A PROPOSED STEEL DESIGN FOOTBRIDGE IN BARANGAY UPPER

ABUNO RIVERSIDE, TUNGHAAN MINGLANILLA

A Study Proposal
Presented to the Department of Civil Engineering
Cebu Institute of Technology –University
Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

By

Candar, Jhonnas Ivan B.

Cuizon, Poala Marie I.
Dela Torre, Franciesca Marie G.
Hermano, Jason
Quiamco, Israel A.
Sabal, Gisselle Mae G.

DECEMBER 2021
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APPROVAL SHEET

This a study proposal entitled, “A PROPOSED STEEL DESIGN

FOOTBRIDGE IN BARANGAY UPPER ABUNO RIVERSIDE, TUNGHAAN
MINGLANILLA”, prepared and submitted by Jhonnas Ivan B. Candar, Poala
Marie I. Cuizon, Franciesca Marie G. Dela Torre, Jason Hermano, Israel A.
Quiamco Jr., Gisselle Mae G. Sabal in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is hereby recommended
for approval.

Engr. Charlene B. Ebora

Adviser
Date: ________________

Engr. Kenneth John Casalta Engr. Michael Angelo

Cabañero
Panelist Panelist
Date: ________________ Date: ________________

This proposal is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

Engr. Effe B. Laspiñas Engr. Suzette B. Pacaña

Thesis Coordinator Chair, Civil Engineering
Department
Date: ______________ Date: ________________

Dr. Evangeline C. Evangelista

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
 iii

Date: ____________________
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Conceptual Framework 2
1.3 Statement of the Problem 3
1.4 Significance of the study 3
1.5 Scope and Limitation 3
1.6 Definition of Terms 4
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 5
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 13
3.2 Research Environment 13
3.3 Research Respondents 14
3.4 Research Instrument 14
3.5 Research Procedure 15
3.6 Data Analysis 15
BIBLIOGRAPHY 17
APPENDIX A CURRICULUM VITAE 19
 v

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
1 Scheme Diagram of the Study 2
2 Actual view of the Study 14
3 Location of the Study (Google Earth Pro) 14
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale
A footbridge is a bridge that is not designed for traffic vehicles and was
intended for pedestrians, cyclists, humans, and animals. Footbridge usually
connects two sides of buildings, roads, places, and even streams. It has different
designs and structures, maybe in woods, ropes, steels, and concretes. In the 2nd
Century BC, ancient Rome was used to building stone footbridges over the Tiber
River. The first bridge in history was made out of wood. The Ponte Fabricio,
which still stands even today, has its original materials from 62nd BC.
The residents of barangay Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan, Minglanilla, Cebu
have only one footbridge located in Lower Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan,
Minglanilla Cebu. Residents from Upper Abuno Riverside have to spend time
traveling to Lower Abuno Riverside to access the national road. Upon initial
observation and survey, residents from the area have to travel more than 500
meters before crossing the footbridge of Lower Abuno Riverside. It is essential to
propose a new steel design footbridge for the residents of the area. Providing
them with a new accessible and effective footbridge is more convenient than
traveling to Lower Abuno’s footbridge.
The proposed footbridge of Upper Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan, Minglanilla
is steel because steel is more advantageous than other materials. Many bridges
and footbridges around the globe are usually made of steel, knowing that it is
more durable, safer, requires less maintenance, and are faster to build. In terms
of economic benefits, steel is more economical than other materials, which
government can save money in constructing. In addition, in terms of safety, steel
is adaptable to different climates and locations, which is less likely to fail when
earthquakes and typhoons occur. Furthermore, steel structure is more attractive
than other materials; aside from its strength, it can be twisted and bent into a
desirable design.
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The construction of a new steel design footbridge is a suitable solution for

Upper Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan, Minglanilla, Cebu to have easy access to the
main route. Furthermore, this study aims to propose a steel design footbridge
structure and ensure the safety of every local of Barangay Abuno Riverside,
Tunghaan, Minglanilla, Cebu. Rest assured that the researchers will invest their
knowledge, skills, and talents in a way that can help in conducting the research.

