COLEGIO de KIDAPAWAN – Senior High School Department

Quezon Blvd., Kidapawan City, North Cotabato

MODULE IN EIM 12
2nd SEMESTER – S.Y. 2021-2022
Name: ___________________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________
LRN & Email Add: _________________________________ Score: _____________________
Instructor: VERNA B. BUTON
I. Learning Competencies
The learners demonstrate understanding…

1. Install Electrical Protective Devices

 Identify the different types of Circuit Breaker.
 Describe the different types of Circuit Breaker and its purposes.
 Apply their new knowledge in worksite.

2. Install Electrical Protective Devices

 Identify the correct materials in the installation of circuit breaker.
 Describe the proper procedure in installing electrical protective devices.
 Performed the task knowledgably and safely.

3. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

 Identify the types of CCTV system;
 Differentiate the types of CCTV system;
 Determined the type of CCTV system to be used

4. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

 Identify the different types of CCTV cameras;
 Describe the types of CCTV cameras and its benefits;
 Determine the uses of CCTV cameras

5. Fire Alarm System Components and Alarm Signaling System

 Identify the Fire Alarm System Components.
 Describe the different types of Alarm Signaling System.
 Apply their new knowledge in the worksite.

6. Automatic Alarm-Initiating Devices and Manually Actuated Alarm Initiating Devices

 Identify the different types of Automatic Alarm-Initiating Device and
Manually Actuated Alarm-Initiating Device needed for the monitored are.
 Describe the characteristics of Automatic and Manual Initiating Device.
 Apply their new knowledge in worksite.
II. Learning Resources
Textbooks: EIM Module for Grade 12, Curriculum Guide and Sources from the Internet
III. Procedures/Learning Activities
Activities/Exercises follow every discussion
IV. Assessment
(Integration of all competencies/objectives)
V. Agreement/Enrichment
(As needed)
Noted by:
___________________________________________
Name and Signature of Parent/Guardian
Date Submitted: __________________________
Contact No.: ______________________________
Topic 1: Install Electrical Protective Devices
Principle and operation of a Circuit Breaker
Often the most intimidating part of electrical work, installation of a circuit breaker
into most residential type of electrical panels does not have to be dangerous. Here are some
simple, step by step procedures to do it safely.
Different Types of Circuit Breakers – How They are Classified
An electrical circuit breaker is a switching device that can be operated manually
or automatically for controlling and protecting the electrical power system. Without a circuit
breaker, there is a high risk of electrical fires, electrocution, and electrical shocks.
Different types of circuit breakers
1. Based on Voltage
 Low voltage circuit breakers - These breakers are rated for use at low
voltages up to 2 kV and are mainly used in small-scale industries.

 High voltage circuit breakers - These breakers are rated for use at
voltages greater than 2 kV. High voltage circuit breakers
are further subdivided into transmission class
breakers
 Those which are rated 123 kV and above
 Medium voltage class (lesser than 72 kV) circuit breakers

2. By Installation Location
 Indoor circuit Breakers-These are designed to use inside the buildings or in
weather-resistant enclosures. They are typically operated at a medium voltage with a metal clad
switchgear enclosure.

Indoor Circuit Breaker

 Outdoor Circuit breakers - You can use these breakers outdoors without any roof
due to their design. Their external enclosure arrangement is strong compared to the indoor
breakers and can withstand wear and tear.

Outdoor Circuit Breaker

3. Based on External Design

 Dead tank circuit breakers - The breakers whose enclosed tank is at ground potential
are known as dead tank circuit breakers. Their tank encloses all the insulating and interrupting
medium. In other words, the tank is shorted to ground, or it is at dead potential.

Dead Tank Circuit Breaker

 Live tank circuit breakers - These breakers have a tank housing interrupter that is at
a potential above the ground. It is above the ground with some insulation medium in between.

Live Tank Circuit

Breaker
 4. By Interrupting Mechanism
 Air circuit breaker – This breaker uses air as an insulating and interrupting medium. The
breaker is sub-classified into two types:
1. Low voltage circuit breaker whose value lies below 1000 V 6
2. High voltage circuit breaker whose value is 1000 V and
above. It is further classified into oil circuit breakers and the oil-
less circuit breaker

Application and Uses of Air Circuit Breaker

1. It is used for the protection of plants, electrical machines,

transformers, capacitors, and generators
2. An air circuit breaker is also used in the Electricity sharing
system and GND about 15Kv
3. Also used in Low as well as High Currents and voltage
applications.

 Oil circuit Breaker-It uses oil as an interrupting and insulating medium. These breakers
are divided into two types based on the pressure and amount of oil used.

Oil Circuit Breaker

 Advantages of Oil as an Arc Quenching
1. The oil has a high dielectric strength and provides insulation between
the contact after the arc has been extinguished.
2. The oil used in circuit breaker provides a small clearance between the
conductors and the earth components.
3. The hydrogen gas is formed in the tank which has a high diffusion rate
and good cooling properties.

Disadvantages of Oil as an Arc Quenching

1. The oil used in oil circuit breaker is inflammable and hence, cause a
fire hazard.
2. There is a risk of formation of explosive mixture with air.
3. Due to decomposition of oil in the arc, the carbon particles are
generated which polluted the oil and hence the dielectric strength of
the oil decreases.
 Vacuum circuit breakers-These breakers use vacuum as the interrupting medium due to
its high dielectric and diffusive properties.

Vacuum circuit breakers

Advantages
• VCBs are reliable, compact, and long life
• They can interrupt any fault current.
• There will be no fire hazards.
• No noise is produced
• It has a higher dielectric strength.
• It requires less power for control operation.
 MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)-The current ratings for this breaker are less than 100A
and has only one over-current protection built within it. The trip settings are not adjustable in this
circuit

 MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breakers)-Current ratings for these breakers are higher
than 1000A. They have earth fault protection along with current protection. The trip settings of
the Molded Case Circuit Breaker can be adjusted easily.

 Single pole circuit breaker – This breaker has one hot wire and one neutral wire that
operate at 120 V. When there is a fault, it will interrupt just the hot wire.

 Double pole circuit breaker - This is used for 220 V. There are two hot wires and both
the poles need to be interrupted.
 GFI or GFCI circuit breaker (Ground fault circuit interrupter) - These are safety
switches that trip on ground fault current. The GFCI breaker interrupts the electrical circuit when
it detects the slightest variance between phase and neutral wires.

The Philippine Electrical Code requires GFCI protection of receptacles

located outdoors and in bathrooms, garages, and spa areas. This GFCI circuit
breaker provides protection against overloads, short circuits, and ground
faults. It detects very low levels of electrical current leaks (ground faults), and
acts quickly to shut off power
 Arc Fault circuit interrupter (AFCI)-The AFCI breaker interrupts the circuit during
excessive arc conditions and prevents fire. Under the normal arcing condition, this breaker will be
idle and won’t interrupt the circuit
What is an AFCI?
The “AFCI” is an arc fault circuit interrupter. AFCIs are newly developed
electrical devices designed to protect against fires caused by arcing faults in
the home electrical wiring

What is the problem?

