2𝐻 𝑂
𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑂
𝐹𝑒 𝑂
161 | Page 162 | Page

2𝑍𝑛𝑆 + 𝑆𝑜 → 2𝑍𝑛𝑜 + 2𝑆𝑂
𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑂 → 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑜 + 𝐶𝑂
2𝐹𝑒 𝑂 + 3𝐶𝑜 → 2𝐹𝑒 + 3𝐶𝑂
2𝑃𝑏𝑆 + 3𝑂 → 2𝑃𝑏𝑜 + 2𝑆𝑂 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂 → 𝐶𝑎𝑜 + 𝐶𝑂 .
163 | Page 164 | Page

𝐶 = 1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑃
165 | Page 166 | Page

𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻 𝐶 𝐻 𝐶 𝐻
C𝐻
𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻 𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻 𝐶𝐻
𝐶 𝐻
167 | Page 168 | Page

𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻
𝐶 𝐻 𝐶𝐻
C2H2n+2 + .X ------------> C2H2n+1 X
،CH3 -Cl =Chloromethane
CH3 -CH2 –Br= Bromomethane,،
CH3 -CH2 -CH2 –I= Iodopropane،
C2H2n+2 + .OH ------------> C2H2n+1 OH or C2H2n+2
169 | Page 170 | Page

C2H2n+2 + .CHO ------------> C2H2n O (General Formula)
carbonyl carbon
C2H2n+2 + .CO ------------> C2H2n O (General Formula)
171 | Page 172 | Page

𝐶𝐻 + 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻 𝑂
173 | Page 174 | Page

175 | Page 176 | Page

177 | Page 178 | Page

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PHYSICS FOR 10 CLASS BY ABULKARAM MOHAMMED ABDUL MOIZ PHYSICS FOR 10 CLASS BY ABULKARAM MOHAMMED ABDUL MOIZ

E mail Id: mamoiz786@gmail.com

𝐶𝑎𝑜 + 𝐻 𝑂 → 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻) + 𝐴+𝐵 →𝐶+𝐷 −

5‫𝑂ﮐﻮ‬ 3‫𝐶ﮐﻮ‬ 𝐻 𝐶 𝐻 + 5𝑂 → 3𝐶𝑂 + 4 𝐻 𝑂

𝑁𝑎 𝑆𝑂 ( ) + 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑙 ( ) → 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂 ↓ +𝑁𝑎𝑐𝑙

Acids bases and Salts

𝑀𝑔𝑂 + 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂

𝑴𝒈𝑶 + 𝟐𝑯𝑪𝒍 → 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶

→ 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐 → 𝑵𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝑶𝟑 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶

𝑁𝑎𝑜𝐻 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂

𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻) + 𝐶𝑙 → 𝐶𝑎𝑜𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂 ‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻼت‬Activities

𝐻𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻 𝑂

 Refraction of light at curved surface-4

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1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝 3𝑠 3𝑝𝑥 3𝑝𝑦 3𝑝𝑧

1𝑠 2𝑠 2𝑝𝑥 2𝑝𝑦 2𝑝𝑧

123 | Page 124 | Page

104.2 + 57.8 → 2(103)

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2𝑍𝑛𝑆 + 3𝑂 → 2𝑍𝑛𝑂 + 2𝑆𝑂

157 | Page 158 | Page

159 | Page 160 | Page

161 | Page 162 | Page

2𝐹𝑒 𝑂 + 3𝐶𝑜 → 2𝐹𝑒 + 3𝐶𝑂

2𝑃𝑏𝑆 + 3𝑂 → 2𝑃𝑏𝑜 + 2𝑆𝑂 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂 → 𝐶𝑎𝑜 + 𝐶𝑂 .

163 | Page 164 | Page

165 | Page 166 | Page

167 | Page 168 | Page

C2H2n+2 + .X ------------> C2H2n+1 X

،CH3 -Cl =Chloromethane

CH3 -CH2 –Br= Bromomethane,،

CH3 -CH2 -CH2 –I= Iodopropane،

C2H2n+2 + .OH ------------> C2H2n+1 OH or C2H2n+2

169 | Page 170 | Page

C2H2n+2 + .CO ------------> C2H2n O (General Formula)

171 | Page 172 | Page

173 | Page 174 | Page

175 | Page 176 | Page

177 | Page 178 | Page

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