1.2 Conceptual Framework

Input
 Articles, journals, and other studies
 Identification of construction materials such as steel bar to be
used

Process
 Site Survey/Inspection
 Initial design (As built)
 Structural Analysis
 Cost Estimation

Output
Proposed Steel Design Footbridge

Figure 1. Scheme Diagram of the Study

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1.3 Statement of the Problem

The goal of this research is to design a safe and cost-efficient steel
footbridge and to be able to provide the residents of Upper Abuno Riverside,
Tunghaan, Minglanilla Cebu an accessible and effective route. This research
aims to answer the following question:
1.) Regarding safety, what must be the design of the steel footbridge that
fits at the given location and can be considered safe to the residents of
Upper Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan Minglanilla Cebu?
2.) With regards to cost, what must be the design of the steel footbridge
that is economical?

1.4 Significance of the Study

The fulfillment of this study will significantly benefit the following:
Residents. This study will provide a safe and cost-efficient steel
footbridge that they can use to have an accessible and effective route.
Civil Engineers. The study will serve as a basis for Civil Engineers in
designing and estimating steel footbridges.
Researchers. In addition to gaining knowledge about the study,
researchers can potentially improve their critical thinking skills from this research,
which might be useful in their future endeavors.
Future Researchers. Future researchers may conduct similar studies
related to this subject. This study can be used as a reference in figuring
information for further study and in overcoming the limitations of this study.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

This study focuses mainly on designing a steel footbridge in Barangay
Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan, Minglanilla and evaluating the current area
considering the weather and location to help in determining structural reliability of
the design footbridge. The researcher aims to assess the performance of the
proposed steel footbridge by conducting a structural analysis. A comparison will
be done on the cost of the existing footbridge in the Lower Abuno Riverside,
 4

Tunghaan Minglanilla and the proposed footbridge for the residents of the Upper
Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan Minglanilla. For the cost analysis, the total cost will
be calculated based on the proposed design steel footbridge.

1.6 Definition of Terms

The researchers define the following terminologies:
Cost Analysis – is a process of deconstructing a cost summary into its
component pieces.

Footbridge - a pedestrian bridge that spans water or trains in areas where there
are no neighboring roadways

National Road – is a road that connects major cities

Steel Bars – are commonly used for building structures due to their high strength
in both compression and tension.

Steel Design – is a branch of structural engineering that deals with the design of
steel structures.

Structural Analysis – is a method for assessing the effects of loads and internal
forces acting on a physical structure and its components to determine if they can
carry loads safely and without failure.
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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Despite significant progress in using modern methods to improve the

environment and sustainability of walkers, the installation of a footbridge falls
short of its full potential for protecting and transferring people from both sides of
the roadway. All users, including children and the elderly, should be able to use
this structure. It should be built so that human needs take precedence over the
other two components of the transportation system: the road and the vehicle. In
the context of pedestrian safety, researchers have attempted to evaluate
pedestrian behavior and perceptions of safe walking and crossing. As a result,
researchers worldwide have researched the elements that impact pedestrian
route decisions. The purpose of this research paper is to highlight the research
that has been done on footbridge usage. The findings on factors influencing the
structure's function found that seeing the footbridge as a safe crossing was the
most influential factor in increasing usage. A lack of time was the most common
reason for not using it. Furthermore, with numerous proposed techniques to
enhance the usage rate, barriers were the most suggested cure in the literature
to raise footbridge usage. Moreover, this research illustrates the multiple
environmental and economic benefits of constructing a footbridge (Hazan and
Napiah, 2017).
Early civilizations in China, South Africa, and Mesopotamia were all
involved in constructing footbridges (Baus and Schlaich,2008). At the time, the
bulk of these bridges were made of wood or stone. By the seventeenth century,
professionals in England and France had begun to pay their best experience in
building footbridges, especially when using cast iron. Suspension footbridges
were initially utilized in Europe in the nineteenth century. Because of increasing
traffic demands, the sector of footbridge construction has seen quantum leaps
over time. Engineers have begun to explore the popularity of these types of
crossings among pedestrians due to these factors. There were no proper
established warrants in England or the United States by 1953 to serve as
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standards in deciding whether to build a footbridge. However, one of the first