Annually, over 40,000 fires are attributed to home electrical wiring. These
fires result in over 350 deaths and over 1,400 injuries each year (1). Arcing
faults are one of the major causes of these fires. When unwanted arcing
occurs, it generates high temperatures that can ignite nearby combustibles
such as wood, paper, and carpets.

Arcing faults often occur in damaged or deteriorated wires and cords. Some
causes of damaged and deteriorated wiring include puncturing of wire
insulation from picture hanging or cable staples, poorly installed outlets or
switches, cords caught in doors or under furniture, furniture pushed against
plugs in an outlet, natural aging, and cord exposure to heat vents and sunlight.

How do they work?

Conventional circuit breakers only respond to overloads and short circuits; so,
they do not protect against arcing conditions that produce erratic current flow.
An AFCI is selective so that normal arcs do not cause it to trip.

The AFCI circuitry continuously monitors current flow through the AFCI. AFCIs
use unique current sensing circuitry to discriminate between normal and
unwanted arcing conditions. Once an unwanted arcing condition is detected,
the control circuitry in the AFCI trips the internal contacts, thus de-energizing
the circuit and reducing the potential for a fire to occur. An AFCI should not trip
during normal arcing conditions, which can occur when a switch is opened, or
a plug is pulled from a receptacle.
Presently, AFCIs are designed into conventional circuit breakers combining
traditional overload and short-circuit protection with arc fault protection. AFCI
circuit breakers (AFCIs) have a test button and look like ground fault circuit
interrupter (GFCI) circuit breakers. Some designs combine GFCI and AFCI
protection. Additional AFCI design configurations are anticipated soon.

It is important to note that AFCIs are designed to mitigate the effects of arcing
faults but cannot eliminate them completely. In some cases, the initial arc may
cause ignition prior to detection and circuit interruption by the AFCI.

The AFCI circuit breaker serves a dual purpose – not only will it shut off
electricity in the event of an “arcing fault”, but it will also trip when a short
circuit or an overload occurs. The AFCI circuit breaker provides protection for
the branch circuit wiring and limited protection for power cords and extension
cords. Single-pole, 15- and 20- ampere AFCI circuit breakers are presently
available.

Where to install/use?
The 1999 edition of the National Electrical Code, the model code for electrical
wiring adopted by many local jurisdictions, requires AFCIs for receptacle
outlets in bedrooms, effective January 1, 2002. Although the requirement is
limited to only certain circuits in new residential construction, AFCIs should be
considered for added protection in other circuits and for existing homes as
well. Older homes with aging and deteriorating wiring systems can especially
benefit from the added protection of AFCIs. AFCIs should also be considered
whenever adding or upgrading a panel box while using existing branch circuit
conductors.

How to install?
AFCI circuit breakers should be installed by a qualified electrician. The
installer should follow the instructions accompanying the device and the panel
box.
 In homes equipped with conventional circuit breakers rather than fuses, an
AFCI circuit breaker may be installed in the panel box in place of the
conventional circuit breaker to add arc protection to a branch circuit. Homes
with fuses are limited to receptacle or portable-type AFCIs, which are
expected to be available soon, or AFCI circuit breakers can be added in
separate panel boxes next to the fuse panel box.

How to test?

AFCIs should be tested after installation to make sure they are working
properly and protecting the circuit. Subsequently, AFCIs should be tested
once a month to make sure they are working properly and providing protection
from fires initiated by arcing faults.

A test button is located on the front of the device. The user should follow the
instructions accompanying the device. If the device does not trip when tested,
the AFCI is defective and should be replaced.

Activity 1
Direction: Match column A and column B. Write only the letter of your choice in
your notebook.

A B
___ 1. Arc Fault circuit interrupter A. These breakers are rated for use at
low voltages up to 2 kV and are mainly
used in small-scale industries.

___ 2. GFCI circuit breaker B. These breakers are rated for use at
voltages greater than 2 Kv

___ 3. Miniature Circuit Breaker C. This breaker uses air as an insulating

and interrupting medium

___ 4. Vacuum circuit breakers D. It uses oil as an interrupting and

insulating medium.
___ 5. Air circuit breaker E. These breakers use vacuum as the
interrupting medium due to its high
dielectric and diffusive properties.

___ 6. Double pole circuit breaker F. The current ratings for this breaker
are less than 100A and has only one
over-current protection built within it.

___ 7. Single pole circuit breaker G. Current ratings for these breakers
are higher than 1000A.

___ 8. Low voltage circuit breakers H. This breaker has one hot wire and
one neutral wire that operate at 120 V.

___ 9. Molded Case Circuit Breakers I. This is used for 220 V. There are two
hot wires and both the poles need to be
interrupted.

___ 10. Oil circuit breaker J. These are safety switches that trip on
ground fault current.

K. These breaker interrupts the circuit

during excessive arc conditions and
prevents fire.
Activity 2
Instructions: Write your answers on the space provided before each number.

___ 1. This type of breaker interrupts the circuit during excessive arc conditions and
prevents fire.
A. Molded Case Circuit Breakers C. Double pole circuit breaker
B. Air circuit breaker D. Arc Fault circuit interrupter
___ 2. How many times a month shall an AFCI circuit breaker is tested?
A. twice B. trice C. Once D. never

___ 3. These are the advantages of using Vacuum Circuit Breaker, except for.
A. There will be no fire hazards.
B. They cannot interrupt any fault current.
C. No noise produced.
D. It has a higher dielectric strength.

___ 4. Why is it important to use oil for an Oil Circuit Breaker?

A. The oil has a high dielectric strength and provides insulation between the
contact.
B. There is a risk of formation of explosive mixture with air.
C. The oil used in oil circuit breaker is inflammable and hence, cause a fire hazard.
D. All of the above

___ 5. These types of circuit breaker are designed to use inside the buildings or in
weather-resistant enclosures?
A. Indoor circuit breakers C. GFCI circuit breaker
B. Outdoor circuit breakers D. Arc Fault circuit interrupter

___6. Which of the following breaker uses air as an insulating and interrupting?
medium?
A. Double pole circuit breaker C. Oil circuit breaker
B. Air circuit breaker D. Single pole circuit breaker

___ 7. Current ratings for these breakers are higher than 1000A.
A. Double pole circuit breaker C. GFCI circuit breaker
B. Molded Case Circuit Breakers D. Double pole circuit breaker

___ 8. What type of circuit breaker that has one hot wire and one neutral wire that
operate at 120 V.
A. Double pole circuit breaker C. Low voltage circuit breakers
 B. Single pole circuit breaker D. Miniature Circuit Breaker

___9. What does GFCI stands for?

A. Grand fault circuit interrupter C. Ground faulty circuit interrupter
B. Ground fault circuit interrupt D. Ground fault circuit interrupter

___10. This type of breaker interrupts the circuit during excessive arc conditions
and prevents fire.
A. GFCI B. AFCI C. MCB D. MCCB

TOPIC 2
Install Electrical Protective Devices
Classifications of Circuit Breakers According to Mounting Method

1. Din Rail type mounted circuit breakers

- With this method, a mounting rail is secured to the enclosure and the
breaker is snapped onto the mounting rail. This allows replacement to be done
quickly as the device can be unclipped and new one clipped on to the DIN rail.
Conductors for the supply and load are typically secured to the breaker using
pressure connectors that are tightened by some type of threaded fastener. The
letters DIN stands for German Industry Standards. DIN rails are available in more
than one physical size. The DIN rail mounting method is increasing replacing thru-
bolt, foot, and plate mounting methods once more commonly used.

