LMS Test.

Lab Acoustics
 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics
Scalable solutions for spot-on sound testing and analysis

2 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics

LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 3
 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics
Scalable solutions for spot-on sound testing and analysis
Product sound and sound quality are key aspects of product perception. How a product sounds plays a critical role in conveying
the right message about its functionality, comfort, overall brand image and its quality. Regulations and competitive pressure have
forced manufacturers to keep noise levels within limits and meet increasingly stringent sound standards. Sound engineers look
for more productive testing and analysis solutions to quickly and effectively identify root causes of existing sound issues and help
them efficiently design products that transmit the right brand message.

Answering the call for a variety of acoustic techniques
LMS Test.Lab Acoustics offers a complete and unique suite of
software and hardware solutions for acoustics testing and analysis.
Specific domains include straightforward acoustic analysis, material
and component testing, sound power and pass-by noise testing for
sound source localization, vibro-acoustic engineering, and sound
quality and brand sound engineering. Scalable according to project
requirements, each solution offers task-specific advantages in terms
of return on investment. For more complex root cause analysis, LMS
experts can provide advanced acoustic and vibro-acoustic engineering
tools and services.
Getting to the bottom of it
For years, sound engineers have been experimenting with acoustic
techniques to find the best possible way to meet sound requirements
and solve sound issues. A first step is to gain an in-depth
understanding of how sounds are composed and which aspects
contribute to it. Once the sound attributes are identified, they can
be linked to physical components. LMS Test.Lab Acoustics address a
wide variety of challenges that sound experts and engineers daily face.
LMS acoustic solutions throughout the product
development cycle
• Benchmarking and brand sound engineering
• Sound design and target setting
• Scalable advanced techniques for product refinement, sound
engineering and troubleshooting
• Qualification and certification
• In-field and in-house certification and testing

“Acoustic testing is important to comply with noise emission legislation, but also to improve
competitive brand positioning and overall customer satisfaction.”

Acoustic techniques for spot-on sound testing and analysis

• Acoustic analysis: multi-channel sound level meter and octave analysis

• Material and component testing
• Sound power and certification measurements
• Pass-by noise testing
• Sound source localization (sound intensity, beam-forming, holography & focalization)
• Sound quality and brand sound engineering
• Trasfer Path Analysis and acoustic source quantification

4 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

 Meeting sound objectives

LMS Test.Lab Acoustics integrates all the basic functionalities that engineers require to assess sound.
The solution’s portfolio covers a wide variety of tasks such as tracking overall sound pressure levels,
determining spectral content, or create metrics to quantify the perceived level or articulation index
to evaluate speech intelligibility. So whether you are an acoustics expert who relies on the latest
analysis techniques or an occasional user who needs high quality results, LMS Test.Lab Acoustics is a
perfect all-around acoustic measurement system.

Selecting the right materials and components

The way in which acoustic material absorbs and reflects sound can have as much impact on the
design as the choice of the material itself. LMS Test.Lab Acoustics offers a full spectrum of tools to
study and examine the sound behavior of various materials and components and help determine how
they would affect the overall sound of the final product.

Conforming to sound power standards

Declared sound power is a key brand driver in many competitive sectors. Meeting or missing
certification standards can make all the difference between a successful product launch and a failure.
The LMS Test.Lab Acoustics portfolio provides several sound power solutions appropriate for multiple
standards and is adaptable to industry and customer-specific testing procedures for maximum
productivity.

Supporting pass-by noise standards

Pass-by noise regulations are becoming increasingly stringent. Test requirements in the latest
standards are much more complex and require more intelligent systems to perform productive and
reliable tests. LMS Test.Lab Acoustics offers a complete range of pass-by noise solutions for testing
standard environments for certification or engineering refinement.

Shaping the right sound quality

LMS Test.Lab Acoustics offers a variety of solid solutions to help determine the best possible sound,
wherever required in the development process cycle. Scalable to every need, LMS Test.Lab Acoustics
can be used for a variety of sound quality applications.

Discovering the origins of sound

To significantly save time and resources, LMS has designed a number of cutting-edge sound
source localization solutions, including high-definition acoustic cameras, to increase overall testing
productivity as well as other techniques that meet different required criteria such as frequency range,
accuracy, cost and time pressure.

Pinpointing the root cause

Efficient design modification in complex mechanisms can only be obtained with an in-depth
understanding of the system. LMS is known for its vibro-acoustic engineering expertise. Finding
the root cause of noise issues through transfer path analysis can help users make important design
decisions, saves time and costs and improves the entire development cycle. Customers around the
world count on LMS Test.Lab solutions to reach the right acoustic design objectives.

LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 5

 LMS Test.Lab Octave Testing
Octave testing is an indispensible element of acoustics and vibration engineering, and Features
part of many noise evaluation tests against predefined targets or legislative standards. • Octave filtering according to ANSI
The LMS Test.Lab platform supports octave testing for the largest variety of test S1.11 and IEC 61260 standards
scenarios. Whatever your needs are, LMS Test.Lab offers an easy-to-use and powerful • 1/1, 1/3, 1/12 and 1/24 octave filters
platform for acoustic qualification testing. • Sound level meter compatible results
including Leq according to IEC 61672-1
The broad analysis and application range of the LMS Test.Lab Octave Testing solutions • Psycho-acoustic metrics available
online and during post-processing
includes:
• Real-time processing on the calculated
octave data with derived channels
• Low or high channel count octave analysis • Tracking technology suited to
• Real-time or off-line analysis transient or stationary applications
• Analysis of stationary, transient or tracked against RPM or speed events, in
parallel with narrow band FFT analysis
• Octave analysis with parallel throughput
• Full 1/1 octave up to 1/24 fractional octaves

With LMS Test.Lab Octave Testing, acquisition and analysis of multi-channel octave
data is made easy. It provides linear and exponential averaging methods for acquiring
octave data in stationary or transient operating conditions, against specified time
or rpm intervals, and for monitoring dynamic, static and operational parameters. It Benefits
provides online acquisition and visualization of the most important functions such as • Provides effective and reliable
octave cuts, overall sound pressure levels, or equivalent sound pressure levels (Leq). noise evaluation according to
Calculations from physical measured channels using mathematical operations are the required standards
provided by the online derived mathematical channels. • Results compatible with octave
analyzers or analogue instruments
through filter benches
Further functionalities of the LMS Test.Lab platform enhance ease-of-use and analysis
• Real-time parallel processing for
flexibility. The data block calculator supports straightforward mathematical operations online validation of test results
on individual octaves blocks. The LMS Test.Lab Signature Data Post-processing option • Maximum flexibility with off-line processing
helps analyze and post-process complete waterfalls of tracked octave data. It contains for further analysis at any time
a comprehensive list of functions for further processing like e.g. waterfall averaging
and calculating octave sections.

Online psycho-acoustic metrics give immediate Real-time parallel processing provides simultaneous
information related to human sound perception. acquisition of multiple date types.

Flexible handling of low and high channel count Measure and evaluate the product’s acoustic
applications via tight integration of software and performance.
hardware.

6 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

 LMS Test.Lab Acoustic Material &
Component Testing
Features
• Absorption testing in impedance
Reducing the undesired or harmful effects of sound is a goal for every sound engineer. tube according to standards
One of the most popular techniques consists in blocking the sound transmission ISO 10534 & ASTM E1050
path using passive acoustic material treatments. Passive acoustic barriers are made • Sound transmission loss on mufflers
of heavy and/or dense material in combination with porous, open-celled absorptive including sample diameter correction
materials that stop the sound energy passing through the structure. • Sound transmission loss according to
standard ISO 140 (room method)
• Advanced transparency testing using
The LMS Test.Lab product family includes several solutions to determine acoustic
quantitative holography techniques
properties of materials or even complete components like doors, panels or mufflers.

The impedance tube is a common instrument for material absorption tests. LMS
provides a complete and easy-to-use solution for the entire process including phase
calibration. Results include normal incident sound absorption, reflection factor,
acoustic impedance and admittance ratio. An extended version of the impedance tube
can also be used for sound transmission loss testing on components like mufflers.
In this case, a 4-microphone matrix method is used. The same setup can also help
determine the sound transmission loss of material samples.

Room methods require a larger investment in infrastructure but offer several Benefits
advantages compared to the impedance tube test, such as larger sample testing, a • Efficient tools for benchmarking
non-homogenious object characterization, or a more realistic random incident sound and compliance testing
field. The LMS Acoustics solutions are used for absorption and sound transmission loss • Impedance tube design covers wide
testing according to international and in-house standards. frequency range from 50 to 5700 Hz
• LMS Test.Lab absorption testing
For in-situ transparency testing on components like a car hood, a cockpit dashboard or is compatible with impedance
tubes from other vendors
a firewall, LMS Test.Lab Sound Intensity or LMS Test.Lab Holography applications are a
• Tight integration in the LMS Test.Lab
perfect fit. These quantitative engineering methods provide maximum understanding of platform for product optimization
weak acoustic spot location. • Determine material acoustic properties for
use in simulation tools (LMS Virtual.Lab)

The design of the impedance tube provides testing The workflow displays graphical information about the
from 50 to 5700 Hz. setup for maximum convenience.

Understanding sound transmission loss on mufflers. Acoustic transparency testing of components using
holography or intensity techniques.

LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 7

 LMS Sound Power Testing
Sound power is a measure of the acoustic power generated and radiated by a machine
or tool. This measure characterizes and quantifies the sound source, independently
from the environment. Sound power measurements are used to certify tools to specific
ISO standards. Beyond certification on local markets and tool labeling according
to regional regulations, accurate sound power measurements may have a striking
impact on export sales and branding strategies. It is crucial therefore not to exceed
the allowed sound power level in many industries. Moreover, lower sound power often
represents a competitive advantage.

The LMS Sound Power solutions deliver the required testing efficiency for increased
testing and quality control. Beyond accurate measurements, LMS tools and services
help reach sound power targets with advanced techniques such as airborne source
quantification and sound source localization.
The software flexibility permits real-time processing
Sound power testing is used across a wide variety of industries such as white goods, as well as visualization of sound power and other data
office equipment, hand-held power tools or off-highway vehicle industries. during the acquisition.

The following techniques are employed in sound power testing:

• Pressure methods based on ISO 3741, ISO 3744, ISO 3745, ISO 3746
• Intensity methods according to the ISO 9614 series, often used for in-situ testing
• Non-standardized array-based methods like holography

Test procedures depend on the used technique. Every industry segment has particular
requirements that are described in specific industry standards.

The European directive for noise emission (2000/14/EC) applies to various outdoor
equipment and off-highway vehicle industries and requires them to label their
equipment (noise marking) or to comply with maximum values (noise limiting). In the
automotive industry, engine and powertrain test cells are used to measure sound
power at varying speeds. In the computer and business equipment industry, sound Testing on washing machines requires a long
measurement time. LMS Test.Lab supports online
power has to be measured according to ISO 7779 and ECMA standards. In the white
sound power level calculcation over any time interval.
goods and domestic appliances industries, the IEC 60704 standard for sound power
applies. For HVAC equipment, sound power level rating according to ARI 270 (Air
Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute) and ARI 575 are required.

The LMS package includes commercial off-the-shelf solutions for fast and efficient
testing according to most standards. The LMS Test.Lab platform further offers the
flexibility to tune sound power testing to specific industry requirements.

Features
• Commercial off-the-shelf or
customizable solution for industry or
customer-specific requirements
• Focus on productivity for
every industry standard
• Integrated reporting with
export to MS office
Benefits
• Accurately and efficiently measure
sound pressure levels
• A large range of ISO and local Sound power testing in engine test cells is done using
standards are supported, according intensity, sound pressure and holography techniques.
to specific industry requirements
• Single platform for sound power
level measurements to advanced
sound engineering tasks

Compliance with EC/2000/14 is mandatory for many

outdoor equipment manufacturers. LMS provides
solutions for both quantification and engineering.

8 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

 LMS Test.Lab
Exterior Pass-by Noise Testing
A highly adaptable and scalable pass-by noise testing solution, LMS Test.Lab Pass-by
Noise can be tuned to precise testing requirements and expanded as needed. LMS
Pass-by Noise is based on an extremely reliable hardware and software solution, which
combines state-of-the-art LMS SCADAS data acquisition and telemetry with the easy-
to-use LMS Test.Lab Pass-by Noise module. The test result is fast and accurate data
compliant with both international and local standards.

The system is suitable for one or two operators – depending on the preferred test
methodology. Either way, intuitive point-and-click interfaces clearly guide the user
through the entire pass-by measurement process: from pre-testing to reporting. After
a test run, all the data is immediately available for trackside viewing. This instant
access makes it possible to decide on the spot whether or not a vehicle or component A track-based exterior pass-by noise setup.
is compliant.