studies at the time asked about the feasibility of building a footbridge and the
proportion of people who would be willing to use it if it were provided in a specific
location in London. To answer this question, (Moore 1953) conducted an
observational study of pedestrians' use of three footbridges. He discovered that if
the time spent crossing the bridge is equal to the time spent traveling the road, or
when R = 1, 80 percent of individuals will take the footbridge. He advocated
putting up roadblocks, such as railings, to make the way inconvenient for
pedestrians and to call their attention to the footbridge as a safe crossing while
forming their walking pattern, to keep the ratio below one (i.e., to increase the
proportion of footbridge usage). In a research based on the observation of two
footbridges in Baghdad, Iraq, (Allos and Mohamad,1983) used the same
explanatory variable of time ratio between the footbridge and the surface path.
The study chose to delete the variable due to its complexity and replace it with
other variables used in the model, such as the distance from the footbridge and
the presence of an escalator.
Researchers and experts in the field of pedestrian safety and pedestrian
crossing facilities had gone to great lengths to establish acceptable thresholds,
criteria, and guidelines for installing a footbridge by that time, and they hadn't
given up developing integrated warrants to justify the provision and effectiveness
of footbridges. The majority of these studies were conducted in the 1970s when
footbridges' social, environmental, and economic aspects were assessed to
create an appealing atmosphere that attracts community members as they go
about their daily activities. Many studies have provided these assessments, such
as (Braun and Roddin's 1977) study, which evaluated 36 characteristics to
determine the significant benefits of using the footbridge and conducted another
survey on pedestrian characteristics in suburban areas to describe the
importance of walking among the general public and to establish general
principles for successful footbridges, such as the construction of a side fence in a
shape that provides both visibility and security. Existing warrants for the
construction of footbridges were not integrated, according to (Axler 1984), who
 7

claimed that many guarantees were improperly applied and had no valid
quantitative values to use in this field. As a result, Axler chose to provide a set of
mathematical arguments for determining the efficacy of footbridge building.
Based on the reviewed related research and the three types of warrants
used in the United States, a study of 25 footbridges and 15 underpasses in five
cities in the United States was conducted (quantitative threshold warrants,
priority ranking systems, and system warrants). The high traffic, according to
pedestrians, is the main reason they use the footbridge. Existing contracts were
examined by a group of advisors made up of five transportation professionals
from various locations. The study established eight warrants for constructing a
footbridge, including the minimum pedestrian volume, minimum vehicle volume,
distance from proposed location to nearest safe crossing, on-street physical
barriers, lighting provision, topography changes, adjacent land use, and financial
availability. Pedestrian barriers were also suggested as a viable approach for
boosting the use of footbridges while also improving safety. Table 2 evaluates
the degree of success of each footbridge based on the counted pedestrian
usage/non-use volume in all study sites by calculating the ratio of users to total
pedestrians and comparing it to the relevant degree's range of values. After the
widespread deployment of footbridges at the end of the twentieth century,
researchers were more interested in the function of existing footbridges. For
example, (Tanaboriboon and Jing,1994) discovered that pedestrians in Beijing,
regardless of their age or gender, will avoid the bridges on their path owing to the
difficulty of ascending and descending the stairs. According to the Florida
Planning and Design Handbook, pedestrian overpasses will not be influential
among other forms of crossings solely because they improve safety; they must
also be accessible and comfortable for users.
The Truss Footbridge is a bridge that can be constructed practically
anywhere. They can be erected in a span of 30 feet (10 meters) to 200 feet (67
meters) in length. People can customize their width to accommodate any vehicle.
A truss footbridge is generally built out of steel; however, a wooden truss can
also be used unless prominent members are employed; the relative weakness
 8

would limit the span of the bridge to around 60 feet (20 meters). Fiber Reinforced
Polymer or fiberglass can also be used, and they have the same allowable span
as the steel. Hence, fiberglass only uses bolted connection, and it will allow less
truss option, unlike steel. For centuries, workers used timber as the primary
material in constructing trusses, even for truss bridges. Andrea Palladio, in 1570
published Four Books on Architecture which is concerned about the wooden
truss bridges. Palladio described several types of wooden trusses, particularly
the Kingpost and the Queenpost designs. She even promoted the use of wooden
trusses in bridges. Some builders from European countries, particularly the most
wooded country in Switzerland, continued to build wooden truss bridges until the
eighteenth century. Builders began erecting wooden truss bridges in the United
States in the late 1700s, and by the mid-1800s, this country had become the
world leader in wooden truss bridge construction (Steinman and Watson 1957).
The rapid ascent of the United States in wooden truss design was due to several
causes. The United States had a minimal transportation system in the mid-
1700s, and the Revolutionary War devastated what was already an inadequate
system. The newly established United States required a considerably expanded
and better system by the late 1700s. Furthermore, while the iron sector did not
have much clout, the availability of timber and employees to mill it looked infinite.
Moreover, steel truss design bridges are the most suitable types that developers
chose as the most effective and economical in a single span of more than 100
feet. The floor framing members of a truss are well arranged and connected to its
elements. Below-deck floor beam members span the shorter dimension across
the bridge width to primary truss girders outside of the bridge's roadway or deck
in this layout. In addition, steel trusses can be prefabricated and can be spliced
together at the job site. It will develop comfortable delivery and fewer trucking
permit. After the truss is spliced together, it will use a light lifting crane, unlike a
single precast box or I-girder that weighs three times the weight of the truss
members. Prefabricated steel design footbridges can be fabricated in many
designs and styles. They can be developed in aesthetic ways or built according
to the site location, considering the soil settlement of the area. It will always
 9

depend on you on how you will decide the design, the most important is how you
envision your project. One example of the oldest truss bridge that has been used
even up to this day is Kapellbrücke or Chapel Bridge; it is a wooden footbridge
located in Reuss River from the city of Lucerene, Switzerland. It was originally
almost 200 meters long, but it was shortened and is now 170 meters long due to
bank replenishment. It was constructed as part of Lucerene's defenses. Its
objective was to connect the ancient town on the right bank with the new town on
the left bank and protect against attacks from the lake to the south. The bridge
has a so-called "Water Tower," which is so named because it rests on water, not
because it holds water. The tower, which is 30 years older than the bridge,
served as a prison and archive. Even though it is part of the bridge complex, it is
currently closed to the public. In a year, the bridge was restored to its original
condition following the fire. The renovation cost a total of $2.1 million. It is now
Switzerland's most popular tourist destination.
The Girder Footbridges are the most common bridge you will see in the
city. They are built with beams spanning the opening and a perpendicularly
erected deck over it. The loads underneath by the traffics taken by the girder.
This kind of footbridge can be built in any length, width, and deck type; only the
differentiator is the cost of the material that is being used. Girder bridges are the
most basic bridge structures, consisting of steel beams curved into an I-section
or a box section, respectively, and are known as plate girder bridges or box
girder bridges. Effective spans of 25 to 150 meters are used in most cases, while
the Costa e Silva Bridge in Brazil has the longest effective span of 300 meters.
The prehistoric human built the first girder beam due to nature's imitation, where
trees had fallen and used the same technique to fabricate in place. In 484 BC,
Herodotus, a historian from ancient Greece, was the first to leave a recorded
document of the bridge. In the 8th century BC, Herodotus wrote about the bridge
built across the Euphrates River made out of stones and woods. The ancient
Romans developed simpler bridge types in the 7th century BC, and that was the
bridge built across the Tiber River, also known as the "Pons Sublicius," which
means the bridge made out of beam. The Romans were also the first to build
 10

columns with cofferdams. They would dig a circular wooden structure coated with
clay into the riverbed and use a pump to drain the water. It would leave a space
to pour the concrete into, as well as a mold. Bridge construction became more of
an exact science after French engineer Hubert Gautier published the first book in
the 18th century. The next book, American Squire Whipple's "A Work on Bridge
Building," refined this much further by being the first manual on analytical
methods for determining stresses and strains in a bridge.
According to R.K Bharil, Girder bridges have progressed from a small-
span application to a cost-competitive functional form, becoming the most
extensively utilized bridge type of our time. The design requires a thorough
knowledge about the various types of girders, from their advantages to
disadvantages of other kinds of bridges. Some factors affect the creation of the
girder bridge, specifically the maintenance availability, life cycle cost, fabrication
and shipping constraints, and traffic and construction circumstances. In
constructing, preservation, and inspection, thorough planning, selection of types,
and designing must develop a well-constructed girder bridge. Simple cast-in-
place concrete girders to post-tensioned segmental concrete box girders and
high-performance structural steel plate girders are among the current girder
kinds. As practicing engineers and bridge owners, we must better understand
loads, codes, materials to be used, and performance to know its limitations and
preferred uses of the bridge quickly.
Arch Footbridges, deck arch bridges (with arches below the deck), and
through arch bridges (with arches above the deck) are two types of arch bridges
(those with arches above the deck, generally tied arches). The structural issue in
all arch bridges is minimizing the misalignment of the arch axis and the line of
thrust and providing enough bending and buckling resistance. The main design
considerations are the arch-to-span ratio, the arch and deck slenderness, and
the number of hangers or piers. High-speed railway (HSR) bridges, concrete-
filled steel tubes, precast concrete arches, high-performance concrete or ultra-
high-performance concrete arches, and steel-concrete composite arches are
examples of recent novel arch bridges that use unique architecture installation
 11