(Din Rail type mounted circuit breakers)

2. Bolted type circuit breakers

- When a longer service life breaker is wanted, a bolted type is typically
used. These types have a metal tab (one for each phase) sticking out from one end
that is bolted to the bus bar with a machine screw (bolt type fine threads and not
 sheet metal screw type steep pitch threads). When replacing these types of
breakers, the retaining bolts or machine screw will have power on them unless
power to the entire panel board has been removed.

(Bolted type circuit breakers)

3. Plug in type circuit breaker

- are among the most widely used electrical protection devices, especially in
residential and commercial installations. Rated current, which depends on circuit
load protected by the breaker.

(Plug in type circuit breaker)

Steps in Installing a Circuit Breaker:

1. Turn off power supply to the electrical panel.

Locate the Service Disconnect or Main circuit breaker in the panel and set to
the "Off" position. This circuit breaker is likely to be the largest value and located
either at the top or bottom of the panel.
2. Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused locations.
 Pay particular attention to unused spaces at the top and bottom of the cover.
Some manufacturers of electrical panels have removable knock outs or plates at
these locations, but the panel itself lacks provisions to mount a circuit
breaker.
3. Remove the electrical panel cover.

Remove fasteners while a helper supports the cover, then pull straight
away from the panel.

4. Test the panel for power.

Use a tester or meter set to the highest AC voltage range (120 Volts minimum)
available and check for the presence of power by touching one probe to ground or
neutral (the bar that has bare or green and white wires connected - or the bar that has just
white, or just bare or green wires connected).
5. Locate an unused space above, below or between existing circuit breakers.
 A single pole or single width circuit breaker will provide a a single 120-volt circuit (or
in the case of a "tandem breaker" or "half width breaker" it will provide two 120 volts circuits -
not a 240-volt circuit), while a double pole or double width circuit breaker will provide a 208- or
240- volt circuit.

6. Select the correct circuit breaker.

The panel label will list all approved circuit breakers for installation.
7. Locate the circuit breaker mounting points.

The circuit breaker will have two mounting points. Both are mechanical contacts;
one of which also serves as the electrical input contact.
8. Set the circuit breaker handle to the OFF position.
The circuit breaker has 3 possible positions; ON and OFF and a mid-position when
TRIPPED.
9. Install the circuit breaker by aligning with the unused space in the panel.

Tilt the circuit breaker so that the mechanical contact point engages the
support structure (rail, slot, or clip).
10. Connect the circuit

After making sure the circuit breaker is still in the OFF position,
connect the circuit conductors or wires to the circuit breaker terminal(s),
ground and neutral bar terminal screws. Use appropriate oxide inhibitor
when connecting aluminum conductors.

11. Remove all foreign objects

Remove, tools, wire scraps, etc. from the interior of the panel. Look for and
remove accidental conductors in the panel that could cause a short circuit when
power is restored.
 12. Install cover

Install cover. Bring the cover up to the panel to compare the new circuit
breaker location to the cover openings.
13. Test

Standing to the side of the panel, restore power to the panel by setting the
Service Disconnect or Main to "On" and then set the new circuit breaker to "On"
Clear any short circuit before attempting a reset if circuit breaker instantly trips.
14. Identify the circuit.

Locate the panel's circuit directory. It will often be found on the inside of the
panel door.
Ampere Rating for Copper Wire Capacity
Activity 1
Instruction: Arrange the following steps in installing Circuit Breaker. Write the order
number on the blank.
_____Remove all foreign objects.
_____Remove the electrical panel cover.
_____Install the circuit breaker by aligning with the unused space in the panel.
_____Locate the circuit breaker mounting points.
_____Test the panel for power.
_____Locate an unused space above, below or between existing circuit breakers.
_____Select the correct circuit breaker.
_____Install cover.
_____Test.
_____Turn off power supply to the electrical panel.
_____Inspect the circuit breaker arrangement for unused locations.
_____Set the circuit breaker handle to the OFF position.
_____Connect the circuit.

Activity 2
Instructions: Identify the following missing figure. Choose your answer inside the
box. Write your answers on the blank.
TOPIC 3
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) involves the use of video cameras to transmit
signals to a specific location and a specific set of video monitors. It is a Television system
in which signals are not publicly distributed but are monitored, primarily for surveillance
and security purposes. The camera recordings are often used with great success in criminal
cases to help identify alleged perpetrators and suspects. CCTV cameras has a clear
benefit. When used in moderation, under the correct Guidance, surveillance cameras can
be invaluable in aiding police and their investigation.

The History of Closed-Circuit Television

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) involves the use of video cameras to transmit
signals to a specific location and a specific set of video monitors. While regular television
uses public broadcast signals, CCTV uses private or closed-circuit broadcast signals.
Siemens AG installed the first CCTV system in Peenemunde, Germany in 1942. At
that time, they were used to observe the launch of V2 rockets. Walter Bruch, noted
German Engineer, designed, and installed the system.
Later, CCTV systems became more and more common in banks and retail stores to
discourage robbery and theft. The camera recordings are often used with great success in
criminal cases to help identify alleged perpetrators and suspects.
A CCTV system is comprised of both hardware and software. The software
component is called a codec. A codec (coder-decoder), as referenced here, is a computer
software program that is capable of encoding and decoding digital data streams or
signals.
The most widespread use of CCTV technology today is for the purpose of security
surveillance. No doubt you have seen the small black domes in the ceilings or walls at
your workplace, in banks, airports, and many other establishments. Other versions of these
surveillance cameras also appear on the exterior of buildings and mounted on high-
standing poles.
 Another example of a fast-growing segment of CCTV technology is called Internet
Protocol Cameras, or IP cameras. These advanced systems allow businesses and
homeowners to view camera output through any available Internet connection using a
computer or smartphone.

Two Types of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) SYSTEM

1. Digital Video recorder (DVR)

The Digital Video Recorder (DVR) system process the video data at the
recorder. DVR system is a wired security system.

DVR security system properties

Camera type – Analog
The cameras used by a DVR system must be Analog security cameras,
better known as CCTV cameras. Most of the cost savings found by using a DVR
system is due to the cameras.
In a DVR system, the analogue cameras stream an analogue signal to the
recorder, which then process the images. The advantage of this system is
the reduced complexity required of the camera when compared to an NVR
system.
Cable – Coaxial BNC Cable
The camera connects to the DVR recorder via a coaxial BNX cable.
Although the use of coaxial cable may not seem significant, it does have one
limitation:
 1. As the coaxial cable doesn’t provide power to the camera, there are
two cables included within in one covering – a power and video cable.
The cables separate each end to provide the different functions. As
such, you’ll need to install your DVR recorder near a power an outlet.
2. The size and rigidity of coaxial cables can make installation more
challenging. The coaxial cable is wider in diameter than Ethernet
cables used with NVR systems which can make it more difficult to run
cables in tight spaces. Coaxial cables also tend to be more rigid,
compounding this problem.
3. However, if your property has existing coaxial connections for a
previous security system, you can use the same cable to connect
your new system.
4. Standard coax cables do not support audio. A variant that with an
added RCA connection is needed but even with these a DVR has a
limited number of audio input ports so only a small number of
cameras can record audio.
5. The image quality on coaxial cable will begin to degrade after about
300ft/90m, which can limit the ability to which you will extend your
security presence outward. Lower quality cable will result in a signal
loss at shorter distances.

