Ilustrasi Penyusunan Anggaran Utang

1. Penyusunan Anggaran Utang Jangka Pendek

PT. "XYZ" has a budgeted purchase for three months as follows:
January Rp 20,000
February Rp 30,000
March Rp 40,000
Rp 90,000
Terms of payment 5/20/net 30, it means that the buyer gets a 5% discount from the
item purchased if he pays within 20 days of the item being received with a credit period
no later than 30 days.
Based on pay habits:
a. 50% of the purchase every month is paid within 20 days after the purchase month.
b. 30% is paid after 20 days in the same month.
c. 20% is paid in the second month after the month of purchase.

From this data, we can calculate the payment of account payable (cash out) as follows:
February 50% x Rp20,000 Rp10,000
(-) Disc 5% x Rp10,000 Rp500
Rp9,500
30% x Rp20,000 Rp6,000
Rp15,500

March 20% x Rp20,000 Rp4,000

50% x Rp30,000 Rp15,000
(-) Disc 5% x Rp15,000 Rp750
Rp14,250
30% x Rp30,000 Rp9,000
Rp23,250
Rp27,250

April 20% x Rp30,000 Rp6,000

 50% x Rp40,000 Rp20,000
(-) Disc 5% x Rp20,000 Rp1,000
Rp19,000
30% x Rp40,000 Rp12,000
Rp31,000
Rp37,000

May 20% x Rp40,000 Rp8,000

Conclusion:
Therefore, all account payables paid to suppliers (cash out) amounted to Rp87,750, in
February Rp15,500, March Rp27,750, April Rp37,000, and May Rp8,000. Total purchases
for 3 months amounted to Rp90,000, all account payables paid to suppliers amounted
to Rp87,750 plus a purchase discount of Rp2,250. Purchase discounts of Rp2,250,
consisting of February Rp500, March Rp750 and April Rp1,000.

Account Payable Budget PT “XYZ” for three months as follows:

January Purchase Rp20,000

February 20% x Rp10,000 Rp4,000

Purchase Rp30,000
Rp34,000

March 20% x Rp30,000 Rp6,000

Purchase Rp40,000
Rp46,000

2. Penyusunan Anggaran Utang Jangka Panjang

To purchase machinery and plant equipment, the plan is to spend (to be financed) with
a bank investment loan of Rp. 11,000,000, provided that:
a. 12% interest a year is paid at the end of each year.
b. Loan installments and interest are calculated as an annuity.
c. Loan principal installments are paid at the end of each year.
d. The loan period is calculated from the beginning of the year for 5 years with a
grace period of 1 year, during which the interest period is paid.

Calculate loan installments with long term banks and interest:

i( 1+i)t
A= P
(1+ i)t −1

A = installments (angsuran)
P = loan = Rp11,000,000
i = interest rate = 12%
t = year

t = 5 year – 1 year = 4 year

12 %(1+ 0.12)4
A = 11,000,000 x (1+0.12)4 −1

12% x 1.57351936
= 11,000,000 x 1.57351936−1

= Rp3,621,579
Loan installments for a year Rp3,621,579. Long term debt budget:

Payment Remaining
Year Installments
Principle Debt Interest Debt
1 Rp1,320,000 - Rp1,320,000 Rp11,000,000
2 Rp3,621,579 Rp2,301,579 Rp1,320,000 Rp8,698,421
3 Rp3,621,579 Rp2,577,768 Rp1,043,811 Rp6,120,653
4 Rp3,621,579 Rp2,887,101 Rp734,478 Rp3,233,552
5 Rp3,621,579 Rp3,233,552 Rp388,027 Rp0
The remaining debt represents long-term debt at the bank, while installments represent
the amount of cash out at the end of the year. Cash in from a loan of Rp. 11,000,000
was received at the beginning of the year, but was repaid to buy whole machines and
equipment at the beginning of the year.