methods. Recent research has focused on the shape and size of corresponding
geometric defects, fatigue details, erection procedures, reducing the arch's self-
weight, and new materials for arches, hangers, and ties. The possible old
existing footbridge was the Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto), a stone arch
bridge in the center of Venice that spans the Grand Canal at its narrowest point.
The Rialto Bridge, built in the latter years of the 16th century, is the oldest bridge
crossing the canal and is regarded as a Renaissance architectural and
engineering feat. Following a design competition in the city, Antonio da Ponte
and his nephew, Antonio Contino, planned and erected it. The Rialto Bridge
comprises a single stone arch that supports a huge rectangular deck with two
arcades of shops facing three different roads. The bridge's lowest chord is just 25
meters (83 feet) long, with a width of 20 meters (66 feet). Six thousand timber
piles were driven beneath each abutment to support the wide stone arch in the
soft alluvial soil, and the bed joints of the stones were set perpendicular to the
arch's thrust.
The deck and the wires follow different curves. The Union Chain
Suspension pedestrian was claimed as the oldest bridge globally; Samuel Brown,
a retired navy captain, completed the Union Chain Bridge in 1820. It was built for
around £7,700 and replaced a "dangerous ford" slightly downstream. Even
though work on Thomas Telford's Menai Bridge began before it, the Union Bridge
was completed first, making it the world's longest iron suspension bridge when it
opened. It lasted into the 1970s with little upkeep, but in 1974 the entire deck
was replaced. Concerns about its health have grown in recent years, prompting
the £10.5 million renovations currently underway. It will be taken for repairs as
part of the procedure before returning and reopening early next year. Once built,
the bridge is expected to enhance tourism while also showcasing its history and
engineering significance. The current renovation was driven by serious worries
about the structure's state. Northumberland County Council, Scottish Borders
Council, Museums Northumberland. The structure's full restoration began in
October and now work on the final stage of its dismantling - removing the
bridge's major chains that supported the deck - has begun.
 12

Above all, the Truss Steel Design Footbridge is the most convenient and
economical to use. Steel truss bridges have been around since the 1800s, while
prefabricated steel truss bridges have been around since the 1930s when
modular designs were created for military use. A modern steel truss bridge has
proven to be a viable, beautiful, and cost-effective solution for bridge sites with
significant engineering constraints time and time again. With the support of a
bridge manufacturer with the expertise and experience to lead the way, this may
be easier to specify a modern steel truss bridge.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

This study will utilize descriptive research under the method of quantitative
research. The descriptive research method is suitable for the proposed steel
design footbridge of Upper Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan, Minglanilla, Cebu. The
said methods involve using data through actual observations, direct interviews,
and documentation of the researchers to the area of the study. The researchers
aim to provide a safe and more efficient steel design for the residents by
structural analysis. Moreover, our research will be conducted regarding various
steel materials to help the researchers to know the best quality yet is economical
to use in designing the footbridge. Afterward, essential data will be acquired and
tabulated.

3.2 Research Environment

The locale of the study is the Barangay Upper Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan
Minglanilla Cebu. Residents in the neighborhood have trouble getting to the
national highway since the municipality has constructed a steel design footbridge
at Lower Abuno, which serves those who live in close proximity to the footbridge.
In figure 2, is the actual view of where the researchers proposed steel footbridge
will be located. In figure 3, the encircled part of the map is the location of the
study, the red circle is the existing footbridge, and the blue circle is the location of
the proposed steel footbridge.