Recorder
DVR recorders rely on a hardware chipset known as an AD encoder, which
is responsible for processing the raw data streaming from the
camera into legible video recordings. DVR systems also have different
requirements when it comes to the recorder. Specifically, in a DVR
system, the user must connect every camera directly to the recorder. In
comparison, an NVR system only requires that each camera connects to the
same network. Also, in a DVR system, the recorder doesn’t provide power to the
cameras. Each camera connection will need a splitter that supplies power to enable
cameras to function.

System Flexibility
DVR security systems are less flexible than their NVR counterparts in terms
of camera type and mounting options. Whereas NVR based systems can
integrate both wired and wireless security cameras, DVR systems can only
use wired security cameras. DVR systems also have less flexible mounting solutions
because routing coaxial cable can be more difficult in tight situations and a
power outlet is required for each camera.

Image & Audio Quality

As we’ve discussed, in DVR systems the cameras transmit analog video via
the coax cable directly to the recorder and images are processed at the recorder
level. The analog signal results in a lower quality image compared to NVR
systems. Coaxial cables also don’t natively transmit an audio signal, and DVR recorders
usually have a limited number of audio input ports.

2. NVR Security System – Properties

NVR security camera systems incorporate the newest technology to provide
an enhanced, feature-rich security system. Also known as POE security camera
systems, NVR based systems are more flexible and complex than DVR
systems.

Camera Type – IP Camera

As NVR systems process the video data at the camera rather than on the
recorder, the cameras in NVR systems are much more robust than their DVR
counterparts. NVR systems use IP cameras which are standalone image capturing
devices. IP cameras each have a chipset which can process the video data which is then
transmitted to a recorder. Unlike analog cameras, IP cameras are typically all capable of
recording and sending audio as well as video. The more powerful hardware on
IP cameras also enables improved smart functionality and video analytics, such
as facial recognition.
 Cable – Ethernet
Like DVR systems, NVR systems connect the camera to the recorder.
However, how they connect the camera to the recorder is entirely different. NVR
systems use standard Ethernet cables, such as cat5e and cat6, to transmit data.
Professional installers prefer ethernet cables due to the number of advantages
compared to coaxial cables:
1. Ethernet cable powers the camera using Power over Ethernet (PoE),
which means your camera needs one cable running to capture video,
audio, and power the camera, thus eliminating the need for messy
splitters like a DVR system.
2. Ethernet cable tends to be easier to route and terminate because it is
thinner and has a smaller connector allowing for less drilling.
3. Ethernet is cheaper than coaxial cable and much more readily
available, making cable replacement or system expansion more
accessible and affordable. Many modern homes and businesses are
being built wired for Ethernet, making installation even easier.
4. An added advantage of Ethernet cable is that every camera on the
system can transmit audio since Ethernet can send audio data
natively.
5. Cables do not need to run between every camera and the recorder.
They need to be on the same wireless network. Installation is more
straightforward and cleaner as multiple cables aren’t required.
6. Despite a shorter max Ethernet cable length, 328ft or 100m, network
switches can be used to extend total distance without impacting
image quality.
Recorder
Unlike a DVR system, the recorder in an NVR system doesn’t process
video data. That step is completed at the camera before it is transmitted.
NVR recorders are only used for storing and viewing the footage.

System Flexibility
NVR systems are inherently more flexible because security cameras
don’t necessarily have to be physically connected directly to the recorder.
Instead, IP cameras only must be on the same network. As such, you could
 feasibly have cameras all over the world on the same network that connect
to your NVR can then be viewed as a comprehensive system.

Image & Audio Quality

As NVR recorders receive a pure digital signal from the cameras, video
quality is better than compared to a DVR at the same resolution. In addition, as
Ethernet cables carry audio, all cameras with microphones could record audio to the
NVR.

In Summary – DVR vs. NVR System

Both systems record video data and are reliable. Although in the past the video
quality of DVR systems lagged comparable NVR systems, today this gap is significantly
lessened. The difference between DVR and NVR systems come down to the cost, how the
data is transmitted, and type of cameras. NVR systems tend to have better picture quality,
as well as easier installation, increased flexibility, and native support for audio on every
camera that has a microphone. However, NVR systems also tend to be quite a bit more
expensive than comparable DVR systems, which is an important consideration for the
budget conscious consumer. For people looking for a relatively straightforward security
system, a DVR system will most likely be sufficient, especially if your property is already
wired for a coaxial cable from an existing security system. If you need a top of the line,
very flexible solution, an NVR based system will be best. At the end of the day, the deciding
factor will be based on the specific security needs of your property.

Activity 1
Direction: Write your answers on the space provided after each question
I have learned that
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I have realized that

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I will apply
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Activity 2
Direction: Identify the following properties of CCTV system whether it is DVR or
NVR. Write DVR if is the property describes DVR system and NVR if the
property describes an NVR system. Write your answer on the space before the
number.

______1. A security system that is less flexible.

______2. It incorporates the newest technology system to provide enhanced,
feature-rich security system.
______3. This system connects the camera to the recorder using standard ethernet
cables to transmit data.
______4. The recorder receives a pure digital signal from the cameras, video
quality is much better.
______5. It uses analog security cameras.
______6. It uses IP cameras.
______7. Uses coaxial BNC cable.
______8. Every camera must connect directly to the recorder.
 ______9. Process the video data at the camera rather than on the recorder.
______10. This recorder relies on a hardware chipset known as AD recorder.

Topic 4
Types of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Cameras

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) involves the use of video cameras to transmit
signals to a specific location and a specific set of video monitors. It is a Television system
in which signals are not publicly distributed but are monitored, primarily for surveillance
and security purposes. The camera recordings are often used with
great success in criminal cases to help identify alleged
perpetrators and suspects. CCTV cameras has a clear benefit.
W h e n u s e d i n
i n v a l u a b l e i
and their investigation

1. Dome CCTV Cameras

A dome CCTV camera gets its name from the
dome-shaped casing that the sits in. while these are relatively discreet
CCTV cameras in appearance, this doesn’t stop them from
discouraging criminals. This is because the dome casing makes it
really difficult for the people to see which direction the camera is
pointing. This creates an air of uncertainty for potential thieves or
vandals approaching from all directions.
Main benefits:
a. Unobtrusive design means it’s easy to fit
b. Suitable for indoor and outdoor
c. Vandal resistant dome means it is harder to interfere with the
camera
 d. 360-degree rotation of the camera so you can cover all angle
Ideal uses:
a. This is the best type of CCTV camera for shops, restaurants,
casinos and hotels because the design allows you to monitor a
wide angle at your premises.
b. Also consider this option to be the best indoor CCTV camera
as it can be placed on a strategic point of the ceiling to cover
all angles of the room.

