Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Process of Genetic Engineering
and; Benefits and Risks of Using
GMO’s
Earth and Life Science - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Process of Genetic Engineering and Benefits and Risks of Using
GMO’s.
First Edition, 2020

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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Process of Genetic Engineering
and; Benefits and Risks of Using
GMO’s
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Process of genetic engineering and; Benefits and risks of using
GMO’s.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Process of genetic engineering and; Benefits and risks of using
GMO’s.
This ADM focuses on the process of Genetic Engineering and its pros and
cons. Genetic engineering interrupts the dissimilarities between nature and culture,
between human and nonhuman, and between the production of knowledge and the
production of commercially viable products. We cannot deny the fact that it has a
big impact in the society. Keep going because this module will enlighten you the
process of Genetic Engineering and the benefits and risk of using its products or the
GMO’s.
This will give you an idea of the skills or
What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
 This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, student is expected to learn the following competencies:

1. The learners describe the process of genetic engineering (S11/12LT-IIej-17) and;

2. evaluate the benefits and risks of using GMO’s (S11/12LT-IIej-19).

2.1. Know the process of genetic engineering;

2.2. Trace the process of genetic engineering using a diagram;

2.3. Describe the definition of genetically modified organism;

2.4. Differentiate GMO and NON-GMO products and;

2.5. Appreciate the positive and negative impacts of GMO.

What I Know

Let’s see what you already know by arranging the following letters to form
words about Genetic Engineering and GMO by arranging the following letters.

1. C I T E N E G GNIREENIGNE

2. E N E G

3. R O T C E V

4. D I M S A L P

5. Y L L C A T I E N E G EDFIDIMO SMNIGAOR
 Process of genetic engineering
Lesson
and;
17 Benefits and risks of using
GMO’s.
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to describe the different ways of
animal reproduction. Let’s have a quick recap about the lesson tackled by the
previous module.

What’s In

Identify the different types of reproduction. Write your correct answer.

1. It occurs when individuals arise throughout the outgrowths from a parent.

2. The separation/division of an organism to form individuals of approximately
the same size. This is usually observed in animal-like protists.
3. It happens when an animal’s body breaks into different parts, which later
regenerate to form several individuals. Sponges, annelids, cnidarians and
tunicates are examples of this mode of reproduction.
4. It is like apomixes in plants, where the egg cell develops without fertilization.
This is exhibited by bees, wasps, lizards, sharks.
5. The process of joining the haploid gametes (sex cells) to form a diploid cell
called a zygote.

Notes to the Teacher

This module prepares students to create and visualize body
shapes according to how they are made or presented in a picture.
 What’s New

Our traits are governed by the messages we get from our DNA. Changes in
our DNA, from minute to large segments, can result to changes not only in a
protein’s ability but sometimes to a phenotype of an organism.
Genetic engineering is the process in which genetic material is transferred
from one organism to another. Artificial selection is the most traditional form of
genetic engineering, wherein specificity of synthesis of the target DNA sequence is
less than current genetic engineering technology. It has application in the
pharmaceutical, industrial, agricultural, medical and other industries. Below is
an example wherein genetic information from a firefly and a jellyfish for
bioluminescence is transferred to a tobacco and a pig. This has applied for medical
technology, especially in tracking cell activities.
Genetic information is transferred via a vector. A vector can be a bacterium,
through its circular DNA called a plasmid, or a virus. Below is a diagram of genetic
transfer using bacterial plasmid. A specific target genetic segment is spliced into
a bacterial plasmid and allowed to be replicated. This gene can then be transferred
to a target organism, such in the case of pest-resistant crop, or proteins can be
harnessed, such as in the case of insulin.