Figure 2 Actual view of the Study: Barangay Upper Abuno, Riverside,

Tunghaan Minglanilla, Cebu
 14

Figure 3 Location of the Study: Barangay Upper Abuno, Riverside, Tunghaan

Minglanilla Cebu (Sources: Google Earth Pro)

3.3 Research Respondents

The researchers chose the residents of Barangay Abuno Riverside,
Tunghaan, Minglanilla, Cebu to be the study's respondents, especially the Upper
Abuno Riverside. They were selected as the respondents of this study because
they are the ones who use and will utilize footbridge as a crossing facility.

3.4 Research Instrument

The researchers used Structural Analysis and Designing Program or
STAAD Pro to analyze the structure of the proposed steel footbridge. STAAD Pro
is an app used by civil and structural engineers to analyze and design various
structures especially steel structures.
3.5 Research Procedure
The researcher visited Barangay Upper Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan,
Minglanilla to gather the data, study the specific location considering its area as
this will help in analyzing the materials that will be needed for the structural
 15

design. For the cost estimation, the researchers aim to locate the shortest gap as
this will help lessen the cost to design the steel footbridge that is cost-efficient
and at the same time reliable to use. After much consideration, the said place
was carefully analyzed and conceptualized to determine the most suitable steel
design footbridge to be proposed.

A steel footbridge design was made by the researcher using STAAD and
uses the important features of this application such as physical modeling, the
researcher is able to take advantage of physical modeling to simplify the
modeling of structure. Steel AutoDrafter is one of the important features for this
app, the researcher will be able to extract planar drawings and material take-off
from structural steel model prepared in STAAD together with the samples and
data that was gathered to enhance its foundation and supported together with
determining the necessary equipment and materials to be used for the proposed
steel footbridge.

3.6 Data Gathering

The researcher will obtain permission to perform the study from the school
administration of the Cebu Institute of Technology University in Cebu City. The
researcher will be visiting Barangay Abuno Riverside Tunghaan Minglanilla to
study its location and weather as this will be the basis in determining the required
materials and equipment to be used. It is important to the researcher to identify
the current of the river as this will also affect the entire steel footbridge that can
affect its strength and loading.
Upon viewing the targeted area, the researcher will look for the shortest
possible span (length) of the bridge to minimize the cost of a footbridge and the
work involved in installing it and maximize the benefits to the communities that
will use it. For the location, the researcher will also consider looking for a location
that has a good clearance against flooding and the stable flow of a river.
Designing the loads and determining the live load and the researchers will
prioritize dead load. Vertical loading will occur since it is the dead loading from
the weight of the bridge itself and live loading from the bridge users. Site loading
 16

will consider the wind pressure, there possibility of debris carried by the river
impacting against the bridge. The researcher will consider the type of loadings in
designing the steel footbridge and design a footbridge that will reduce the risk of
impact and damage considering all the loadings in the footbridge.
Determining footbridge users and loading. The researchers were to
identify the level of the bridge. Standard widths for different paths and tracks will
be in consideration; there are two measurement widths of footbridge
recommended in Manual, such as 1.4m in which is two-way for pedestrians and
one-way for livestock, pack animals, and bicycles. The other standard width is
2.1m, which is two-way for pedestrians, bicycles, and livestock and one-way for
pack animals, animal-drawn carts, and Light motor vehicles. The level of traffic
for walkers and bicycles will also be considered; in the is low traffic 50
person/bicycle per day, Medium 50 to 500/day or High over 500/day that will
cross the footbridge.

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2021, from https://www.ramjack.com/about/news-
events/2015/august/different-soils-how-they-affect-foundations/.

Arsandrei, Y. (2018, June 2). Standard penetration test (SPT) of soil - procedure,
tools, precautions. CivilSeek. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from
https://civilseek.com/standard-penetration-test/.
 18

Parkes, J. (2021, May 17). World's 'longest pedestrian suspension' bridge opens
in Portugal. World Economic Forum. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/05/516-meter-arouca-pedestrian-
suspension-bridge-opens-in-northern-portugal/?
fbclid=IwAR0bp9deZRQ_UmbNvz5T-
1RFuh62bUVdmmz5RxUOh4tmjr9tH4DLo9JTh1A.

APPENDIX A
CURRICULUM VITAE

JHONNAS IVAN B. CANDAR

jhonnasvan22@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 0930-485-4856
 19

Personal Background
Home Address : Pandongbato, Media Once, Toledo City
Present Address : Pandongbato, Media Once, Toledo City
Date of Birth : March 22, 2000
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

Educational Attainment
Tertiary : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2018 – Present)
Senior High School : Consolatrix College of Toledo City, Inc.
Magsaysay Hills, Poblacion, Toledo City
(2016 – 2018)
Junior High School : Magdugo National High School
Don. Juan Climaco Sr., Toledo City
(2012 – 2016)
Elementary : Pandongbato Elementary School
Pandongbato, Media Once, Toledo City
(2006 – 2012)

APPENDIX A
CURRICULUM VITAE

POALA MARIE I. CUIZON

poalamarie9@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 0916-140-2517
 20

Personal Background
Home Address : Block 6-66 Magsaysay Street Suba, Cebu City
Present Address : Block 6-66 Magsaysay Street Suba, Cebu City
Date of Birth : January 30, 1999
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

Educational Attainment
Tertiary : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2018 – Present)
Senior High School : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2016 – 2018)
Junior High School : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2012 – 2016)
Elementary : Save by Grace Christian Institute of Cebu
43 Belguim Street Suba Pasil, Cebu
(2006 – 2012)

APPENDIX A
CURRICULUM VITAE

FRANCIESCA MARIE G. DELA TORRE

franciescamarie@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 0915-861-3125
 21

Personal Background
Home Address : 85-C Lower San Roque, Bulacao, Cebu City
Present Address : 85-C Lower San Roque, Bulacao, Cebu City
Date of Birth : February 4, 1999
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

Educational Attainment
Tertiary : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2018 – Present)
Senior High School : University of the Visayas – Main Campus
Dionisio Jakosalem St, Cebu City
(2016 – 2018)
Junior High School : University of the Visayas – Pardo Campus
E. Sabellano St, Cebu City
(2012 – 2016)
Elementary : Bulacao Community School
Villa Manga, Cebu City
(2006 – 2012)

APPENDIX A
CURRICULUM VITAE

JASON HERMANO
jasonhermano191@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 0961-799-1492
 22

Personal Background
Home Address : Linao San Miguel Talisay City, Cebu
Present Address : Linao San Miguel Talisay City, Cebu
Date of Birth : February 6, 2000
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

Educational Attainment
Tertiary : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2018 – Present)
Senior High School : University of Cebu
Sanciangko St. Cebu City
(2016 – 2018)
Junior High School : St. Paul College Foundation Inc.
Bulacao Cebu City
(2012 – 2016)
Elementary : Lawaan Elementary School
Lawaan I Talisay City, Cebu
(2006 – 2012)

APPENDIX A
CURRICULUM VITAE

ISRAEL A. QUIAMCO JR.

quiamconisrael@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 0956-125-4746
 23

Personal Background
Home Address : V-19 General Genis Cebu City
Present Address : V-19 General Genis Cebu City
Date of Birth : January 7, 2000
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic

Educational Attainment
Tertiary : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2018 – Present)
Senior High School : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2016 – 2018)
Junior High School : Saint Mary’s Academy of San Nicolas
T. Abella St. San Nicolas Cebu City
(2012 – 2016)
Elementary : Sawang Calero Elementary School
Sawang Cebu City
(2006 – 2012)

APPENDIX A
CURRICULUM VITAE

GISSELLE MAE G. SABAL

gissellemaesabal98@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 0945-679-1116
 24

Personal Background
Home Address : Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan Minglanilla, Cebu
Present Address : Abuno Riverside, Tunghaan Minglanilla, Cebu
Date of Birth : July 1, 1998
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Iglesia ni Cristo

Educational Attainment
Tertiary : Cebu Institute of Technology – University
N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City
(2018 – Present)
Senior High School : Asian College of Technology
Bulacao, Talisay City, Cebu
(2016 – 2018)
Junior High School : Mary Help of Christian School
Km. 17 Tunghaan Minglanilla Cebu
(2012 – 2016)
Elementary : Tungkop Elementary School
Tungkop Minglanilla Cebu
(2006 – 2012)