2. Bullet CCTV cameras

Bullet CCTV cameras have iconic
design that is highly visible. They are
cylindrical in shape and are capable of
observing long distances. Bullet
cameras are most commonly placed
outdoors so their casings are made
resistant to water, dust and dirt.
Main benefits:
a. Highly visible so acts as a deterrent
b. Resistant to dirt in challenging environments
c. Provides surveillance over long distances
d. Casing also protects against glare and rain

Ideal uses:
Bullet cameras can be used to good effect in a range of
industries such as manufacturing, property management and farming.
They not only record good quality pictures but also send out a
message to passers-by that your premises are under surveillance.
That’s why they have traditionally offered the best CCTV for outside
operation.

3. C-Mount CCTV Cameras

C-Mount CCTV cameras are the ideal option for those who may wish
to adapt the field of vision. They are equipped with detachable lenses that
can be switched around to monitor varying distances. C-Mount cameras are
 typically bulky so, like bullet cameras, act as a visible deterrent to criminal
activity.
Main benefits
a. Special lenses can be fitted to the camera to extend its range
beyond 40 feet
b. Highly visible appearance that deters criminals
c. Rugged camera casing can be added to protect the camera in
cold environment
d. Weatherproof housing makes it ideal for outdoor use
Ideal uses:
This is the ideal camera for observing a stretch of road on the
approach to your premises. It is therefore popular in the utilities and
logistics industries. Those operating in the food and manufacturing
industries may also elect for this option, due to the camera’s reliability
in extreme temperatures.

4. Pan Tilt & Zoom(PTZ) Cameras

With a PTZ (Pan Tilt & Zoom) camera, your
security team can have complete control on what
is recorded. At the touch of a button, the camera
lens can pan left and right, tilt up and down or
zoom in and out. It’s the ideal choice if you have a
security guard who is monitoring a live video feed
on site.
Main benefits:
a. Optical zoom on these cameras means you can focus closely
in on subjects
b. Pan and tilt feature provides
360-degree field of vision
c. Image resolution is usually
impeccable so facial
features can be
distinguished
 d. Security team have full control of recording and can react to
live situations
Ideal uses
This is the best CCTV camera for remote viewing. It is really
popular in large retail environments and is regarded as the best CCTV
for business premises that have a specific valuable object to protect.
For example, a museum could program the camera to pan to a
particular entry or exit point when it detects movement. So even when
it is not being controlled remotely, the camera can cover a much
larger area and do the same job of several static cameras

5. Day/Night CCTV Cameras

These cameras have been built
specifically to operate effectively,
regardless of how well lit their
environment is. During both daytime and
night- time, they will record clear video
images that will not be obscured by
differing light conditions. This is achieved
through their extra sensitive imaging chips.
Main benefits:
a. Clear recording in low light
b. they usually record in both color and black and white
c. can function despite glare, direct sunlight, reflections and poor
lighting
d. casing protects the cameras against the elements for outside
surveillance
Ideal uses
There are various CCTV camera types suited to
outside use but the extra sensitive imaging
makes this one unique. It is therefore the ideal
CCTV system for business premises that
require round the clock CCTV monitoring in an outdoor
environment with varying light conditions.
 6. Infrared/Night Vision CCTV cameras
As the name suggests, these cameras are designed to operate
optimally in pitch black conditions. They achieve this by using infrared
technology. Infrared models are more expensive than day/night cameras
and those opting for this option usually do so because night recording is vital to
the security of their business.

Main benefits
a. Infrared LEDs allow clear recording even in pitch black
environments
b. An infrared cut filter activates in the daytime for clear images in
lighter conditions
c. Can capture images even in the presence of fog, dust or
smoke
d. Records color imagery in the
daytime and black and white at
night

Ideal uses
This is the best CCTV
camera for night vision
functionality. It’s therefore the ideal choice
for those who need ultra-reliable recording in
complete darkness. For example, banks,
farms and manufacturing plants.

7. Network/IP CCTV Cameras

These
cameras
share live
footage
across the
internet so images can be easily accessed from anywhere on the
globe. The bandwidth of the video is compressed, in order to make
 the online feed reliable. Archive footage is stored on network video
recorders (NVRs) or on secure software for later access.
Main benefits:
a. Footage can be viewed online from anywhere in the world
b. Easily accessible archive footage
c. Easy setup as coaxial cables and a computer station are not
required
d. Low maintenance

Ideal uses
A network or IP CCTV camera is the ideal choice
for business owners who are often away from
site and on the move. Footage can be viewed
from anywhere in the world,
via a PC, laptop or mobile phone.

8. Wireless CCTV Cameras

Wireless CCTV cameras were
created to 8inimize installation
time. They also make the
appearance of the camera much tidier, which may be an
important factor for locations such as churches, museums or
stately homes.

Main benefits
a. Easier to install than your average CCTV system

b. Discreet and tidy appearance and a less obtrusive fitting

c. Images transmitted over internet so can be viewed anywhere
d. Secure storage and easy access of the archive footage

Ideal uses
If a spotless presentation is important in your industry, wireless
CCTV cameras are a great security option. Their discreet
appearance helps them to blend into the interior. What’s
more, there is less set up and camera maintenance
 required, and footage is transferred via the internet for
convenient access.

9. High definition(HD) CCTV Cameras

HD CCTV cameras offer an unrivalled picture quality that
delivers high clarity images. Depending on your budget, they
can deliver resolutions of 720p, all the way up to 4K. Therefore,
there’s no danger that the subject of recordings will ever
appear grainy or distorted.

Main benefits
a. High definition pictures capture subjects in perfect clarity
b. Extra clarity can also be achieved with zoom function
c. Available on most CCTV models such as domes and bullet

d. Crystal clear imagery provides undeniable criminal

identification

Ideal uses
High definition cameras are particularly useful for use in
environments where there is a high risk of theft. Businesses
such as banks and casinos should opt for HD cameras, in
order to ensure that visitors to their premises are captured in
perfect clarity. The footage recorded will be able to provide
undeniable identification in the event of a crime being
committed.

CCTV Installation and Wiring Options

Today there are a lot of options when it comes

to choosing a quality CCTV security system. You
may decide to go with a traditional analog system, HD-
SDI, HD-CVI or even an IP network based security
products.
One thing
all of these options have in
common is you will probably have to run some sort wire to the cameras. Yes,
there are some “Wireless Security Camera” solutions available on the market today,
but if you do some research you will find that there are a lot of limitations to wireless
security cameras. Most CCTV professionals would probably not recommend a wireless
system in an environment where up-time and security are critical.
I do want to mention that it is possible to reliably transmit video wirelessly
using a device such as the TP-LocoM5 – Wireless Access Point/Bridge as
seen here at www.securitycameraking.com. But
even then you would still need to have a power wire run to
the camera or a local power source near the camera and it
only works with IP Cameras. That being said, we will be
talking about a fully-wired system in conjunction with a
storage device such as a DVR (Digital Video Recorder)
or NVR (Network Video Recorder).

New Installation
When installing a completely new security system you may want to have the
video and power wires come from a single location located near the storage device
(DVR or NVR) as shown below:

ANALOG SYSTEMS
 Analog, HD-SDI and HD-CVI cameras will need two wires run to them. One
for video transmission and a set of power wires in order to power the camera. You
could run a coax wire and separate power wires but most CCTV professionals
choose to use “Siamese Cable”. Siamese Cable is a manufactured coax cable with
a set of power wires attached to it. The power wires can be split off from the coax in
cases where your power source may not be in a close proximity to your recording
device.

NETWORK IP SYSTEMS
IP (Internet Protocol) cameras use digital video transmission over CAT5 or
CAT6 cable. In most cases you run your video and power to and from the camera
on the same CAT5 or CAT6 wire, assuming you are using a POE (Power Over Ethernet)
power source such as a POE injector or POE Switch.
Some NVRs come with built in POE, but in most cases it is recommended to
use an external POE switch like the POE-8MB1G from SecurityCameraKing.com. When
using an external POE switch all of your CAT5 or CAT6 will run directly from each camera
 to a POE switch that is connected to your local network. Then you simply connect your
NVR to the network and you are all set.

Most IP cameras also come with an additional power wire if you

choose not to use POE and power them with 12v or 24v power as shown
below.

If you are going to

power your IP camera with 12v /24v power, you will still run all of your CAT5
or CAT6 from the camera to a Non-POE switch (usually significantly less
expensive than a POE switch) but you will run an extra set of power wires

RUNNING YOUR CABLES

Now it’s time to run your cable. The following will cover 2 popular scenarios.

Scenario 1: Running your cable through your attic and mounting your cameras to the soffit.
This is a common installation option, provided you have access to your attic and your soffits
are also accessible.
First you have to choose the placement of your recorder and power supply. Some people
simply have them located in an office or a room within their home. Others prefer having them
in a more secure location such as in a lockbox, hidden in a closet, or even in the attic itself.

The image below shows the recorder and power supply inside a room
of the home. Power and video wires run up the wall into the attic to the
location where the camera will be located and out a small hole in the soffit
were the camera will be mounted.

Scenario 2: Another option is to run your cable through an exterior wall and then use conduit on the
exterior of your structure to run your cables from one camera to another. This is a great option for those who
do not have an attic or limited access to one.

Mounting Your Cameras

Once you have run your wires to the desired location you can connect
your camera. In some cases, where the cables are coming out of the soffit it
is possible to connect your wires together and tuck the connections up into
the hollow area of the soffit, then mount the camera directly to the soffit.
 In situations where you’re running your wires through a solid concrete
or brick wall that the connections cannot be tucked into, it is common to
mount a junction box.

Junction Boxes and Conduit

Junction boxes are particularly useful when running your cable through
conduit on the exterior of your structure as they serve as a weather proof
container protect your power and video connections from the elements and
also provide you with a flat surface to mount your cameras to.

First you will pull your wires through the access hole on the back of the
junction box. Then mount the junction box to the wall. You may have to drill a
 hole in the junction box cover big enough to feed your camera connections
through. Next, connect the camera to the power and video connection(s).
Then screw the cover on to the junction box. Now you can mount you camera
to the junction box. See the diagram below.

When used on a soffit, a junction box will sometimes be helpful in order to

lower and drop your cameras below obstructions such as deep fascia boards
as shown below.

Activity 1
Direction: Match column A with column B. Write your answer on the space before
each number.
A
____1. It can capture images even in the presence A. dome CCTV cameras
of fog or smoke

____2. it has clear recording in low light B. bullet CCTV cameras

 ____3. resistant to dirt in challenging environment C. Network/IP CCTV
cameras
____4. provides undeniable criminal identification D. PTZ cmeras
because of its clear imagery

____5. easily accessible archive footage E. HD CCTV cameras

____6. a design that is easy to fit F. wireless CCTV cameras

____ 7. it has low maintenance G. day/night CCTV

____8. can capture subjects in perfect clarity H. infrared/night vision

and can also be achieved with zoom CCTV cameras
function cameras

. ____9. allows recording even in dark environment I. c-mount CCTV cameras

____10. can be tilt up to 360 degrees J. DVR CCTV

Activity 2
Direction: Multiple Choice: Write your answers in the space provided for each
number.
_____1. What does IP in IP camera stands for?
A. Internet Protocol C. Internal Protocol
B. Indigenous People D. International Protocol
_____ 2. This type of camera offers an unrivalled picture quality that delivers high
clarity images?
A. High Definition CCTV Cameras C. Infrared CCTV cameras
B. IP CCTV Cameras D. Day/Night CCTV Cameras
_____3. It is a type of camera that can be switched to monitor varying distance.
A. C-mount CCTV camera C. Day/Night CCTV Cameras
B. High Definition CCTV Cameras D. Pan Tilt & Zoom(PTZ) Cameras
_____4. What type of cameras share live footage across the internet?
A. Network/IP CCTV cameras C. C-Mount CCTV Cameras
 B. Pan Tilt & Zoom(PTZ) Cameras D. Bullet CCTV cameras
_____5. A type of camera that has a dome-shaped casing.
A. Dome CCTV Cameras C. High Definition CCTV Cameras
B. Infrared CCTV cameras D. Network/IP CCTV camera
_____6. It is a type of camera that is built specifically to operate effectively,
regardless of how well lit their environment is?
A. Day/Night CCTV Cameras C. Infrared CCTV cameras
B. IP CCTV Cameras D. Network/IP CCTV camera
_____7. Which of the following is not a type of CCTV camera?
A. High Definition CCTV Cameras C. Bullet CCTV cameras
B. Network/IP CCTV camera D. Infare CCTV cameras

____8. Which of the following are the main benefits of a wireless CCTV cameras?
A. Easier to install than your average CCTV system
B. Discreet and tidy appearance and a less obtrusive fitting
C. Secure storage and easy access of the archive footage
D. All of the above
____9. Day/Night CCTV Cameras has benefits. Which of the following is not a
benefits for installing this type of camera?
A. Clear recording in low light.
B. They usually record in both color and black and white.
C. Cannot function despite glare, direct sunlight, reflections and poor lighting.
D. Casing protects the cameras against the elements for outside surveillance
____10. Why is it necessary to install CCTV cameras in an establishment like
Department store?
A. For surveillance C. For recording incidents
B. For security D. None of these
Topic 5
Fire Alarm System Components and Alarm Signaling System After going

Fire Alarm System Components

Modern detection and signaling systems vary in complexity from those that
are simple to those that incorporate advanced detection and signaling equipment. Such
systems are typically designed and installed by qualified individuals.
The design, installation, and approval of a fire detection and alarm system may also
require acceptance testing by regulatory agencies before new buildings are occupied or
the system is placed in service.

The fire alarm control unit (FACU)

formerly called the fire alarm control panel (FACP), contains the
electronics that supervise and monitor the integrity of the wiring and components of the fire
alarm system. The FACU basically serves as the brain for the alarm system. It receives
signals from alarm- initiating devices, processes the signals, and produces output signals
that activate audible and visual appliances. The FACU also transmits signals to an off-
site monitoring station when provided. Power and fire alarm circuits are connected
directly into this panel.
 Primary Power Supply

The primary electrical power supply usually comes

from the building’s main power connection to the local
utility provider. In rare instances where electrical
service is unavailable or unreliable, an engine-driven
generator can provide the primary power supply. If
such a generator is used, either a trained operator
must be on duty 24 hours a day or the system must
contain multiple engine- driven generators. One of
these generators
must always be
set for automatic
starting. The FACU must supervise the primary
power supply and signal an alarm if the power supply
is interrupted.

