Contents

2. Modality
2.1. Mood and modality
2.2. Kinds of modality
2.2.1. Epistemic, deontic and dynamic
2.2.2. Agent oriented and speaker oriented.
2.2.3. Root and epistemic modality
2.3. Modality across languages
2.3.1.Typological modality
2.3.2. Realis and irrealis
2.3.3. Grammatical systems
2.3.3.1. Modal verbs
2.3.3.2. Mood
2.3.3.3. Clitics and particles
2.3.3.4. Modal adverbs
2.4. Modality in English
2.4.1. Modal verbs
2.4.2. Modal adverbs
2.4.3. Parentheticals

3. Grammaticalization.
3.1. What is grammaticalization?