LMS Test.Lab Pass-by Noise supports a wide range of standards including ISO 362
and the ISO 362:2007 revision, SAE J366, SAE J986, SAE J1470, F76A US and Trias20.
Specific component-related standards for exhaust noise (EEC 93/97, ISO 5130, Trias
20) and tires (Trias20) are supported for more in-depth testing. It is easy to integrate
additional standards as they become available.

LMS Test.Lab Pass-by Noise system can be configured for dedicated user-defined
procedures and specific requirements. For more standard usage, LMS offers three
typical configurations:

• Track-based exterior pass-by noise in which the LMS SCADAS acquisition

system is placed near the test track. This method requires minimal vehicle
instrumentation.
• In-vehicle exterior pass-by noise where the LMS SCADAS acquisition system is
placed in the vehicle to acquire additional measurement channels for more in- An in-vehicle exterior pass-by noise setup with an LMS
depth analyses. SCADAS acquisition system.
• For advanced engineering tasks, large amounts of data must be captured near
the track and on the vehicle. For such tasks, both systems can be combined and
synchronized using the built-in LMS SCADAS GPS receivers.

Features
• Complete standard support including
the revised ISO 362:2007 and SAEJ
1470 from setup to reporting
• Online octave monitoring and sound
pressure levels according to track distance
and measurement status indicators
• Driver Aid: In-vehicle graphical
interface for monitoring speed, rpm,
position and weather conditions
• One-person operation
• Fully certified system (hardware:
ISO 61672 norm; position sensing:
ISO 362 requirements)
• Additional channels and throughput
data can be saved for further
engineering analysis
Benefits
• Complete acquisition and reporting
package for outdoor pass-by noise
homologation and engineering Graphic track layout sheet provides clear overview of
• Optimizes testing and analysis all elements of the measurement setup.
time by combining validation and
engineering testing with a high-
end, post-processing platform
• Effective and reliable noise evaluation
according to required standards
• Open platform for easy
implementation of new standards
• Online feedback on measurement
progress and quality
• High reliability reduces errors
and accelerates productivity
• Fast standards generation with
“single button” operation

For each run, immediate feedback is given wether test

conditions comply with the limits for the selected pass-
by standard.

LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 9

 LMS Test.Lab
Interior Pass-by Noise Testing
The LMS Test.Lab Interior Pass-by Noise solution is a popular testing method to
simulate pass-by noise using a roller bench in a semi-anechoic chamber. Primarily
a lab-based engineering tool, this interior pass-by noise solution supports pass-by
noise standards and brings numerous advantages to the testing process. To start, test
engineers are not dependent on weather conditions and this increases productivity and
keeps the testing process right on schedule. Working in a controlled lab environment
facilitates the testing process as a whole and makes the run and re-run processes
associated with vehicle modifications easy to reproduce with 100% reliability.
Engineers will find the LMS Test.Lab Interior Pass-By Noise an ideal method for
troubleshooting tough issues and finding solutions quickly.

Designed for one-person operation, this solution guides users step-by-step through Interior tesing provides a controller environment for
the process from primary data acquisition all the way to customized reporting. The pass-by noise refinement.
software calculates the virtual vehicle position based on the provided speed from the
dyno. From this information, the overall sound pressure level (OAL) is calculated as a
function of position – just like an exterior test.

The user can select from two methods to calculate the OAL. The first method is based
on the energy measured at each microphone location. The second method synthesizes
a time signal based on all measured microphones. This time signal is equivalent to
a time signal acquired from external pass-by noise measured microphones without
the Doppler shift. Users can listen to this synthesized time signal as well as use it for
OAL-level calculators and order calculations among others. Since the vehicle is not
moving, the user can measure additional signals on the vehicle as well. This gives a
better correlation analysis using the additional measurements and the far-field PBN
measurements, so that the engineer gains more insight into what components are
contributing most.

By combining the in-room pass-by noise solution with other LMS engineering solutions Graphic track layout sheet provides clear overview of
for sound source localization and source ranking, the in-room pass-by noise solution all elements of the measurement setup.
can drastically reduce development times.

Features
• Compliant with pass-by noise standards
for cars, light vehicles and trucks
• Complete support from setup
to automatic reporting
• Microphone position validation
• Time-data calculation corresponding
to outdoor microphone positions
Benefits
• Full control of environmental conditions
• Productivity increases
• One-person operation Reports can be easily customized and directly made
• Virtual microphone results for listening in MS Word.
validation and subjective evaluation
• Additional analysis on physical
microphone positions and outdoor
microphone positions

The solution is often combined with sound source

localization and source ranking techniques to gain maximum
understanding of the contributing sources and paths.

10 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

 LMS Test.Lab Sound Quality
The sound of an engine, the tonal components of a turbojet aircraft or the acoustic
performance of an electrical shaver – all represent sound quality aspects. As the
perception of product sound is considered an important attribute that defines its
character, sound quality efforts are no longer limited to noise reduction. Shaping the
right product sound is an intricate task that requires numerous steps and tools during
the product development process.

For acoustic benchmarking and sound quality assessment, the LMS Test.Lab platform
supports sound engineers for objective and subjective evaluation. Psycho-acoustics
metrics include loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength. Those
metrics are complemented with others indexes used for acoustic comfort qualification,
such as articulation index or speech interference. In addition, algorithms help detect
prominent tones and modulations. Results can be processed in real-time or off-line,
depending on user requirements and metrics type. The LMS SCADAS systems support both analogue and
digital artificial heads.
In the troubleshooting phase, the LMS Test.Lab Audio Replay & Filtering module
provides sound engineers with a very powerful filtering-during-replay tool. This tool
offers a proven and effective method to immediately and precisely detect annoying
sound components. For sound replay in the field, a standard soundcard is sufficient.
For listening sessions that require aurally-accurate, i.e. calibrated and equalized sound
reproduction, LMS supports specific analogue and digital 3rd party replay hardware.
Products of the LMS SCADAS acquisition system family are compatible with any kind of
digital or analogue binaural head.

For convenient sound quality modeling or fine-tuning at any stage of the product
development process, LMS Test.Lab Sound Diagnosis provides a complete, unique
and highly interactive environment that helps sound engineers create and quantify the
exact sound they are looking for. Engineers can evaluate the human perception of the
recorded sound through a large range of global and tracked psycho-acoustic metrics
on user-defined segments of the recorded time histories. After spectral analysis, the
main origin of the sound characteristics can be diagnosed starting from any type of The ‘replay & filter’ capability is a very efficient tool
to quickly identify annoying sound components by
display. Users listen to multiple data traces and, at the same time, analyze sounds with
integrating the human ear in the analysis chain.
real-time filtering and metrics calculation. An unlimited number of filters can be applied
interactively. Data from different measurement runs can be organized and combined
for batch processing. Selection and processing parameters can be saved as template
procedure to speed up future analysis.

In addition to offering increased efficiency and data consistency, LMS Test.Lab Sound
Diagnosis integrates sound quality evaluation into the overall noise and vibration
testing processes.

Features Benefits
• Extensive listening and filter capability • Complete solution for full development
for subjective evaluation process: from benchmarking
• Replay controls: single loop, looped and assessment to in-field and LMS Test.Lab Sound Diagnosis is a complete, unique
or toggled between sounds laboratory troubleshooting and highly interactive environment to quantify and
• Psycho-acoustic and other sound • Helps identify all positive and shape sounds.
quality related metrics negative sound attributes
• Support of analogue and • Accurate sound diagnosis at any
digital binaural heads stage of the development process
• Online graphical editing of filters

Aurally accurate replay for subjective evaluation of

different sounds.

LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 11

 LMS Test.Lab Virtual Car Sound
A handy and multi-purpose tool, LMS Test.Lab Virtual Car Sound can be used for general
sound design and targetsetting as well as advanced vibro-acoustic troubleshooting in
the vehicle refinement stage. The LMS Test.Lab Virtual Car Sound solution is mainly
applied to vehicles, but can be helpful when analyzing issues found in other rotating
machinery products and components.

Starting from experimental or simulation data, a sound quality equivalent model (SQE)
is generated that decomposes the interior car noise into powertrain, road/tire, and
wind noise. This sound decomposition methodology has been tested and confirmed by
a jury. The SQE model is equivalent in quality and features to the original sound. For
troubleshooting and targetsetting applications, the model can be refined with a TPA
model to study the different structure-borne and airborne path contributions.

This virtual vehicle can be driven interactively under different operating conditions. Interior noise can be decomposed into powertrain,
Speed, rpm, throttle, gear and brake can be adjusted. While driving, users can listen road/tire, and/or background noise by a one-click
to the generated sounds for a subjective evaluation. For objective evaluation and operation.
targetsetting, FFT-based spectral analysis is complemented with real-time sound quality
metrics, like loudness, articulation index and roughness. The partial contribution of the
different sound sources and paths is also displayed in real-time. This interactive driving
mode gives maximum freedom to the sound engineer to simulate realistic operating
conditions. For more project flexibility, this mode comes with a drive-by-file mode for
repeatable drive profiles and an external control mode. This could be a CAN-bus or serial
port interface that provides the hook-up of an external vehicle simulator.

All model components – orders, octave bands, FRFs, accelerations, mounts, forces –
can be modified in real-time for evaluation of ’what if’-scenarios. Modifications include
peak removal, level increase/decrease, phase corrections, and randomized phasing.
Click-free switching between modified models provides straightforward A/B comparison
under any operating condition.

During the refinement stage, time is limited and one might only have limited data Displays give feedback on the sound path contributions
in real-time.
to build the model. LMS Test.Lab Virtual Car Sound has been designed with these
situations in mind. Even with limited data, a SQE model can be created. LMS Test.Lab
Virtual Car Sound can handle both monaural and binaural data.

Features
• Highly interactive real-time multimedia
engineering environment
• A single measurement suffices to simulate
sound under different driving conditions
• One-click interior noise decomposition
from time data recordings (TDF files)
• Data measurement, decomposition,
SQE model creation and simulation
on one single platform
• Supports LMS Test.Lab and other models
• Driving modes include: free
interactive driving, drive control
by file and drive scenarios
Benefits
• Evaluate sound at all development stages,
with CAE and experimental data input
• Set targets on a component level Driving modes can be controlled via keyboard, mouse
• Save time by building models using or steering wheel for subjective sound quality analysis.
limited operational data that has
been automatically processed
• Perform transfer path optimization
using objective and subjective
sound quality criteria
• Save simulated profiles in time
data files for off-line analysis

Feedback is given in real-time on active and masked,

inaudible orders.

12 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

 LMS Test.Lab Array-based
Holography and Focalization
Features
• Highest spatial resolution for
The LMS Test.Lab Array-based Holography and Focalization solution includes a number all sound source localization
of unique and innovative techniques that increase localization accuracy and applicable techniques in low frequencies
frequency range. For sound source localization, near-field acoustic holography • Intelligent combination of multiple
offers the best possible accuracy across the frequency spectrum as well as ample measurement patches for both
quantitative data for intensity and (partial) sound power contribution calculations. The stationary and non-stationary signals
LMS Test.Lab Acoustic Source Localization technology can be used in both stationary • Propagation pressure to
intensity and pressure
and non-stationary situations.
• Propagation for a single frequency,
frequency range or octave band
To localize sources, microphone measurements are usually taken along a near-field • Animated displays show intensity/
plane. Due to interference and other unwanted effects, the measured pressure will pressure as a function of frequency/time
not reveal the real sources. To localize these, very specific sound source localization
processing is required. It is this processing that one finds in the LMS Test.Lab Array-
based Holography and Focalization solution.

The upper frequency limit is determined by the distance between measurement points
or microphones. To extend the upper frequency limit without additional measurements
or higher channel counts, a focalization processing is applied. This is an economic and
efficient way to double the upper frequency limit without any extra time or hardware Benefits
investments. • Yields accurate sound power calculation
and source ranking results
Covering a complete object with microphones requires a significant investment in • Cost-efficient technology for sound
measurement hardware. To limit the investment, it is possible to measure in patches source localization on slow engine run-
for either stationary or transient applications. The data from different runs is combined ups using measurement patches
in a unique way so that a larger surface can be covered with less hardware. • Cost-efficient technology to
double upper frequency limit
To increase overall testing productivity LMS also provides other techniques for sound
source localization. The latest LMS techniques include sound intensity (supporting
pressure-pressure and pressure-velocity probes) and high-definition acoustic cameras.

Linear array makes cost effective measurements in State-of the art processing supports identification of
patches possible. multiple sources with surpression of ghost images.

Typical applications include sound radiation and Tracked sound source localization provides analysis in
qualification on engines and powertrains. different operating conditions on engines.

LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 13

 LMS Test.Lab High Definition
Acoustic Camera
When time is critical, only an extremely fast solution will do. This is why engineers
count on the brand new LMS Test.Lab High Definition Acoustic Camera solution.
It is an extremely fast sound source localization method for both stationary and
non-stationary sounds. Featuring a beam-forming technique that permits source
localization from longer distances, it is an excellent solution for both large or awkward
structures and tight deadlines.

The advantage of beam-forming is that it provides spot-on localization of high

frequencies. The spatial resolution (i.e. the localization precision) is inversely
proportional to frequency and distance. Since the LMS Test.Lab High Definition
Acoustic Camera has been extended with close-to-the-source or near-field focalization,
A complete and integrated solution: multi-channel
the precision level is doubled compared to traditional beam-forming techniques – array, hardware and software platform for acquisition,
accounting for the “high definition” aspect of the acoustic camera. Traditional beam- interactive analysis and multimedia reporting.
forming cannot be used close to the source; therefore the LMS Test.Lab High Definition
Acoustic Camera automatically applies a different focalization process for these
measurement types.

The LMS Test.Lab High Definition Acoustic Camera solution includes a circular
microphone array with a wide-angle camera for clear pictures of the full surface
even at short distances from the source. The circular microphone array, available
with a standard configuration of 36 or 54 microphones, also includes a laser that
automatically measures the distance to the source.

The LMS Test.Lab High Definition Acoustic Camera solution provides accurate
localization up to 20kHz. Analysis results and reporting can be executed in time,
frequency and order domains. Results can be documented using pictures as well as
animated video. As part of the analysis process, it is also possible to listen to the
identified hot spots. LMS Test.Lab High Definition Acoustic Camera uses
unique, innovative yet robust processing.
To increase overall testing productivity, LMS also provides other techniques for sound
source localization according to different required criteria such as frequency range,
accuracy, cost and time pressure. The latest LMS techniques include sound intensity
(supporting pressure-pressure and pressure-velocity probes) and acoustic holography
(a holography solution combined with focalization).

Features
• Unique LMS Test.Lab hardware
and software for both far-field
and near-field measurements
• Automatic distance-to-source
measurement using built-in infrared sensor
• Animation of pressure as a
function of time/frequency
• Reporting includes pictures and video
Benefits
• Extremely quick results
• Applicable for stationary and
transient applications One solution for both far-field and near-field
• Double-precision compared to measurements for clear pictures even close to the
traditional beam-forming solutions measurement surface.

State-of-the art algorithms provide precise localization

of multiple sources with different levels over the entire
surface.

14 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

 LMS Test.Lab Sound Intensity
Testing and Analysis
Sound intensity measurements reveal the actual flow of acoustic energy and are a vital
part of a variety of acoustic testing applications, including source ranking and source
localization analysis to identify and quantify critical sound sources. These measurements
help engineers decide which countermeasures are most efficient. Sound intensity
measurements are also often used as a troubleshooter to detect acoustic leaks and
hot spots. Acoustic researchers further use LMS Test.Lab Sound Intensity Testing and
Analysis to determine the acoustic properties of various materials and components.

Stationary sound intensity techniques are very common. They can be performed
in-situ, which requires a limited investment since dedicated measurement facilities
are not actually necessary. This unique advantage makes the technique extremely
practical for ISO-based sound power testing according to ISO 9614 standards. Scanning test objects in-situ ensures maximum
testing flexibility.
The LMS Test.Lab workflow concept guides the operator through the entire testing
and analysis process. Both expert and non-expert users can easily create 3D
geometries, check the amplitude and phase calibration, conclude measurements
and validate data for a thorough analysis. When the test has been completed,
LMS Test.Lab Sound Intensity Testing and Analysis offers numerous possibilities
for automated and customized reporting included animated 3D views.

LMS Test.Lab Sound Intensity Testing and Analysis supports traditional pressure-
pressure intensity probes, but can also integrate more innovative pressure-velocity
probes from Microflown Technologies. The main advantage of the pressure-velocity
probe approach is that it covers the complete acoustic frequency range.

Sound intensity testing is labor intensive. To significantly save time and resources,
LMS provides robotized solutions. Moreover, to increase overall testing productivity,
LMS also supplies other techniques for sound source localization according to
different criteria such as frequency range, accuracy, cost and time pressure. The User guidance is provided to determine amplitude,
latest LMS Test.Lab sound source localization techniques include high-definition phase calibration, pressure-residual intensity index
during the actual intensity measurement.
acoustic cameras (a beam-forming solution combined with focalization) and
acoustic holography (a holography solution combined with focalization).

Features
• 2D and 3D visualization using
colored mesh displays
• Simultaneous narrow-band FFT and
time-based octave intensity results
• Amplitude and phase calibration
• ISO 9614 field indicator support
Benefits
• Measure and analyze test objects in-situ,
without requiring specific testing facilities
• Flexibility for both ISO-related testing Graphical selection of critical zones with
and troubleshooting tasks instantaneous calculation of particular sound power
• One-person operation for levels.
acoustics experts and novices
• Multiple features guarantee data quality
and analysis flexibility to handle simple
as well as highly complex geometries

Reports include advanced 3D visualization with

LMS Test.Lab Active Pictures and vectors.

LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 15

 LMS Test.Lab Interior
Sound Source Localization
Features
• Solid sphere design for improved
Interior sound source localization in closed cavities such as truck cabins, car interiors, dynamic range and spatial resolution
aircraft cockpits or trains has been a challenge for many years because of the sound • Maximizes accuracy by using
field complexity. LMS Test.Lab Interior Sound Source Localization provides a unique actual geometry information
solution for these highly complex interior sound source localization measurements. It • Innovative solution improves data quality
features a 3D acoustic camera and includes the latest innovations to localize acoustic in low, mid and high frequency ranges
leaks, disturbing wind noise, and squeak and rattle in difficult environments. • 3D visualization can be completed
with pictures to obtain 3D
photo-realistic models
The LMS Test.Lab Interior Sound Source Localization solution with 3D acoustic camera
uses a solid sphere to capture sound pressure levels. The innovative source localization
processing takes advantage of real geometry information of the cavity, obtained either
from an external file or by scanning the cavity with the sphere to get more accurate
results. Using geometry information greatly improves result accuracy. Moreover,
geometry information provides users with a very clear visualization of the results
for powerful and convincing reports. Images captured by the built-in camera can be
merged with the geometry information to obtain surprisingly realistic 3D models.

The solution offers full 3D results with one measurement. The LMS Test.Lab Interior
Sound Source Localization solution with 3D acoustic camera can be used for both Benefits
stationary and transient applications, as well as for correlated and uncorrelated • Easy-to-use and short learning curve
sources. • Best-of-class results and visualization
• Wide application range with one solution
• Very fast sound source
localization technique

Solid sphere with plug-and-play microphones and 3D photo-realistic views for clear analysis and
camera. convincing reports.

Interactive analysis capability includes state-of-the-art Wide range of applications for interior sound source
localization and quantification. localization in planes, trains, cars or truck cabins.

16 LMS Test.Lab Acoustics LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

LMS International | info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com LMS Test.Lab Acoustics 17
 LMS SYSNOISE, LMS DADS, LMS Tec.Manager, LMS CADA-X, LMS Test.Lab Mobile, LMS PolyMAX, LMS SCADAS III,
LMS is an engineering innovation partner for

LMS International, LMS Test.Lab, LMS Virtual.Lab, LMS Test.Xpress, LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim, LMS FALANCS,
companies in the automotive, aerospace and

LMS SCADAS Mobile, LMS SCADAS Recorder, LMS TecWare, LMS TWR, LMS Gateway and LMS OPTIMUS are
other advanced manufacturing industries. With
30 years of experience, LMS helps customers get
better products to market faster and turn superior
process efficiency into key competitive advantages.
With a unique combination of 1D and 3D simulation
software, testing systems and engineering services,

registered trademarks of LMS International. All other trademarks acknowledged.

LMS tunes into mission critical engineering
attributes, ranging from system dynamics,
structural integrity and sound quality to durability,
safety and power consumption. With multi-domain
solutions for thermal, fluid dynamics, electrical and
mechanical system behavior, LMS can address the
complex engineering challenges associated with
intelligent system design.
Thanks to our technology and dedicated people,
LMS has become the partner of choice of more
than 5,000 leading manufacturing companies
worldwide. LMS is certified to ISO9001:2008
LMS INTERNATIONAL quality standards and operates through a network
Researchpark Z1, Interleuvenlaan 68 of subsidiaries and representatives in key locations
B-3001 Leuven [Belgium] around the world. For more information on LMS,
T +32 16 384 200 | F +32 16 384 350 visit www.lmsintl.com.
info@lmsintl.com | www.lmsintl.com

Worldwide For the address of your local representative,

please visit www.lmsintl.com/lmsworldwide