Secondary Power Supply

All fire alarm systems must have a secondary
power supply. This requirement is designed so
that the system will be operational even if the main
power supply fails. The secondary power supply must be capable of providing normal,
standby conditions capacity and power to fully operate an alarm condition. The time period
requirements for secondary power operation capabilities. Secondary power sources can
consist of batteries with chargers, engine- driven generators with a storage battery, or
multiple engine-driven generators, of which one must be set for automatic starting.

Initiating Devices
A fire detection system consists of manual and automatic alarm-initiating
devices that are activated by the presence of fire, smoke, flame, or heat. The
devices then send a signal to the FACU using one of two methods: a hard-wire
system or a generated signal conveyed by radio wave over a special frequency
to a radio receiver in the panel. Both automatic and manual alarm- initiating
devices are addressed in more detail in the next sections and include but are not
limited to the following devices:
1. Manual pull stations

2. Smoke detectors

3. Flame detectors

4. Heat detectors

5. Combination detectors

6. Waterflow devices

Notification Appliances
Audible notification signaling appliances are the most common types of alarm-
signaling systems used for signaling a fire alarm in a structure. Once an alarm-
initiating device is activated, it sends a signal to the FACU, which then processes the
signal and initiates actions. The primary action initiated is usually local notification,
which can take the form of:

1. Bells

2. Buzzers

3. Horns

4. Speakers

5. Strobe lights

Other warning appliances

Depending on the system’s design, the local alarm may either activate a
single notification appliance, notification appliances within a specific zone,
designated floor(s), or the entire facility. Notification appliances fall under the
following categories:
1. Audible — Approved sounding devices, such as horns, bells, or
speakers, that indicate a fire or emergency condition.
 2. Visual — Approved lighting devices, such as strobes or flashing
lights, that indicate a fire or emergency condition.

3. Textual — Visual text or symbols indicating a fire or emergency

condition.

4. Tactile — Indication of a fire or emergency condition through

sense of touch or vibration.

Alarm Signaling System

Fire detection and alarm systems are designed to receive certain types of signals
from devices and perform an action based upon the type of signal received. Some signals
may indicate a fire condition, while others may indicate that a device on the system needs
to be serviced. The FACU should be programmed to respond to different signal types in
an appropriate manner.
Fire detection and alarm systems are equipped with three types of specialty
signals, depending on the type and nature of the alarm they are reporting:
 A. An alarm signal is a warning of a fire emergency or dangerous condition
that demands immediate attention. Locally adopted codes may require fire
alarm signals from systems monitored by a supervising station to notify the
responding fire department. Activation of smoke detectors, manual pull
stations, waterflow switches, and other fire extinguishing systems are all
initiating devices that send fire alarm signals.
B. supervisory signal indicates an off-normal condition of the complete fire
protection system. Supervisory signals also include a returned-to-normal
signal, meaning that the condition has been resolved. These signals are
used to monitor the integrity of the fire protection features of the system.
C. A trouble signal indicates a problem with a monitored circuit or component
of the fire alarm system or the system’s power supply. Each signal must be
audibly and visually displayed at the FACU in a distinct manner that
differentiates one type of signal from another. Trouble conditions include loss
of primary power or failure or removal of an initiating device, such as a
smoke detector.

A simple fire alarm system may only sound a local evacuation alarm. A more
complex system may sound a local alarm, activate building services, and notify fire and
security agencies to respond. The type of system required depends upon the type of
occupancy of the building and is affected by the following factors:
1. Level of life safety hazard
2. Structural features of the building
3. Hazard level presented by the contents of the building
4. Availability of fire suppression resources, such as water supply, hydrants,
and automatic sprinkler systems
5. State and local code requirements

Inspectors should be able to recognize each type of system and understand

how each system operates. This recognition is important when performing
inspections or conducting pre-incident planning. Several types of systems include
the following:
1. Protected premises (local)
2. Supervising station alarm systems
3. Public emergency alarm reporting system
4. Emergency communications systems
 A protected premises system is designed to provide notification to building
occupants only on the immediate premises. Where these systems are allowed, there
are no provisions for automatic off-site reporting.

The protected premises system can be activated by manual means, such as a pull
station, or by automatic devices, such as smoke detectors. A protected premises system
may also be capable of annunciating a supervisory or trouble condition to ensure that
service interruptions do not go unnoticed.

Conventional Alarm Systems

A conventional system is the simplest type of protected premises alarm
system. When an alarm-initiating device, such as a smoke detector, sends a signal
to the FACU, all of the alarm signaling devices operate simultaneously. The signaling
devices usually operate continuously until the FACU is reset. The FACU is incapable
of identifying which initiating device triggered the alarm; therefore, building and fire
department personnel must walk around the entire facility and visually check to see
which device was activated. These systems are only practical in small occupancies
with a limited number of rooms and initiating devices.
Zoned Conventional Alarm Systems
A zone is a defined area within the
Fire-alarm system annunciation enables emergency responders to identify the
general location, or zone, of alarm device activation. In this type of system, an
annunciator panel, FACU, or a printout visibly indicates the building, floor, fire zone,
or other area that coincides with the location of an operating alarm-initiating device.

Alarm-initiating devices in common areas are arranged in circuits or zones.

Each zone has its own indicator light or display on the FACU. When an initiating
device in a particular zone is triggered, the notification devices are activated, and the
corresponding indicator is illuminated on the FACU. This signal gives responders a
better idea of where the problem is located.

An annunciator panel may be located remotely from the FACU, often in a

location designated by the fire department. Such an installation may be found at the
driveway approach to a large residential retirement complex, for example. This type
of annunciator panel usually has a map of the complex coordinated to the zone
indicator lamps. Arriving fire fighters use the
information provided on the annunciator panel to
locate the building involved. Another type of
annunciator panel may be found in the lobby area
of a building. It will have a graphic display of the
involved area.

Addressable Alarm System

 display the location of each initiating device on the FACU and an annunciator
panel if provided. This connection enables emergency responders to pinpoint the
specific device that has been activated. Addressable systems reduce the amount of time
that it takes to respond to emergency situations. These systems also allow repair personnel
to quickly locate and correct malfunctions in the system.

Supervising Station Alarm Systems

Fire alarm systems are required by model fire codes to be monitored at a
constantly attended location. For buildings that are not constantly attended by
qualified personnel, initiating device signals are required to be transmitted to a
supervising station. A supervising station is a facility that receives signals from a
protected premises fire alarm system and where the signal is processed by
personnel.

NFPA® 72 designates supervising stations as:

1. Central — A central supervising station is an independent business that is
also listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. A central station is
recognized as the most reliable type of supervising station.

2. Proprietary — A proprietary supervising station is a supervising station

under the same ownership as the buildings protected by the fire alarm
systems. At a proprietary supervising station, personnel are constantly in
attendance to supervise and investigate fire alarm system signals.

3. Remote — A remote supervising station is not listed and operates as a

business. Personnel are in attendance at all times to supervise and
investigate signals.

Central Station System

Is a listed supervising station
that monitors the status of protected
premises alarm systems and
provides inspection, testing, and
maintenance through contracted
services?
 Typically, a central station is a company that sells its services to many
customers. When an alarm is activated at a particular client’s location, central
station employees receive that information and contact the fire department and representatives
of the occupancy. The alarm systems at the protected property and the central station are
most commonly connected by dedicated telephone lines. All central station systems
should meet the requirements set forth in NFPA® 72. When meeting the listing requirements,
central stations must be listed by UL.
The primary difference between a central station system and a proprietary system is
that the receiving point for alarms in a central station system is located outside the
protected premises and is monitored by a contracted service. The external receiving
point is called the central station.

Central station receiving sites are housed in an off-site location that receives alarms and
routes them to the responding fire department

Proprietary System
A proprietary system is
used to protect large commercial
and industrial buildings, high-rise
structures, and groups of
commonly owned facilities, such
as a college campus or industrial
complex in single or multiple
locations. Each building or area
has its own system that is wired
into a common receiving point that
the facility owner owns and
operates. The receiving point must
be in a separate structure or a part of a structure that is remote from any hazardous
operations.
The receiving station of a proprietary system is continuously staffed by trained
personnel who can take necessary actions upon alarm activation. The operator
should be able to automatically summon a fire department response through the
system controls or by using the telephone. Many proprietary systems and receiving
points are used to monitor security functions in addition to fire and life safety
functions. Modern proprietary systems can be complex and have a wide range of
capabilities, including:
1. Coded-alarm and trouble signal indications

2. Building utility controls

3. Elevator controls

4. Fire and smoke damper control

Remote Receiving System

A listed supervising station that monitors the status of protected premise alarm
systems through contracted services is called a remote receiving station. Remote
receiving stations do not provide inspection, testing, or maintenance services.
Depending on local requirements, the fire department may approve other
organizations to monitor the remote system. In some small communities, the local
emergency services telecommunicationscenter monitors the system. This arrangement is
particularly common in communities that have volunteer fire departments whose stations
are not continuously staffed. In these cases, emergency services telecommunications
personnel must be aware of the importance of
these alarm signals and trained in the actions
that must be taken upon alarm receipt.

Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems

In some communities, fire alarm signals
from a protected premises are transmitted
directly to the fire department. Instead of being
connected to the fire department
telecommunications center through a municipal
fire alarm box system, the public emergency
alarm reporting system is connected by another means, usually a leased telephone
line. Where permitted, a radio signal over a dedicated fire department radio
frequency may also be used.
A local energy system has its own power source and does not depend on the
supply source that powers the entire municipal fire alarm system. In these systems,
initiating devices can be activated even when the power supply to the municipal
system is interrupted. However, interruption may result in the alarm only being
sounded locally and not being transmitted to the fire department telecommunications
center. The ability to transmit alarms during power interruptions depends on the
design of the municipal system.
A shunt system is electrically
connected to an integral part of the mu-
nicipal fire alarm system and depends on the
municipal system’s source of electric power.
When a power failure occurs in this type of
system, an alarm indication is sent to the fire
department communications center. NFPA®
72 allows only manual pull stations and
waterflow detection devices to be used on
shunt systems. Fire detection devices are
not permitted on a shunt system.
Emergency Communications
Systems
An emergency communications system is a supplementary system that may
be provided in facilities in conjunction with detection and alarm signaling systems.
The purpose of emergency communications systems is to provide a reliable
communication system for occupants and firefighters. This system may either be a
stand-alone system or it may be integrated directly into the overall fire detection and
alarm-signaling system. System types include voice notification, two-way
communication, and mass notification.
Voice Notification Systems
A one-way voice notification system warns building occupants that action is
needed and tells them what action to take. This type is most commonly used in
high-rise buildings, places of assembly, and educational occupancies. Occupants
can be directed to move to areas of refuge in the building, leave the building, or stay
where they are if they are in an unaffected area.
Two-Way Communication Systems
This system is most helpful to fire suppression personnel who are operating
in a building, particularly in high-rise structures that interfere with portable radio
transmissions. These two-way emergency communication systems use either
intercom controls or special telephones. Emergency phones are connected in the
stairwells and other locations. These phones
enable firefighters to communicate with the
Incident Commander at the Fire Command
Center. Most building codes require these
systems in high-rise structures.

Mass Notifi cation Systems (MNS)

The purpose of a mass notification
system (MNS) is to provide emergency
communications to a large number of people
on a wide-scale basis. This communication can
be directed to the occupants of a building or
even an entire community.
Mass notification systems may be incorporated into an emergency
communications system. Those individuals designing this type of system must take
into consideration the building being protected as well as the needs of the
occupants. When installed, mass notification systems may have a higher priority
and override the fire alarm
Activity 1
Instructions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your choice in your activity
notebook.

1. The acronym FACU means?

A. Fire Alarm Control Unit C. Fire Alarm Center Unit
B. Fire Alarm Counter Unit D. Fire Alarm Compound Unit
2. The following are the other functions of FACU but except.
A. Providing two-way firefighter communication
B. Providing remote annunciator integration
C. Controlling elevators, HVAC, fire doors, dampers, locks, or other fire protection
features
D. Shuts down all power of the building
3. It is a requirement that the system is still operational even if the main power
supply fails. This statement is talking about?
A. Primary Power Supply C. Voltage Drop
B. The entire alarm system D. Secondary Power Supply
4. Which notification appliances uses approved sounding devises horns, bells, or
speakers to indicate fire emergency condition?
A. Tactile B. Visual C. Textual D. Audible

5. What kind of device that is manually or automatically activated by the presence of

fire, smoke, flame, or heat?
A. Notification Device C. Heating Device
B. Initiating Device D. Warning Device
6. Which alarm signaling system indicates an off-normal condition of the complete
fire protection system?
A. Notification Device B. Switch Signal
C. Heating Device D. Alarm Signal
 7. What type of Supervising Station Alarm System that is used to protect large
commercial and industrial buildings, high-rise structures and groups of
commonly owned facilities?

A. Proprietary System C. Central Station System

B. Remote Receiving System D. Manual Station System
8. Mr. Dominic Vidal wants to protect his establishment through a contracted
private company using the Supervisory Station Alarm System. Which of the
following is appropriate for Mr. Vidal’s establishment?
A. Proprietary System C. Primary Station System
B. Remote Receiving System D. Manual Station System
9. Is a listed supervising station that monitors the status of the protected premises
alarm systems and provides inspection, testing and maintenance through
contracted services?
A. Proprietary System C. Central Station System
B. Remote Receiving System D. Manual Station System
10. What type of Emergency Communication System that uses either intercom or
special telephones?
A. Voice Notification System C. Mass Notification System
B. Two-way Communication System D. Radio Notification System
Activity 2
Instructions: Inside the box are answers of the questions below, read each item carefully
and write the answer on the space provide before the number.

_________1. What component serves as the brain of the alarm system?

_________2. What kind of device that is manually or automatically activated by the
presence of fire, smoke, flame, or heat?
_________3. Bells, Horns, Speakers, Strobe lights and other warning appliances are
examples of __________________?
_________4. Is a type of alarm signaling system that indicates a problem with a monitored
circuit or component of the fire alarm system or the system’s power supply?
_________5. What kind of supervising station that is considered as recognized and most
reliable?
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