Process of Genetic
Engineering

Gene inserted into

plasmid

Plasmid put into

bacterial cell

Host cell grown in

culture to form a clone of
cells containing the
“cloned” gene of interest

Basic research and

various applications
 What is It

Genetic engineering is used by scientists to enhance or modify the

characteristics of an individual organism. A Genetically modified organism, or
GMO, is an organism where in its DNA altered or modified in some way
through genetic engineering. Take a look at the picture below.
 What can you say about the quality of the sweetcorn’s in the picture?
You can easily notice the difference in their quality. The kernel of corn on the
left are good in quality compared to the kernel of corn on your right. According
to the National Library of Medicine (part of the National Center for
Biotechnology Information, or NCBI), genetically engineered, or GM, foods are
those that have had foreign genes from other plants or animals inserted into
their genetic codes. This has resulted in foods that are consistently flavored,
as well as resistant to disease and drought. One of the biggest attractions for
extensive acceptance of a GMO crops is pest resistance. The corn on the left
obviously is an example of GMO thru its good quality kernel while the corn on
the right is a NON-GMO since we can say that it suffers from a pest that cause
disease that explains its bad quality of its kernel.

The possible benefits of genetic engineering include:

 More nutritious food

 Tastier food
 Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer
environmental resources (such as water and fertilizer)
  Less use of pesticides
 Increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer shelf life
 Faster growing plants and animals
 Food with more desirable traits, such as potatoes that produce
less of a cancer-causing substance when fried
 Medicinal foods that could be used as vaccines or other
medicines
But GMOs can also cause environmental harm. NCBI also maintains a
list of potential risks associated with GM foods. Anti-GMO activists argue that
GMOs can cause environmental damage and health problems for consumers.

Some people have expressed concerns about GE foods, such as:

 Creating foods that can cause an allergic reaction or that are

toxic
 Unexpected or harmful genetic changes
 Genes moving from one GM plant or animal to another plant or
animal that is not genetically engineered
 Foods that are less nutritious
These concerns have proven to be and speculative. None of the GMO
foods used today have caused any of these problems.

What’s More

Essay Question:

Answer briefly.

1. Define genetic engineering.

2. What is GMO? Explain it.

3. What are the processes of genetic engineering?

Rubrics:

(5 points) Exceptional – student responses far exceed what is expected

(4 points) Excellent – information is factually accurate and offers extra supporting

facts.

(3 points) Good – The student somewhat responds beyond the basic level of the
question to provide supporting details and or interpretation.

(2 points) Fair – student responses, although somewhat correct, are lacking in

relevant details and supporting examples and or interpretation.

(1 point) Not Mastered - student responses are largely incorrect.

Trace the process of genetic engineering using the diagram given.

 What I Can Do

Identify which one is GMO and which one is NON-GMO.

A B
A B

1. _______ ______
1. 2. _______ ______

3. _______ ______

4. _______ ______

2.

3.

4.
 Assessment

Give at least 3 of each answer.

 Additional Activities

Research on the role of bacteria in the production of cheese, pickles and some
other foods.
What’s More: ANSWERS MAY VARY
1. Genetic engineering is the process in which genetic material is transferred from one organism to
another.
2. Genetically modified organism, or GMO, is an organism where in its DNA altered or modified in some
way through genetic engineering.
3. Process of Genetic Engineering
 Gene inserted into plasmid
 Plasmid put into bacterial cell
 Host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the “cloned” gene of interest
 Basic research and various applications
What’s In:
1. BUDDINIG
2. FISSION
3. FRAGMENTATION
4. PARTHOGENESIS
5. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
What I Know: Answers may vary
1. GENETIC ENGINEERING
2. GENE
3. VECTOR
4. PLASMID
5. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
Answer Key
4. Basic research and various applications
gene of interest
3. Host cell grown in culture to form a clone of cells containing the “cloned”
2. Plasmid put into bacterial cell
1. Gene inserted into plasmid
What I have Learned:

1. Creating foods
that can cause an
allergic reaction or
that are toxic

2. Unexpected or
1. More harmful genetic
nutritious changes

food 3.Genes moving

from one GM plant
2.Tastier food or animal to
another plant or
3. Less use of animal that is not
genetically
pesticides engineered

4. Faster
growing
plants and
animals

ANSWERS MAY VARY

What can I do:

ANSWERS MAY VARY 1.

Assessment:
References

Dela Cruz, A. C. et al. (2016) Earth and Life Science Teaching Guide. C
Commission on Higher Education.

GRACE Communications Foundation. (2020). GMO Foods and Genetic

Engineering. FoodPrint. https://foodprint.org/issues/gmo-foods-genetic-
engineering/

MedlinePlus. (n.d.). MedlinePlus. Retrieved August 11, 2020, from

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002432.htm
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph