Final Paper

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING
City of Malolos, Bulacan
A.Y. 2021-2022
In Partial Fulfillment in the Final Requirement in

NCM 113-B
Summary of Findings
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Community Diagnosis Prioritization
Documentation
& Program Evaluation
Submitted by:
BSN-3C
Submitted to:
INTRODUCTION
The Nursing Care Management 113-B subject or also known as Community Health
Nursing-II considers the community collectively as the recipient of nursing care. The 3rd year
level students of Bulacan State University responsibly conducted a study in the community of
Barangay Mojon Malolos, Bulacan with the goal of motivating and seeking wide participation
for the improvement of the community through collection, collation, analysis and
interpretation of data which includes statistical data, identification of problems and priority
setting for Community Diagnosis of Barangay Mojon Malolos, Bulacan for the year 2021.
Student nurses are given the task of assessing five different variables that are contributors of
community health. These are; (1) Demographic Variables; (2) Socio-economic, cultural, and
environmental variables; (3) Health and Illness Pattern; (4) Health Resources; and (5) Political/
Leadership Pattern. These different variables are assessed with the use of a Community Survey
Tool which will be filled-in with the help of informants in the community.
The class was divided into three groups: the program and invitation committee, technical
committee, and the documentation committee. The program and invitation committee was tasked
with facilitating program flow, assigning representatives, and sending out communication letters
to all stakeholders. While the technical committee collates and tabulates the data gathered, as
well as prepares the presentation. The documentation committee, on the other hand, is in charge
of documenting key aspects of the program and conducting evaluations. The student nurses
identify community problems and prioritize them based on their nature, magnitude,
modifiability, preventative potential, and social concern after studying and interpreting the
gathered data.
However, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, The BSN 3C students were unable to
hold a live data presentation. But it was still presented through the use of Google Meet, an online
platform wherein the clinical instructors portrayed the roles of the higher members of the
Barangay. In this way, they have applied the concepts and processes they have learned in this
course. For the data presentation, each student was tasked to collect data from two households.
The section C students gathered a total of 118 families, with a population of 551 individuals.
Because the presentation was entirely virtual, section C students were put to the test by the
difficulties of filling out and responding to the required data. But, finally, with each other's help
and support, they were able to successfully accomplish it.
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FRONT PAGE……………………………………………………………………………………i
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….ii
I. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE………………………………………………………………
II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC, CULTURAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES…..…..
Social Indicators…………………………………………………………………………
Economic Indicators…………………………………………………………………......
Cultural Indicators…………………………………………………………………….....
Environmental Indicators………………………………………………………………..
III. HEALTH AND ILLNESS PATTERN……………………………..……………………
Lifestyle Practices……………………………………………………..…………………
Nutritional Status……………………………………………………………………….
Beliefs and Practices……………………………………………………………………
Community Health Programs…………………………………………………………..
Health Indicators……………………………………………………………………….
IV. HEALTH RESOURCE……………………………………………………………………
V. POLITICAL/ LEADERSHIP PATTERN …………………………….…………………
VI. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS PRIORITIZATION….………………………..………..
Priority #1:Hypertension………………………….………………..…………………..
Priority #2:Presence of Breeding site……………….………….…….………….……..
Priority #3:Alcohol Drinking ……………..……….….……………………………….
Priority #4: Unvaccinated Pets………………………………………….……………….
Priority #5:Faulty Eating Habits…………………………………………………………
VII. DOCUMENTATION………………………………………………..…………………..
Program and Invitation………………………………………….….………………….
Documentation of Meetings…………………………………….….….………………..
Documentation on Data Gathering and Consent forms……….……………..………...
Communication Letters………………….……………………………….…………….
EVALUATION………………………………………….…………………………………….
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………
Appendix A: Evaluation Tool for Data Presentation Program…………………...……
Appendix B: Community Diagnosis Survey Tool……………………………………….

REFERENCES…………………………………………………….……………
2
DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLE
3
Number of Families in the Community
Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Criteria Frequency Percentage
1 2 3 4 5
1 family 17 22 17 23 17 96 67.13%
2 families 12 2 12 2 10 38 26.57%
3 families 3 3 3 0 0 9 6.29%
TOTAL 32 27 32 25 27 143 100%
Table 1.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Number of Families Identified in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.1 Pie Chart According to Distribution of Number of Household Identified in

Analysis
The table shows that in Brgy. Mojon the highest percentage in terms of total
numbers of families in the community is 1 family and the least are 3 families.
4
Interpretation
As shown on the pie chart, the total number of families in the community of the residents
of Brgy. Mojon are 81.36% or 96 in total are 1 family, 16.10% or 19 are 2 families, and 2.54% or
3 are 3 families.
Health Implication
The Philippines' forecasted number of households in 2021 is approximately 21.8 million

(Statistica Research department, 2021). And the average household size in the Philippines is 4.4
people per household, which is obtained by dividing the household population to total population
(Bauer, M., 2020). The Philippines' total population is forecasted to reach 112 321 991 people in
the beginning of 2022.
According to the National Demographic and Health Survey, the average household size
in the Philippines is 4.8 people. For Filipino women, the ideal family size is 2.7 children; 44% of
Filipino women have an ideal number of children is 2, 28% prefer 2, 14% prefer 4, and 7%
prefer 5 children. The mean ideal family size for rural areas is 2.8 children while 2.6 children for
urban areas. This varies by location, with 4.2 children in ARMM and 2.5 children in Central
Luzon and CALABARZON. (National Statistics Office, 2017)
In the Philippines, almost every woman is familiar with at least one method of family
planning. With 98 percent, the pill is the most generally used method, followed by male condoms
(96 percent), sterilization (90 percent), and injectables (87 percent). According to reports, seven
out of ten married women plan the number of children they will have. Furthermore, more than
half of married women (54%) utilize contraception, with 40% using modern methods and the
other 14% using older methods.

1 2 3 4 5
2 family
1 0 0 2 1 4 3.39%
members
3 family
3 5 5 6 7 26 22.03%
members
4 family
10 5 5 7 2 29 24.58%
members
5
5 family
5 9 7 7 6 34 28.81%
members
6 family
2 2 1 1 2 8 6.78%
members
7 family
3 1 5 0 2 11 9.32%
members
8 family
0 1 0 0 2 3 2.54%
members
10 family
0 1 1 1 0 3 2.54%
members
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 1.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Total Number of Members per
Family in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.2 Pie Chart According to Total Number of Members per Family in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
6
Analysis
The table shows that in Brgy. Mojon the highest percentage in terms of total numbers of
members per family is five members, while the lowest percentage are 8 members and 10
members per family.
Interpretation
As shown on the pie chart the total number of members per family of the residents of
Brgy. Mojon are, 28.81% or 34 in total have 5 family members, 24.58% or 29 have 4 family
members, 22.03% or 26 have 3 family members, 9.32% or 11 have 7 family members, 6.78 or 8
have 6 family members, 3.39% or 4 have 2 family members, and 2.54% or 3 have both 8 and 10
family members.
Health Implication
According to the 2020 Census of Population and Housing, the population of Region III -
Central Luzon is 12 422 172 as of May 2020 (CPH, 2020). In 2020, it will account for 11.39
percent of the Philippine population. With a population of 3 708 890 people, Bulacan was the
most populous of the seven provinces of Region III in 2020. Bulacan is also the province with
the greatest population growth (PGR) in Region III, with a PGR of 2.54 percent from 2015 to
2020. (Philippines Statistics Authority, 2020)
Residential crowding has been related to physical illnesses including tuberculosis and
respiratory infections, as well as psychological disturbance in both adults and children (Johnson,
R.W., 2011). It is also attributed to the transmission of communicable diseases such as lower
respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis. Research found that children and teens who live in
crowded residences experience increased psychological discomfort and powerlessness, as well as
low academic achievement (Waterston, S., et al. 2019).
Goals 3 and 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals, which focus on good health and
well-being as well as sustainable cities and communities, address better housing conditions,
which save lives, decrease sickness, improve quality of life, reduce poverty, and assist in
reducing climate change. The World Health Organization on Housing and health guidelines
(HGGL) recommended that strategies should be developed and implemented to prevent and
reduce household crowding. This will be influential in ensuring availability of sanitation,
addressing the goal of clean water and sanitation for all, and taking action to mitigate climate
changes addresses the goal of taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
(WHO, Housing and Health Guidelines, 2018)
7
Number of Population (Combined) According to Gender
Male 263 47.73%

Female 288 52.27%
TOTAL 551 100%
Table 1.3 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.3 Pie Chart According to Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon,
Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
The table shows that in Brgy. Mojon the highest percentage in terms of the population
according to gender is female and the least are male.
Interpretation
8
As shown on the pie chart the total population in terms of gender of the residents of Brgy.
Mojon are 52.27% or 288 in total are female, and 47.73% or 263 are males. The population of
females surpass the population of male, implying that there may be a larger population of future
generations in the community.
Health Implication
In 2021, the Philippines population is estimated to increase by 1, 748, 172 people and
reach 112, 321, 991 by the beginning of 2022. The natural increase is expected to be positive, as
the number of births will exceed the number of deaths by 1,908,504. External migration will
result in a population reduction of 160,332 people. The whole population's sex ratio was 1.006,
with 1,006 males per 1,000 females, which was lower than the global sex ratio. As of December
3, 2021, the Philippines' population is increasing at a rate of 4,394 people each day. ( United
Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: Population Division, 2021)
The current female population in the Philippines is 55, 927, 412 or 49.9% and 56,
260,180 or 50.1% male population. And the female life expectancy at birth is 74.7 years, while
male life expectancy at birth is 68.7 years. Women live longer than men in most parts of the
world today (Claudia Goldin Adriana Lleras-Muney, 2018). Women have a biological
advantage at birth. Females have a natural advantage over males, but societal, cultural, and
economic variables can still influence this advantage (Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, 2010). Because men are stronger, taller, and less overweight, they are regarded to have a
physical advantage over women. However, none of these characteristics ensures that they will
live longer (Drevenstedt et al., 2008). Thus, women live longer than men.
The possibility of a greater birth rate is another indicator of a larger female population.
Hence, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals' key objective is to provide universal
access to reproductive health and family planning services. This will aid population stabilization
and enable families to live longer and healthier lives. Infant mortality is reduced and women's
health is improved by planning the number and timing of children.
Age
0-18 mos 11 2.00%

19 mos - 3 years 5 0.91%
4-5 years 7 1.27%
9
6-13 years 38 6.90%
14-21 years 153 27.77%
22-39 years 129 23.40%
40-65 years 193 35.03%
Above 65 15 2.72%
TOTAL 551 100%
Table 1.4 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Age Bracket in Purok 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.4 Pie Chart According to Age Bracket in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon,
Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
As shown on the table, the highest range of age in Barangay Mojon is the ages 40-65
years old. While the lowest range of age is the ages 19 months-3 years old.
Interpretation
The graph talks about the age of each member of the population. As shown on the graph,
the most superior age range in Barangay Mojon is 40-65 years old with 35.03% or 193 of the
total population and the second in the range of age is the 14-21 years old with a total of 27.77%
or 153 out of 551 responses. Furthermore, the graph also shown that 23.40% or 129 of the
population are 22-39 years old, 6.90% or 38 are 6-13 years old, 2.72% 15 are above 65 years old,
10
2.00% or 11 are 0-18 years old, 1.27% or 7 are 4-5 years old and 0.91% or 5 are 19 months-3
years old.
Health Implication
In providing health teaching in Barangay Mojon, one must consider the age of each
member of the population because this will have a major influence on health needs. The highest
age group in the community should be the main focus in health teaching, while the second-
highest age groups will also have a subtopic included in the health teaching. According to WHO
(2001), the old and young age groups in a population have greater health care needs. However,
this does not necessarily imply to all because it depends on the largest dependent population. In
addition, each age group has different health-related issues or problems that need to be addressed
and prevented. Community health workers should also consider that all age groups should have
specific health-related topics to discuss. Different age groups in Barangay Mojon cause conflict
in opportunities in accessing particular health care services in the community.
Recommendation
According to some studies, some disorders associated with older age also affect the
younger adult (Azad & Michos, 2018). Researchers stated that high blood pressure, Type 2
Diabetes, Strokes, Brain shrinkage, Colon, and rectal cancer are the five health problems that can
also affect younger adults. Therefore, there should be equal opportunities in accessing health
care services in the community despite the age of each member of the population. In addition,
health programs and services should be focused on a family and community.
Marital Status

1 2 3 4 5
Child 16 14 19 18 25 92 16.70%
Single 43 53 47 41 33 217 39.38%
Married 49 43 51 34 40 217 39.38%
Married but
1 4 2 4 4 15 2.72%
Separated
Widower 0 0 1 0 1 2 0.36%
Widow 0 3 1 4 0 8 1.45%
TOTAL 109 117 121 101 103 551 100%
Table 1.5 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Marital Status in Purok
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
11
Figure 1.5 Pie Chart of Population According to Marital Status in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
According to the Barangay Mojon's marital status, the majority of the population is single
and married, with the same frequency.
Interpretation
The graph shows that both 39.38% of the population are single and married. Then there
are 16.70% of children and 2.72% of married but separated people. 1.45% of widows and 0.36%
of widowers
Health Implication
Contrary to popular belief, married people are generally healthier than unmarried people,
as measured by a variety of health outcomes. According to Rocheleau (n.d.), divorce and the
death of a spouse frequently have long-term negative effects on health, even in people who
remarry. It is clear that a recent divorce or widowhood is associated with an increase in poor
health and depression in the short term, but the new study is one of the first to investigate its
effects on health years, if not decades, later. Those who had been divorced or widowed were
12
more likely to have long-term health problems than those who had never been divorced or
widowed.
As stated in “Divorce Has Lasting Toll on Health” by WebMD in 2017, it is found that
those who had been divorced or widowed were 20% more likely to have heart disease, diabetes,
cancer, or another chronic condition. They were also 23% more likely to experience mobility
issues, such as difficulty climbing stairs or walking short distances. Even those who remarried
had 12% more chronic health problems and 19% more mobility issues than married people who
had never experienced divorce or the death of a spouse, but they were only slightly more likely
to report depression.
A recent study published in the Journal of Men's Health confirms that divorced men and
women have higher rates of mortality, depression, general illness, and substance abuse than
married people. Although the JMH report focuses on men, other studies show that both parties
are more likely to suffer from negative health issues than those who have a happy marriage. Here
are a few of the more common physical and emotional health issues that divorced people face. A
weakened immune system is the cause of a divorce-related health problem. Divorced men and
women have more colds and flu cases.
Religion

1 2 3 4 5
Roman Catholic 72 77 91 74 84 398 72.23%
Muslim 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.18%
Iglesia ni Cristo 24 1 0 0 0 25 4.54%
Born Again
14 39 15 21 14 103 18.69%
Christian
Jehovah's
0 0 0 3 0 3 0.54%
Witness
Protestant
(Methodist;
Evangelical; 2 0 0 6 5 13 2.36%
Baptist;
Adventist)
Aglipayan 0 1 7 0 0 8 1.45%
TOTAL 113 118 113 104 103 551 100%
Table 1.6 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Religion in Purok 1, 2, 3,
13
Figure 1.6 Pie Chart of Population According to Religion in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
According to the graph, the most common religion in the community is Roman Catholic
and the least common religion is Muslim.
Interpretation
The graph depicts the population's religious affiliation as a percentage of the total
population. The religion of 72.23 % is Roman Catholic, and 18.69 % are Born Again Christians.
4.54 % are members of the Iglesia ni Cristo, 2.36 % are Protestants, 1.45 % are Aglipayans, 0.54
% are Jehovah's Witnesses, and 0.18 % are Muslims.
Health Implication
Religion may have a significant impact on a person's health decisions. For Muslims, for
example, health is a condition of physical, psychological, spiritual, and social well-being and is
seen as the greatest boon God has bestowed upon humanity. Muslim patients deal with disease
with patience, prayers, and meditation. When faced with serious obstacles, even Muslim patients
who are not actively following their faith may seek spiritual or religious aid. Disease, suffering,
pain, and death, according to Muslim patients, are tests from God, and illness is viewed as a trial
by which one's sins are cleansed. Medications containing gelatin or derived from pork are also
prohibited. Alternatives to gelatin, such as antibacterial drinks or halal gelatin pills, should be
used. When obtained from an animal source, magnesium stearate is prohibited in tablets (B.
Attum, et al., 2021). Because Jehovah's Witnesses believe that receiving blood is against God's
14
will, they refuse blood transfusions, even if it is their own blood (relative’s). The willing
acceptance of blood transfusions by Jehovah’s Witnesses has in some cases led to expulsion
from and ostracization by their religious community (Medical Protection Society, 2014). The
practices of the Roman Catholic faith are also different. The Roman Catholic Church considers
Baptism, Confession, Holy Communion, and the Sacrament of the Sick as basic sacraments of
the Church (Hughey, M. (n.d.). For these reasons, it is crucial that nurses be able to recognize the
current and predominant religions in the community to take into consideration when planning
community interventions.
Highest Educational Attainment

1 2 3 4 5
Pre-Elementary 2 1 1 2 1 7 1.27%
Elementary
7 3 5 7 12 34 6.17%
Level
Elementary
3 1 4 7 2 17 3.09%
Graduate
High School
15 16 12 11 14 68 12.34%
Level
High School
19 14 13 10 10 66 11.98%
Graduate
Vocational 1 2 8 6 6 23 4.17%
Short Course 2 0 0 2 0 4 0.73%
College Level 26 34 32 27 19 138 25.05%
College
35 42 46 30 18 171 31.03%
Graduate
Post-Graduate 1 1 3 1 1 7 1.27%
Over 7 years old
w/o formal 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.18%
schooling
<5 years old 1 4 3 2 3 13 2.36%
SPED (Special
Needs 0 1 1 0 0 2 0.36%
Education)
TOTAL 112 119 128 105 87 551 100%
Table 1.7 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Highest Educational
Attainment in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
15
Figure 1.7 Pie Chart of Population According to Highest Educational Attainment in Purok
Analysis
The majority of the population or family members have a college diploma or are
currently enrolled in college.
Interpretation
The graph depicts the percentage of the population with the highest educational
attainment. The results revealed that 31.03 % of the population, or the highest percentage of the
population, are college graduates. The college graduate result is followed by the college level,
which has 25.05 % of the total population. Finally, SPED (Special Needs Education) received
the lowest percentage of 0.36 %.
Health Implication
In the Philippines, the salary disparity between the less educated and the more educated
accounts for a significant portion of income inequality. The bulk of the least educated work in
low-wage service jobs or in agriculture. Tertiary education is almost always required for high-
paying jobs (Luo, et al., 2019). Those with more education had stronger balance sheets—more
liquidity, a better mix of investments and lower leverage. This suggests that a lower level of
education can lead to less financial instability. Whether we like it or not, this might refer to a
family's poverty, which can impact not only the parents but also their children. To make ends
meet, parents may be forced to work long hours or take other measures. Families, on the other
16
hand, occasionally face financial difficulties. Children from impoverished homes have lower
scores in vocabulary skills, focus, collaboration, and other areas, according to research published
in the journal Pediatric Child Health. These data indicate how economic insecurity might affect a
child's academic achievement.
According to data, 16.6 percent of the Philippines' population, or around 17.6 million
people, live in poverty (Phillip, 2020). Uninsured people are more likely to skip preventative
care and wait until they have a serious illness before seeking medical help. In a given year, the
proportion of impoverished children who do not receive any health care is twice that of higher-
income children. Another reason poverty has an impact on health is that it frequently exposes
people to adverse living and working conditions, stress, and pollution, all of which have an
impact on health throughout life, beginning in utero. Poverty and low-income status are linked to
a variety of negative health consequences, such as shorter life expectancy, greater newborn
mortality rates, and higher death rates for the 14 most common causes of death.
Employment Status

1 2 3 4 5
Employed 54 43 65 41 46 249 45.19%
Unemployed 36 56 42 36 29 199 36.12%
Minor 19 18 14 24 28 103 18.69%
TOTAL 109 117 121 101 103 551 100%
Table 1.8 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Employment Status in
17
Figure 1.8 Pie Chart of Population According to Employment Status in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
Analysis
According to the status of employment of the people living in Brgy Mojon, the majority
of the people who were surveyed are employed.
Interpretation
The graph shows the status of employment of the people living in Brgy. Mojon. People
who are employed got the highest percentage of 45.19% or 249 of the population; unemployed
people in the community garnered 36.12% or 199 of the population, and the lowest percentage
are those who are still a minor or those who age 17 and below with 103 out of 551 responses or
18.69% of the population.
Health Implication
Employment status of an individual establishes an identity in our society. Being

employed alone provides financial freedom and decision-making power if you have a family to
provide. The unemployment rate can be extensively known as an economic indicator of a
country's performance in the labor market. Also, an individual is in an undesirable state that may
18
increase insecurity, and if it is prolonged, negative effects on a huge diversity of life chances and
living conditions in a community. (Lahtinen, 2018)
As the pandemic began, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) reported that the
unemployment rate went down to 6.9% in July 2020, which equates to 3.07 million people.
(Rivas, 2021) According to the National Economic and Development Authority, the
unemployment rate fell to its lowest since the start of the pandemic due to more relaxed
quarantines, but risk and precautionary behavior led to a decrease in labor force participation
rate. Some chose to stay at home because of the threat of the virus and some reported that their
employer closed their own businesses because of bankruptcy. People now are having a hard time
where to provide their everyday expenses and this may lead to suffering and different problems
may arise.
Recommendation
The community should strengthen each healthcare capacity, boost the vaccination
program to everyone, and implement granular lockdowns, if there areas identified as critical
zones, for the people to feel safe again to join the labor force in the community and most
especially, to recover and earn for a living again.
Type of Employment

1 2 3 4 5
Regular
28 17 33 26 28 132 53.01%
Full-Time
Regular
8 6 4 1 1 20 8.03%
Part-Time
Self-Employed 10 11 11 9 11 52 20.88%
Seasonal 1 3 0 0 0 4 1.61%
OFW 3 4 15 2 1 25 10.04%
Contractual by
1 2 1 2 0 6 2.41%
Job Offer
Contractual
0 0 0 1 2 3 1.20%
Everyday
Contractual
3 0 0 0 3 6 2.41%
every 6 months
19
Contractual
0 0 1 0 0 1 0.40%
Every Week
TOTAL 54 43 65 41 46 249 100%
Table 1.8.1 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Type of Employment
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.8.1 Pie Chart of Population According to Type of Employment in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

Analysis
According to the type of work of the people living in Brgy Mojon, the majority of the
people who were surveyed have a regular full-time job.
Interpretation
The graph shows the type of work of the people living in Brgy. Mojon. People who have
a regular full-time job got the highest percentage of 53.01% or 132 of the population; next is
those who are self-employed got 20.88% or 52 responses. People who work abroad or OFW
garnered 25 responses or 10.04% of the population; those who are employed regular but part-
time have 20 responses or 8.03%. Contractual by job offer and contractual every 6 months got
the same frequency with 6 responses or 2.41% of the population; seasonal employment consists
of 1.61% in the population or 4 responses. Meanwhile, contractual everyday have 3 responses or
1.20% and the lowest percentage are those who are contractual every week with 1 response or
0.40% of the population.
20
Health Implication
Being employed can boost a person’s confidence and self-esteem by knowing that they
have a purpose and they feel much easier to be genuinely happy when they feel they have a
worth. Having a regular full time job has a lot of benefits, such as subsidized health care, paid
leave or vacations during holiday, sick time, and grants to their retirement plan. According to the
Occupational Health and Safety legislation, employees should have three basic rights; first is the
right to refuse dangerous work and know that you are protected from reprisal, next is the right to
know about the workplace hazards and have access to basic health and safety information, and
lastly, the right to participate in health and safety discussions and health and safety committees.
Meanwhile, having a contract work may give the employee poor supervision and be
deprived of employee benefits. In line with this, contractualization slows down the economy due
to the termination of workers every five to six months, making them jobless. Here in our country,
contractualization has been a practice since 1974. Regardless of being said to be illegal, some
institutions still continue to exploit workers because of legal loopholes governing the practice.
(Osoro, 2020) This results in employees being not satisfied and happy with what they are paid;
also their motivation is decreased because they know that this job will end soon.
Recommendation
Even though people live in Brgy. Mojon mostly has regular full-time job employees,
there are still contractual workers, approximately 10% of the population. The country needs a
law that obstructs the employers from having an indistinct relationship with their employees to
stop the abuse and exploitation. This law will help each community to implement a strict
prohibition of contractualization in every institution within the vicinity. Each employee should
be regularized, most specially who excelled and performed good service to the same institution
for years - regularized with complete benefits that every employee should have. (Natividad,
2020)
Location of Work
Frequen
Criteria Purok 1 Purok 2 Purok 3 Purok 4 Purok 5 Percentage
cy
Within 25 15 14 16 17 87 34.94%
21
the
Commu
nity
Within
the
Municip 12 7 13 10 10 52
ality/Cit
y
Outside the
14 17 23 13 18 85 34.14%
Municipality/City
OFW (Outside the

3 4 15 2 1 25 10.04%
Country)
TOTAL 54 43 65 41 46 249 100%
Table 1.8.2 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Employed Individuals
Location of Work in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.8.2 Pie Chart of Population According to Employed Individuals Location of Work
Analysis
22
The table shows that in Barangay Malolos, the highest percentage in terms of location of
work is within the community, and the lowest percentage is OFW- outside the country.
Interpretation
As shown on the table, the total number who answers on the residence’ locations of work
is 100% or 249 responses, with 34.94% or 87 works within the community, 20.88% or 52 works
within the municipality/city, 34.14% or 85 works outside the municipality/ city, and 10.04% or
25 works outside the country.
Health Implication
Location of work is one of the most important factors in one’s health. A workplace can
affect one’s health, depending on its environment, structure, and atmosphere. Working in the
community means that one is already aware of the situation and problems that the community
faces every day, so they provide each other’s needs and services. Since they are also part of the
community, indicates that they also experience other’s struggles and demands.
While others who work outside the community face more problems as there is not only
one community that shares that specific place. Commuting from their home to their workplace is
a big stress factor especially for those who are from the province and works in the city. They also
face crises in terms of managing their time due to workloads while performing personal
responsibilities and family duties at the same time.
In relation to OFW workers, diseases associated with cardiovascular, reproductive,

digestive, and urinary systems are the most common health-related diseases among them,
including Hypertension, Arthritis, and Hepatitis. Due to lack of awareness, self-medications, and
fear of losing their job, they cannot focus on their health and cannot able to inquire about health
treatment and would rather work more to provide for their family’s needs. (Pustadan, 2021).
Recommendation
The health care provider should provide health education about the benefits and effects of
having a proper, organized, and healthy workplace. Improving a work environment does not only
cause positive outcomes to an employee’s health, but it also increases the interrelationship in
their community and surroundings. Also, providing health benefits to employees such as
23
vaccines, medical and accident insurance, health programs, budgets, and appreciation is a big
help to them and will decrease the possible risk of diseases.
Category of Work

1 2 3 4 5
In-House 16 11 12 10 9 58 23.29%
Field 26 17 27 23 24 117 46.99%
Office 12 15 26 8 13 74 29.72%
TOTAL 54 43 65 41 46 249 100%
Table 1.8.3 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Category of Work in
Figure 1.8.3 Pie Chart of Population According to Category of Work in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

Analysis
The table shows that in Barangay Malolos, the highest percentage in terms of the
category of work is in the field, and the lowest percentage is in-house.
24
Interpretation
As shown on the table, the total number who answer on the residence’ category of work
is 100% or 249 responses, with 46.99% or 117 who work in the field, 29.72% or 72 workers in
the office, and 23.29% or 58 workers in-house.
Health Implication
Work-from-home (WFH) may sound beneficial but could also bring harm to employees
especially in the present situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. WFH makes an employee
isolate themselves from other people to focus on their work (n.d., 2021). By isolating
themselves, they may not be able to take care of themselves anymore by skipping meals and
performing good hygiene. They may also experience difficulty in balancing their work and
personal life.
Working in the field is extremely hard especially when they are providing their physical
strength and service for their job. Through this, their health could be affected by different factors,
specifically physical hazards, biological hazards, vector-borne diseases, chemical hazards,
traumatic injury hazards, and other safety and health hazards that are present in their job. (CDC,
2021).
According to Lynch (2002), health can be affected by environmental factors such as poor
air quality and un-ergonomically workstations that may cause respiratory and musculoskeletal
distress. Working in an office setup with the environmental factors mentioned above can bring
harm to one’s health. In addition, an employee who has longer working hours depicts to have
lower productivity (Musilek, 2021). Low productivity could make an employee experience stress
and pressure, which can lead to serious illness, worse, will create more complications.
Recommendation
The health care provider should promote a safe and healthy environment in the
workplace. Assist the employees by working on personal-work life balance and encourage them
to exercise, avoid skipping meals, and perform time management to reduce the risk of getting ill.
Provide health assistance by giving information about the vaccines, vitamins, and other medical
support that can help boost their immune system. Ask the family to provide support and
assistance to their family members who are working, may it be through physical, social, and
mental.
25
Place of Origin of Work

1 2 3 4 5
Metro Manila 15 16 7 9 9 56 22.49%
Central Luzon 31 19 33 27 29 139 55.82%
Northern
3 1 10 2 6 22 8.84%
Luzon
Southern
2 3 0 1 1 7 2.81%
Luzon
OFW 3 4 15 2 1 25 10.04%
TOTAL 54 43 65 41 46 249 100%
Table 1.8.4 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Place of Origin of
Work in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.8.4 Pie Chart of Population According to Place of Origin of Work in Purok 1, 2, 3,
Analysis
According to the graph of the origin of work of the people living in Brgy Mojon, the
majority of the people who were surveyed are working in Central Luzon.
26
Interpretation
The graph shows the origin of work of the people living in Brgy. Mojon. People who
work in Central Luzon got the highest percentage with 55.82% of the population or 139
respondents. Next in line are people who work in Metro Manila have 56 responses or 22.49% of
the population; Overseas Filipino Workers have 25 responses or 10.04% of the population; 22
respondents, or 8.84% of the population are working in Northern Luzon. Lastly, people who
work in Southern Luzon got the least percentage of 2.81% of the population or 7 out of 249
respondents.
Health Implication
The employer provides the location of work for an employee, but it may indicate the
economy based on where you work. Here in our country, we all know that there are more
opportunities inside the metro; this is the reason why people tend to go farther for work to take
risks to make a living. On the other hand, people who work within or near their community will
have an easier life because they will not be apart from their family.
Due to the lack of work opportunities and low salaries in the Philippines, some are going
overseas to work. The Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) or working overseas have a greater
opportunity than being employed here in our country. But on the other side, they often
experience being exhausted because of heavy loads of work and overworked, continually being
stressed, and some suffer from mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, according
to a study.
Recommendation
We cannot deny that working outside the vicinity can bring a lot of opportunities. It is not
a bad thing that people prefer to work away from their families but having a concrete plan made
by the government can make their mind not to consider working afar. The community should
have a program that may help the people to consider working within their vicinity, like proposing
a lot of job offers, giving them benefits, etc. Having a job near their community can make them
easily balance work, personal, and family life, and this may result in having a healthy family
relationship.
27
Length of Residence
11 months below 14 2.54%

1-5 years 93 16.88%
6-10 years 52 9.44%
11-15 years 66 11.98%
16-20 years 111 20.15%
21-25 years 78 14.16%
26-30 years 53 9.62%
31-40 years 26 4.72%
41-50 years 34 6.17%
51 years above 24 4.36%
TOTAL 551 100%
Table 1.9 Frequencies and Percentage of Population According to Length of Residence in
Table 1.9 Distribution of Population According to Length of Residency in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

28
Analysis
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, the highest percentage in terms of the length of
residence is 16-20 years, and the lowest percentage is 11 months below.
Interpretation
As shown on the table, in the total of 551 residents, 14 of them has been living in that
residence for 11 months below, 93 for 1-5 years, 52 for 6-10 years, 66 for 11-15 years, 111 for
16-20 years, 78 for 21-25 years, 53 for 26-30 years, 26 for 31-40 years, 34 for 41-50 years, and
24 for 51 years above.
Health Implication
The length of time a family or a person live in a community can affect one’s perception
of neighborhood safety (Guo, et.al, 2018). The longer they live, the wider they know how life
works in their community; their culture, common issues and problems, crime levels, and even
hazards present. In addition, the resident who lives longer is more confident to navigate
community risks (Guo, et.al, 2018), since they are more exposed to the community, they can be
able to provide information on newer residents and help them adjust to the new environment.
Problems such as lack of physical activities and health programs in a community and
improper waste segregation and disposal can increase the risk of illness that may be acquired not
only by a single person but also by the whole community.
Recommendation
The health care provider should ensure the safety of the community by suggesting weekly
clean-up drives to improve their physical environment. An open discussion with the members of
the community is a must to discover the issues and problems that need to be addressed. Programs
such as Zumba, ball activities, and other recreational activities that could keep the community
physically active should be implemented.
Type of Family (Based on Composition)

Criteria 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency Percentage
29
Nuclear 17 18 17 17 13 82 69.49%
Single-
0 3 0 2 4 9 7.63%
Parent
Extended 6 2 7 5 4 24 20.34%
Cohabiting
/Communa 0 1 0 0 1 2 1.69%
l
Dyad 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.85%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 1.10 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Type of Family (Based
on Composition) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.10 Pie Chart According to Type of Family (Based on Composition) in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
30
According to the type of family based on composition, the majority of the people who
were surveyed had a Nuclear type of family, while a Dyad composition had the lowest
percentage among respondents.
Interpretation
The graph shows the type of family based on their familial composition. As shown on the
graph, the most common composition in Barangay Mojon is the Nuclear family with 69.49% or
82 of the total families, while the second is the Extended family with a total of 20.34% or 24 out
of 118 responses. Furthermore, the graph also showed that 7.63% or 9 out of 118 of the
respondents had a Single parent composition, 1.69% or 2 families had a cohabiting/ communal
composition, while 0.85% or 1 of 118 families in Barangay Mojon had a Dyad familial
composition.
Health Implication
The immediate environment that a person in the community has a direct impact on a
person’s upbringing and, in turn, has a short and long-standing effect on his or her health status.
According to a study by Robert L. Ferrer, at the population level, the contribution of the family
unit to self-rated health status is substantial: the family-level variance accounts for 4.5% to
26.1% of the total variance in individual physical and mental health status.
While the individual’s health status may have several indicating factors, the immediate
impact that the type of family he is composed of is of substantial effect as it subconsciously has
an outlying effect to every member of said family.
Type of Family (Based on Locus of Power)
Criteria Purok 1 Purok 2 Purok 3 Purok 4 Purok 5 Frequency Percentage
Egalitarian 10 10 22 7 8 57 48.30%
Matrifocal/
8 8 1 12 4 33 27.97%
Matriarchal
Patrifocal/
6 6 1 5 10 28 23.73%
Patriarchal
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 1.10.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Type of Family (Based
on Locus of Power) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
31
Figure 1.10.1 Pie Chart According to Type of Family (Based on Locus of Power) in Purok
Analysis
According to the type of family based on locus of power, the majority of the people who
were surveyed had an Egalitarian type of family, while a Patriarchal type had the lowest
Interpretation
The graph shows the type of family based on the locus of power. As shown on the graph,
the most common type of family in Barangay Mojon is the Egalitarian family with 48.31% or 57
of the total families while second in the is the Matrifocal/Matriarchal family with a total of
27.97% or 33 out of 118 families, on the other hand, 23.73% or 28 families were
Patrifocal/Patriarchal.
Health Implication
Nearly three decades of research evaluating the impact of family structure on the health
and well-being of children demonstrates that children living with their married, biological
parents consistently have better physical, emotional, and academic well-being. Pediatricians and
society should promote the family structure that has the best chance of producing healthy
32
children (Anderson, 2014). While there are no concrete findings that show what is an ideal to
what is the least ideal structure of a family based on power, there is no denying that the structure
of a family has a direct impact on health, both of the parents and the children.
Locus of power may vary depending on the individual factors to be considered in every
household, taking into consideration the presence of a healthy, constructive way of determining
said focal point of power.
Type of Family (Based on Place of Residence)

1 2 3 4 5
Matrilocal 8 11 11 12 5 47 39.83%
Patrilocal 5 11 6 4 7 33 27.97%
Neolocal 5 2 4 4 7 22 18.64%
Bilocal
6 0 3 4 3 16 13.56%
(Ambilocal)
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 1.10.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Type of Family (Based
on Place of Residence) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
33
Figure 1.10.2 Pie Chart According to Type of Family (Based on Place of Residence) in
Analysis
According to the type of family based on place of residence, the majority of the people
who were surveyed had a Matrilocal type of family, while a Bilocal type had the lowest
Interpretation
The graph shows the type of family based on the place of residence. As shown on the
graph, the most common type of family in Barangay Mojon is the Matrilocal family with 39.83%
or 47 of the total families while second is the Patrilocal family with a total of 27.97% or 33 out
of 118 families. Furthermore, 18.64% or 22 families are Neolocal and Bilocal families
comprising 13.56% or 16 out of the total families.
Health Implication
The type of family based on the place of residence has a direct correlation to the type of
family based on locus of power. People living in some arrangements show better health than
persons in other living arrangements. Recent prospective studies document higher mortality
among persons living in particular types of households. We extend this research by examining
the influence of household structure on health using longitudinal data (Hughes, 2006). While
34
some factors may hold more ground than family composition based on place of residence, some
studies find a direct correlation between higher mortality in living in specific types of
households.
Type of Family (Based on Descent)

1 2 3 4 5
Matrilineal 8 7 11 14 3 43 36.44%
Patrilineal 3 12 3 2 4 24 20.34%
Bilateral 13 5 10 8 15 51 43.22%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 1.10.3 Frequencies and Percentage of Type of Family Based on Descent in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 1.10.3 Pie Chart According to Type of Family Based on Descent in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
Analysis
The table depicts that most of the families in Barangay Mojon have Bilateral family
descent.
35
Interpretation
The graph given above shows the family descent of the 118 respondents. As shown on
the graph, Bilateral family descent is the most common answer for family descent ancestors in
Barangay Mojon which had 43.22% or 51 total responses. Next in line is the Matrilineal family
descent which had a total of 36.44% or 43. Last in line, with a total of 20.34% or 24 out of the
118 total responses, is the Patrilineal family descent ancestors.
Health Implication
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the descent has influence when it comes to the
rights to succession, inheritance, or residence following kinship lines. Bilateral descent is a type
of family that traces descent on both mother’s and father’s sides and has multiple ancestors. In
short, bilateral descent ties a person to the biological family of both mother and father.
According to O’Neil (2006), Bilateral descent usually results in more varied and complex family
systems than are found in families with patrilineal or matrilineal descent patterns. Family
decisions are further complicated by other relatives, thus resulting in either disagreement and
conflicts or forming alliances. Since the population in Barangay Mojon has a dominant number
of a family following Bilateral Descent, conflicts could happen when family members have
different views or beliefs that clash.
Recommendation
Sometimes, intense emotions or power imbalances in families can be difficult to resolve

and can only be addressed and discussed through counselling or therapy. Family therapy or
family counseling addresses specific issues affecting the health and functioning of a family. It
can be used to help a family member work through difficult issues of conflict (Family Therapy,
2019). Programs and services focusing on family and community could help improve
communication and resolve conflicts in the community.
Dialect Commonly Used

1 2 3 4 5
Tagalog 24 23 20 23 20 110 87.31%
Kapampangan 0 1 4 0 4 9 7.14%
Bisaya 2 0 0 2 1 5 3.97%
Ilokano 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.79%
Sambal 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.79%
TOTAL 27 24 25 25 25 126 100%
36
Table 1.11 Frequencies and Percentage of Dialect Commonly Used in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 1.11 Pie Chart According to Dialect Commonly Used in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that most families in Barangay Mojon are using Tagalog as their dialect,
while the least commonly used dialects are the Ilokano and Sambal.
Interpretation
As shown on the graph, the most used dialect in Barangay Mojon is Tagalog with a total
response of 87.31% or 110. Second in the most common dialect used by our respondents is the
Kapampangan with a total of 7.14% or 9, next is the Bisaya which had a total of 3.97% or 5 and
lastly are Ilokano and Sambal which both had a total percentage of 0.79% or 1 out of the 126
total responses. This section can be answered with multiple responses.
Health Implication
The Philippines is a multilingual nation with more than 170 dialects. However, with
Filipino as the constitutionally enshrined national language and English as the official second
language. These languages are often used when it comes to disseminating information regarding
national activities, especially health-related activities. In situations like this, communication
37
becomes difficult. According to Thomas D. (2020), Tagalog is spoken by around 50 million
people worldwide. Also, it is the mother tongue of about a third of the country’s population,
while the rest of the Philippine population speaks it as a second language for most of the country.
According to Loy Lising (2020), it has become apparent that state public health information in
Filipino and English fails to reach all the ethnolinguistic groups in the archipelago. Since the
population in Barangay Mojon has a dominant number of people who use Tagalog, it won’t have
a major impact in the dissemination of health information and health services in Barangay
Mojon.
Recommendation
The presence of different dialects or languages can cause miscommunication, especially

in disseminating important information. Therefore, it is important to improve information
dissemination in all dialects or languages the citizens use and understand. Knowledge of local
minority languages is vital to ensure equity and enable the whole community to become involved
in promoting community health (WHO, 2001).
38
SOCIO-ECONOMIC,
CULTURAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
VARIABLES
39
II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
2.1 SOCIAL INDICATORS
Services in the Community

1 2 3 4 5
Religious
24 21 19 20 19 103 23.3%
Services
Livelihood
11 13 6 10 13 53 11.99%
Services
Health
20 22 20 19 18 99 22.40%
Services
Garbage
22 20 17 19 16 94 21.27%
Collection
Peace and
23 19 18 15 18 93 21.04%
Order
TOTAL 100 95 80 83 84 442 100%

Table 2.1.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Services in the Community in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
40
Figure
2.1.1 Pie Chart According to Services in the Community in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
ANALYSIS:
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan the highest percentage of
service in the community is Religious Service and the lowest percentage is Livelihood Services.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, that Services in the Community of residence in Brgy. Mojon,
Malolos, Bulacan are 23.3 % or 103 in a total of Religious Services, 11.99% or 53 are
Livelihood Services, 22.40% or 99 are Health Services, 21.27% or 94 are Garbage Collector,
and 21.04% or 93 are Peace and Order.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Participating in community service allows individuals to become active members of their
community and has a long-term, positive impact on society. Community service or volunteerism
helps individuals to gain life skills and knowledge while also providing a service to those in
need.
RECOMMENDATION:
To maintain the unity of the Services In the community, we need to teach the community
about the plans needed to promote and implement the services of the community to sustain the
skills and knowledge.
Institutional Facilities
41
1 2 3 4 5
Barangay
22 24 24 23 20 113 26.28%
Hall
Health
20 20 20 23 19 102 23.72%
Station
Church 24 23 23 23 19 112 26.05%
School 22 22 20 21 18 103 23.95%
TOTAL 88 89 87 90 76 430 100%

Table 2.1.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Institutional Facilities in Purok 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.1.2 Pie Chart According to Institutional Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of

ANALYSIS:
Institutional Facilities is Barangay Hall and the lowest percentage is Health Station.
42
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, the Institutional Facilities of residence in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan are 26.28% or 113 in total are Barangay Hall, 23.72% or 102 are Health Station, 26.05%
or 112 are Church, and 23.95% or 103 are Schools.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
The advantages of Institutional Facilities will benefit the people in the community
because they are closer to the people's basic needs, such as education near the school, health near
the Health Station, it will be fixed faster because Brgy. Hall, and it will eventually be easier for
people to go to church because there is a church nearby.
RECOMMENDATION:
It is necessary to maintain the institutional facilities in order to maintain good facilities in
the area. We also need funds in order to provide adequate services to our community.
Organizations
Purok Purok Purok Purok

Criteria Purok 1 Frequency Percentage
2 3 4 5
Senior
21 11 7 18 11 68 30.09
Citizen
Youth 19 13 9 17 15 73 32.30
Others 11 3 6 13 11 44 19.47
None 3 10 11 9 8 41 18.14%
TOTAL: 54 37 33 57 45 267 100%

Table 2.1.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Organizations in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
43
Figure 2.1.3 Pie Chart According to Organizations in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
ANALYSIS:
Organizations are Youth and the lowest percentage are None.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, the Organizations of residence in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
are 30.09% or 68 in total are Senior Citizens, 32.30% or 73 are Youth, 19.47% or 44 are Others,
and 18.14% or 41 are None.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Organizations are important for the community because they focus on each community's
needs specifically. At the community meetings, members of the community as well as yourself,
can voice opinions and concerns to help find solutions and push for new ideas and changes that
can improve your neighborhood. It's the community, and the change can start with you. (Tom
Crimmins Realty, 2017)
RECOMMENDATION:
The organization can provide a program or a campaign to maintain good governance and
good organization in order to carry on the good work begun for the constituency.
Others (Organizations)
44
1 2 3 4 5
Home
Owners
1 1 0 4 3 9 3.37%
Team/Co
uncil
Solo
Parent
3 0 0 2 2 7 2.62%
Organizat
ion
Women’s
Organizat 2 1 1 0 0 4 1.50%
ion
Toda 3 1 1 7 3 15 5.62%
Religious
Organizat 2 0 4 0 3 9 3.37%
ion
Table 2.1.3.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Organizations in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
Figure
45
2.1.3.a Pie Chart According to Organizations in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay
Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS:
Organizations in others are Toda and the lowest percentage are Women’s Organizations.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, the Organizations (others) of residence in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan are 3.37% or 9 in total are Homeowner/Team Council, 2.62% or 7 are Solo Parents
Organization, 1.50% or 4 are Women Organization, 5.62% or 15 are Toda, and 3.37% or 9 are
Religious Organization.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Organizations are important for the community because they focus on each community's
needs specifically. At the community meetings, members of the community as well as yourself,
can voice opinions and concerns to help find solutions and push for new ideas and changes that
can improve your neighborhood. It's your community, and the change can start with you. (Tom
Crimmins Realty, Ltd, 2017)
RECOMMENDATION:
The organization can provide a program or a campaign to maintain good governance and
good organization in order to carry on the good work begun for the constituency.
raditions and Customs

1 2 3 4
Bayanihan 12 11 18 7 11 59 10.95%
Fiesta 22 19 17 19 21 98 18.18%
Palabra de
8 6 15 3 4 36 6.68%
Honor
Close
Family 14 21 16 17 17 85 15.77%
TIes
Pakikisama 17 21 21 16 17 92 17.07%
Respect for
21 22 23 19 20 105 19.48%
elderly
46
Ningas
5 3 12 2 4 26 4.82%
Kugon
Others 13 2 11 5 7 38 7.05%
TOTAL 112 105 133 88 101 539 100%

Table 2.1.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Traditions and Customs in Purok 1,
Figure
2.1.4 Pie Chart According toTraditions and Customs in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay
ANALYSIS:
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan the highest percentage of Traditions
and Customs are Respect for Elderly and the lowest percentage are Ningas Kugon.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, theTraditions and Customs of residence in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan are 10.95% or 59 in total are Bayanihan, 18.18% or 98 are Fiesta, 6.68% or 36 are
Palabra de Honor, 15.77% or 85 are Close Family Ties, 17.07% or 92 are Pakikisama, 19.48% or
105 are Respect for Elderly, 4.82% or 26 are Ningas Kugon, and 7.05% or 38 are Others.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Traditions provide us with numerous benefits. They provide us with a source of identity; they tell
the story of where we came from and remind us of what has shaped our lives. They connect
47
generations and strengthen our group bonds, and help us feel that we are part of something
unique and special. They offer us both comfort and security especially in times of profound
change and grief. They teach us values and help us pass on our cultural or religious history. Best
of all, they create lasting memories which in itself provides us with a wide variety of benefits.
(NICOLA WATTS on 14 December, 2017)
RECOMMENDATION:
Simply promote good manners and respect for one another so that unity can be maintained. Let's
avoid squabbles in order to keep the relationship intact.
2.1.4.a Others (Traditions and Customs)

1 2 3 4
Beauty
Contest
(Reyna 3 0 2 1 0 6 1.11%
ng
Palayan)
Family 10 2 9 4 7 32 5.94%
48
Reunion
Table 2.1.4.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Traditions and Customs in Purok
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.1.4.a Pie Chart According toTraditions and Customs in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS:
Traditions and Customs (others) are Family Reunion and the lowest percentage are Beauty
Contest (Reyna ng Palayan).
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, theTraditions and Customs in others of residence in Brgy.
49
Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan are 1.11% or 6 in total are Beauty Contest (Reyna ng Palayan), and
5.94% or 32 are Family Reunion.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Traditions provide us with numerous benefits. People provide them with a source of
identity; they tell the story of where we came from and remind us of what has shaped our lives.
They connect generations and strengthen our group bonds, and help us feel that we are part of
something unique and special. They offer us both comfort and security especially in times of
profound change and grief. They teach us values and help us pass on our cultural or religious
history. Best of all, they create lasting memories which in itself provides us with a wide variety
of benefits. (NICOLA WATTS on 14 December, 2017)
RECOMMENDATION:
Let us simply promote good manners and respect for one another so that unity can be
maintained. Let's avoid squabbles in order to keep the relationship intact.
2.1.5 Recreational Facilities
50
1 2 3 4
Volleybal
l/
23 23 23 20 20 109 45.99%
Basketbal
l Court
Playgroun
13 10 11 8 8 50 21.10%
d
Plaza 9 5 9 6 11 40 16.88%
Others 5 4 3 5 2 38 16.03%
TOTAL 50 42 46 39 41 237 100%

Table 2.1.5 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Recreational Facilities in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.1.5 Pie Chart According to Recreational Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of

51
Analysis:
The table shows that volleyball or basketball courts have the highest percentage of
recreational facilities in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, while other recreational facilities
have the lowest percentage.
Interpretation:
According to the graph, there are 109 of volleyball or basketball courts with a percentage
of 45.99 , 50 playgrounds with a percentage of 21.10, 40 plazas with a percentage of 16.88, and
38 other recreational facilities with a percentage of 16.03 in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
Health implication:
When community facilities, such as schools and sport and recreation facilities, are all
located near to homes, it enhances opportunities for physical activity, wellbeing, sports
participation, community interaction and social cohesion. This section highlights the value of
making community facilities flexible, shared, mixed-use and available at many times. (Healthy
Active by Design)
Recommendation:
To maintain the flexibility of a facility, the community can launch campaigns to maintain
the cleanliness and peace of the area, and they can also think of ways to improve the facility
structure so that it can be used in the long run as well as to maintain the safety of individuals.
52
2.1.5.a Other recreational facilities

1 2 3 4
Tennis
1 0 0 1 1 3 1.12%
Court
Village
Saturday 1 0 1 0 1 3 1.12%
Market
Mall 1 1 1 3 0 6 2.25%
Conventi
2 2 0 0 0 4 1.50%
on Center
Fair 0 1 1 1 0 3 1.12%
Table 2.1.5.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Recreational Facilities in Purok 1,
Figure 2.1.5.a Pie Chart According to Recreational Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and

53
Analysis:
The table shows that the mall has the highest percentage when it comes to other
recreational facilities in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, while tennis court, village Saturday
market, and fair have the lowest percentage.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, that the other Recreational facilities in Barangay Mojon,
Malolos, Bulacan are 31.58% or 6 in total is the mall, 21.05% or 4 in total is convention center
and the 15.79% or 3 in total are tennis court, village Saturday market and fair.
Health implication:
When community facilities, such as schools and sport and recreation facilities, are all
located near to homes, it enhances opportunities for physical activity, wellbeing, sports
participation, community interaction and social cohesion. This section highlights the value of
making community facilities flexible, shared, mixed-use and available at many times. (Healthy
Active by Design)
Recommendation:
To maintain the flexibility of a facility, the community can launch campaigns to maintain
the cleanliness and peace of the area, and they can also think of ways to improve the facility
structure so that it can be used in the long run as well as to maintain the safety of individuals.
2.1.6 Mode of Transportation

1 3 4 5
Tricycle 24 24 19 20 18 105 28.00%
Jeep 16 19 12 13 14 74 19.73%
PUJ/PUV 7 18 4 3 9 41 10.93%
Bicycle/ 19 16 9 15 14 73 19.47%
Motor
Owned/Pr 20 20 17 15 17 82 21.87%
ivate
vehicle
TOTAL 86 97 61 66 72 375 100%
54
Table 2.1.6 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Mode of Transportation in Purok 1,
Figure 2.1.6 Pie Chart According to Mode of Transportation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of

Analysis:
The table shows that tricycles account for the highest percentage of modes of
transportation in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, while PUJ/PUV account for the lowest
percentage.
Interpretation:
55
According to the graph, the following modes of transportation are used in Barangay
Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan: 28% or 105 total tricycles, 21.87% or 82 total owned or private
vehicles, 19.73% or 74 total jeeps, 19.47% or 73 total bicycles/motors, and 10.93% or 41 total
PUJ/PUV.
Health implication:
The transportation sector presents a wide range of issues viz. air pollution, noise,
congestion, accidents and increased travel time. It was evident from the existing information that
air pollution controls are not only important and a current priority in the local context, but also
can present a significant potential to control greenhouse gas emissions. (IGES,2007).
The frequent use of vehicles that emit black smoke is one of the potential causes of
human illness, particularly in people who have respiratory problems.
Recommendation:
To reduce or avoid emitting a lot of smoke from vehicles, organize a campaign or

seminars encouraging people to take the healthy route and bike to their next destination instead
of driving. We should either burn energy rather than gasoline, or we should ride bicycles for
short distances.
2.1.7 Mode of Communication

1 2 3 4 5
Letter 2 4 1 0 2 9 2.77%
56
Internet 24 24 20 24 18 110 33.74%
Telephone 5 13 7 6 8 39 11.96%
Cellphone 23 23 24 24 21 115 35.28%
radio 5 5 1 4 2 17 5.21%
Others 16 4 6 6 4 36 11.04%
TOTAL 75 73 59 64 55 326 100%
Table 2.1.7 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Mode of Communication in Purok 1,

Figure 2.1.7 Pie Chart According to Mode of Communication in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of

Analysis:
The table shows that the cellphone has the highest percentage in Barangay Mojon,
57
Malolos, Bulacan, and letters has the lowest percentage.
Interpretation:
According to the graph, the following are the modes of communication in Barangay
Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan: 35.28% or 115 in total is a cell phone, 33.74% or 110 in total is the
internet, 11.96% or 39 in total is a telephone, 11.04% or 36 in total is included to others, 2.21%
or 17 in total is radio, and the final 3% or 9 in total is the letter.
Health implication:
The use of mobile phones has increased substantially and has been paralleled by a
growing concern about the effects on health attributed to exposure to the electromagnetic fields
produced by them and their base stations. Demonstrating that radiation causes adverse effects on
health would signal a widespread public health problem. ( WHO, 2021)
Mobile phones emit radiation that is potentially harmful to human health, as such
radiation can have a direct impact on health. Mobile phone use can also have indirect
consequences, such as car accidents and disruptions to health care facilities.
Recommendation:
To counteract the negative effects of cell phones, the community can start a campaign
encouraging responsible cell phone usage and encouraging citizens to take a positive approach to
cell phone safety precautions like encouraging people to not use the cellphone while driving.
2.1.7.a Others
58
PC 5 2 1 1 0 9 2.76%
Tablet 4 0 2 2 2 10 3.08%
Laptop 7 2 3 3 2 17 5.21%
Table 2.1.7.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Other Mode of Communication in

Figure 2.1.7.a Pie Chart According to Other Mode of Communication in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
59
Analysis:
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, the highest percentage in
terms of other modes of communication is the laptop, and the lowest percentage is the PC.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the other mode of communication in Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
and Bulacan are: 5.21% or 17 in total is a laptop, 3.08% or 10 in total is a tablet, and 2.76% or 9
in total is a PC.
Health implication:
The use of mobile phones has increased substantially and has been paralleled by a
growing concern about the effects on health attributed to exposure to the electromagnetic fields
produced by them and their base stations. Demonstrating that radiation causes adverse effects on
health would signal a widespread public health problem. ( WHO, 2021)
Mobile phones emit radiation that is potentially harmful to human health, as such
radiation can have a direct impact on health. Mobile phone use can also have indirect
consequences, such as car accidents and disruptions to health care facilities.
Recommendation:
To reduce the risk of injury while using a laptop, the community can launch a health
teaching or campaign on how to reduce the negative effects of using a laptop, such as taking
regular breaks from the screen, using a laptop correctly, and so on.
2.2 ECONOMIC INDICATOR

2.2.1 Number of Earners in the Family (1st - 4th Member of the Family)
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok Frequency Percentage

1 2 3 4 5
60
1 Earner 4 6 8 14 9 41 34.75%
2 9 9 8 7 7 40 33.90%
Earners
3 7 8 5 1 3 24 20.34%
Earners
4 2 1 1 1 3 8 6.78%
Earners
5 1 0 2 1 0 4 3.39%
Earners
None 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.85%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%
Table 2.2.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Number of Earners in the Family
(1st - 4th Member of the Family) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
61
Figure 2.2.1 Pie Chart According to Number of Earners in the Family (1st - 4th Member of
the Family) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, the highest percentage in
terms of the number of earners in the family is earner 1, and the lowest percentage is none.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the number of earners in the family in Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan is 35% or 41 in total, which is earner 1, 34% or 40 in total, which is earner 2, 20% or 24
in total, which is earner 3, 7% or 8 in total, which is earner 4, 3% or 4 in total, which is earner 5,
and 1% or 1 in total is none.
Health implication:
The term "number of earners" refers to the number of family members who earn money
from their jobs. An earner is someone who received wages and salaries, net income from an
unincorporated business or professional practice, or self-employment income during the
reference year.
Recommendation:
A community needs health education on how each family budgets their daily expenses
and divides each expense in the household of each family member who earns money.
2.2.1.a Position of Earners in the Family (1st-4th Member of the Family)

1 2 3 4 5
Father 19 15 16 10 18 78 33.19%
Mother 14 13 11 16 7 61 25.96%
Child 13 18 14 9 16 70 29.79%
Grand Father 1 1 1 0 0 3 1.28%
Grand Mother 0 0 1 1 0 2 0.85%
62
Step-Father 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.43%
Step-Sibling 0 2 0 0 0 2 0.85%
Uncle 2 1 1 0 0 4 1.70%
Auntie 1 1 1 1 0 4 1.70%
Grand Child 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.85%
Mother-in-law 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.43%
Niece/Nephew 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.43%
Son-in-law 1 0 3 1 1 6 2.55%
TOTAL 53 52 50 38 42 235 100.00%

Table 2.2.1.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Position of Earners in the Family
Bulacan
63
Figure 2.2.1.a Pie Chart According to Number of Position of Earners in the Family (1st - 4th
Member of the Family) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
The table shows that in Brgy. Mojon the highest percentage in terms of position of
earners in the family (1st-4th member of the family) are fathers and the lowest are step-father,
mother-in-law, and niece/nephew.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the position of earners in the family (1st-4th members of the
family) in Brgy. Mojon are, 33.19% or 78 are father, 29.79% or 70 are child, 25.96% or 61 are
mother, 2.55% or 6 are son-in-law, 1.70% or 4 are uncle, 1.70% or 4 are auntie, 1.28% or 3 are
grandfather, 0.85% or 2 are grandmother, 0.85% or 2 are step-sibling, 0.85% or 2 are grandchild,
0.43% or 1 is step-father, 0.43% or 1 is mother-in-law, and 0.43% or 1 is niece/nephew.
Health Implication
The population shows that not only male are the earners in the family. There is a high
percentage of female population earners. This indicates that the community is closing the gender
gaps and they accept gender diversity. It is good for the household because the male in the family
is not the only one who earns; they have a partner in expenditures in the family. Therefore, the
family is less likely to have a problem such as stress caused by work or lack of income because
they have a partner in their expenditures.
Recommendation
The community should promote gender diversity especially in being the earner in the family.
2.2.1.b Income of every Earner in the Family (1st-4th member of the family)

1 2 3 4 5
700-20,000 43 40 34 35 37 189 80.08%
25,000- 9 5 14 4 4 36 15.25%
64
40,000
50,000- 3 2 1 2 2 10 4.24%
1000,000
110,000- 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.42%
200,000
TOTAL 55 47 49 42 43 236 100.00%

Table 2.2.1.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Income of Earners in the Family
Bulacan
Figure 2.2.1.b Pie Chart According to Number of Income of Earners in the Family (1st - 4th
Member of the Family) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
65
Analysis:
The table shows that in Brgy. Mojon the highest percentage in terms of income of every
earner in the family (1st-4th member of the family) are 700-20,000 and the lowest are 110,000-
200,000.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the income of every earner in the family (1st-4th member of the
family) in Brgy. Mojon are 80.08% or 189 are 700-20,000, 15.25% or 36 are 25,000-40,000,
4.24% or 10 are 50,000-100,000, and 0.42% or 1 is 110,000-200,000.
Health Implication
The high percentage of family members who earn 700–20,000 per month can greatly
affect the family's financial status, especially if they are the only ones who are earning in the
family. Some families might experience financial problems. Also, people with low earnings are
increasingly likely to associate with others who are financially disadvantaged. In deprived areas,
there is inadequate housing as well as a lack of essential utilities and services, all of which can
add to stress (Poverty and Social Exclusion).
Recommendation
There should be a livelihood program in the community that helps the people of the
community earn, especially those who have a very low income.
2.2.2 Monthly Family Income (combined)

1 2 3 4 5
Less than 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.85%

5,000
5,001-10,000 0 2 2 1 5 4.24%
10,001- 4 2 2 5 6 19 16.10%
15,000
15,001- 1 2 2 4 2 11 9.32%
20,000
20,001- 4 4 1 4 3 16 13.56%
25,000
66
25,001- 2 4 1 1 3 11 9.32%
30,000
30,001- 2 1 1 2 1 7 5.93%
35,000
35,001- 1 1 7 1 1 11 9.32%
40,000
40,001- 3 2 2 1 1 9 7.63%
45,000
45,001- 1 1 1 1 0 4 3.39%
50,000
More than 5 5 7 3 4 24 20.34%

50,001
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%

Table 2.2.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Combined Monthly Family Income
in the Family in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
67
Figure 2.2.2 Pie Chart According to Number of Combined Monthly Family Income of
Earners in the Family in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
The table shows that in Brgy. Mojon the highest percentage in terms of monthly family
income (combined) are more than 50,001 and the lowest are less than 5,000.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the combined monthly family income in Brgy. Mojon are,
20.34% or 24 are more than 50,001, 16.10% or 19 are 10,001-15,000, 13.56% or 16 are 20,001-
25,000, 9.32% or 11 are 15,001-20,000, 9.32% or 11 are 25,001-30,000, 9.32% or 11 are,
35,001-40,000, 7.63% or 9 are 40,001-45,000, 5.93% or 7 are 30,001-35,000, 4.24% or 5 are
5,001-10,000, 3.39% or 4 are 45,001-50,000, and 0.85% or 1 is less than 5,000.
Health Implication:
Peter J. Cunningham, professor of Virginia Commonwealth University stated that, people
with low salaries typically have poor health because they cannot afford proper housing, food, or
child care. The population shows that there are families who have a very low income, which may
possibly be the cause of many arising problems in the family. This may cause financial problems
that can lead to more problems.
Recommendation:
68
In the community, there should be a program to assist individuals in finding work so that
unemployed people in the community will have a chance to find their own jobs. Also, there can
be programs to assist people in earning a living.
2.2.3 Financial Source for Family expenditures

1 2 3 4 5
Employment 21 22 17 19 20 99 51.03%
Business 9 9 7 6 6 37 19.07%
Pension 2 4 2 3 0 11 5.67%
Help from 8 3 3 4 6 24 12.37%

relative/friends
Savings from 2 1 1 2 1 7 3.61%

employment
through
Savings
Account
Employee 2 0 8 2 0 12 6.19%
Help from 1 0 1 0 0 2 1.03%

daughter/son
Scholarship 2 0 0 0 0 2 1.03%
TOTAL 47 39 39 36 33 194 100.00%

Table 2.2.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Financial Source for
FamilyExpenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
69
Figure 2.2.3 Pie Chart According to Number of Financial Source for Family Expenditures in
2.2.4 Monthly Family Expenditures

1 2 3 4 5
Less than 1 0 1 1 1 4 3.39%

5,000
5,001- 6 3 3 3 6 21 17.80%
10,000
10,001- 2 7 4 7 6 26 22.03%
15,000
15,001- 7 4 2 6 3 22 18.64%
20,000
70
20,001- 2 3 5 3 1 14 11.86%
25,000
25,0001- 2 2 1 0 2 7 5.93%
30,000
35,001- 1 1 2 0 0 4 3.39%
40,000
40,001- 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.85%
45,000
45,001- 0 0 0 1 1 2 1.69%
50,000
More than 2 1 0 2 0 5 4.24%

50,001
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%

Table 2.2.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Monthly Family Expenditures in
71
Figure 2.2.3 Pie Chart According to Number of Monthly Family Expenditures in Purok 1, 2,
Analysis:
The table shows that in Brgy. Mojon the highest percentage in monthly family
expenditures are 10,001-15,000 and the lowest are 40,001-45,000.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the monthly family expenditures in Brgy. Mojon are, 22.03% or
26 are 10,001-15,000, 18.64% or 22 are 15,001-20,000, 17.80% or 21 are 5,001-10,000, 11.86%
or 14 are 20,001-25,000, 5.93% or 7 are 25,001-30,000, 4.24% or 5 are more than 50,001, 3.39%
72
or 4 are less than 5,000, 3.39% or 4 are 35,001-40,000, 1.69% or 2 are 45,001-50,000, and 0.85%
or 1 is 40,001-45,000.
Health Implication
Families' capacity to meet their most basic requirements is a key indicator of economic
stability and well-being. Because expenditures vary greatly based on the number of children in a
family and whether the family is headed by a single parent or a married couple, basic family
budget measurements are customizable by family type.
Recommendation
The community can hold seminars regarding family budgeting. So that people of the
community can learn and be aware of measures on how to save and properly spend their money
for the family to attain their basic needs.
2.2.5.a Priorities and Expenditure ( family’s priority by ranking 1-7 where 1 is the highest
priority) [Food]

1 2 3 4 5
1 21 21 20 16 21 99 83.90%
2 3 3 3 6 1 16 13.56%
3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.85%
7 0 0 0 2 0 2 1.69%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%

Table 2.2.5.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Priorities and Expenditures in
73
Figure 2.2.5.a Pie Chart According to Number of Priorities and Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan the highest percentage for
Priorities and Expenditures for food is 83.90% and the lowest is 1.69%.
Interpretation:
The graph shows that 53.85% or 7 respondents from Barangay Mojon prioritize their
food, next is 23.08% or 3 respondents, 15.38% or 2 respondents and last is 7.69% or 1
respondent said that their food is their priority.
Health Implication:
Food is something that provides nutrients. Nutrients are substances that provide: energy
for activity, growth, and all functions of the body such as breathing, digesting food, and keeping
warm; materials for the growth and repair of the body, and for keeping the immune system
healthy.
Recommendation:
The barangay could show some support to the residents through programs and financial
assistance.
2.2.5.b Priorities and Expenditure ( family’s priority by ranking 1-7 where 1 is the highest
priority) [Health]
74
Criteria PUR PUR PURO PUR PUR Frequenc Percentag
OK 1 OK 2 K3 OK 4 OK 5 y e
1 2 2 0 2 1 7 5.93%
2 16 11 12 10 13 62 52.54%
3 5 8 10 5 3 31 26.27%
4 1 3 2 5 5 16 13.56%
5 0 0 0 2 0 2 1.69%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%

Table 2.2.5.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Priorities and Expenditures in
Figure 2.2.5.b Pie Chart According to Number of Priorities and Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3,
75
Analysis:
Most of the respondents from Barangay Mojon Prioritize their health while the minority
of them doesn’t prioritize their health.
Interpretation
The pie graph shows that 52.54% or 62 of the respondents answers 2 on the criteria as
they prioritize their health, another 26.27% or 31 respondents answer 3 on the criteria, next is
13.46% or 16 respondents answers 4 on the criteria, next is 5.93% or 7 respondents answers 1
which shows that health is their priority.Lastly, 1.69% or 2 respondents answers 5 on the criteria.
Health Implication:
Being healthy should be part of your overall lifestyle. Living a healthy lifestyle can help
prevent chronic diseases and long-term illnesses.
Recommendation
The barangay could conduct health programs and health assistance for the community.
2.2.5.c Priorities and Expenditure ( family’s priority by ranking 1-7 where 1 is the highest
priority) [Recreation]
Criteria PURO PUR PURO PURO PURO Frequen Percenta

K OK K K K cy ge
1 2 3 4 5
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.85%
4 1 1 1 1 0 4 3.39%
5 1 7 0 4 1 13 11.02%
6 5 1 6 6 6 24 20.34%
7 17 15 17 12 15 76 64.41%
76
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%
Table 2.2.5.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Priorities and Expenditures in

Figure 2.2.5.c Pie Chart According to Number of Priorities and Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3,
Analysis:
The table shows that the majority of the response from Barangay Mojon have the lowest
priority for their recreational activities.
Interpretation
The graph shows that 64.41% or 76 of the respondents answers 7 on the criteria which is
the least priority on Priorities and Expenditures, next is 20.34% or 24 respondents answers 6 on
the criteria, 11.02% or 13 respondents answers 5 on the criteria, next is 3.39% or 4 respondents
answers 4 on the criteria and lastly, 0.85% or 1 respondent answers 1 on the criteria on recreation
which shows that recreation is their priority.
Health Implication
77
Participating in recreational activities helps improve physical well-being, emotional
health, and cognitive functioning. It also offers opportunities to socialize with peers.
Recommendation
The Barangay could conduct recreational activities in the community and the members of
the community should participate in recreational activities so that could increase their overall
activity level.
2.2.5.d Priorities and Expenditure ( family’s priority by ranking 1-7 where 1 is the highest
priority) [Education]
Criteria PURO PURO PURO PURO PURO Frequen Percenta

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 cy ge
1 1 0 2 2 0 5 4.24%
2 2 6 6 5 7 26 22.03%
3 12 10 11 11 8 52 44.07%
4 4 2 1 2 2 11 9.32%
5 0 2 1 1 2 6 5.08%
6 0 2 0 0 0 2 1.69%
7 5 2 3 3 3 16 13.56%
TOTA 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%

L
Table 2.2.5.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Priorities and Expenditures in

78
Figure 2.2.5.d Pie Chart According to Number of Priorities and Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3,
Analysis
The table shows that the highest percentage of responses from Barangay Mojon answers
that Education is their third priority while some of the respondents don't highly prioritize
education.
Interpretation
The graph shows that 44.07% or 52 respondents answers that education is their third
priority, next is 22.03% or 26 respondents said that education is their second priority, next is
13.56% or 16 respondents said that education is their seventh priority, next is 9.32% or 11
respondents said that education is their fourth priority, next is 5.08% or 6 respondents said that it
is their fifth priority, next is 4.24% or 5 respondents said that education is their first priority,
lastly is 1.69% or 2 respondents said that education is their sixth priority.
79
Health Implication
Education helps people become better citizens. Education shows us the importance of
hard work and, at the same time, helps us grow and develop. Not prioritizing education can
affect individuals.
Recommendations
The community could conduct financial support for the individuals of the community.
2.2.5.e Priorities and Expenditure ( family’s priority by ranking 1-7 where 1 is the highest
priority) [Savings]
Criteria PURO PURO PURO PURO PURO Frequen Percenta

K1 K2 K 3 K4 K5 cy ge
1 0 0 2 0 0 2 1.69%
2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.85%
3 3 1 2 5 6 17 14.41%
4 8 13 10 7 7 45 38.14%
5 8 5 8 3 4 28 23.73%
6 5 5 1 4 2 17 14.41%
7 0 0 0 5 3 8 6.78%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%

Table 2.2.5.e Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Priorities and Expenditures in
80
Figure 2.2.5.e Pie Chart According to Number of Priorities and Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3,
Analysis
The chart shows that the highest percentage of responses from Barangay Mojon is that
savings is their fourth priority and the least percentage shows that savings is their second
priority.
Interpretation
The pie chart shows 38.14% or 45 respondents said that savings is their fourth priority,
next is 23.73% or 28 respondents said that it is their fifth priority, next is both 14.41 or 17
respondents said that it is their priority. Next, 6.78% or 8 respondents answers savings as their
seventh priority, 1.69% or 2 respondents said that it is their first priority and lastly, 0.85% or 1
respondent said that savings is their second priority.
Health implications
81
Savings are essential aspects of building wealth and having a secure financial future.
Saving money gives you a way out from uncertainties of life and provides you with an
opportunity to enjoy a quality life.
Recommendation
The community could conduct a seminar about savings. So that individuals can learn and
be aware of the importance of savings for the family to attain their basic needs.
2.2.5.f Priorities and Expenditure ( family’s priority by ranking 1-7 where 1 is the highest
priority) [Utilities]
Criteri PURO PURO PUROK PUROK PURO Freque Percen

a K1 K2 3 4 K5 ncy tage
1 0 1 0 2 0 3 2.54%
2 2 4 2 2 1 11 9.32%
3 4 4 0 3 4 15 12.71
%
4 10 2 8 4 3 27 22.88
%
5 5 5 8 8 10 36 30.51
%
6 1 6 4 4 4 19 16.10
%
7 2 2 2 1 7 5.93%
TOTA 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00

L %
Table 2.2.5.f Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Priorities and Expenditures in
82
Figure 2.2.5.f Pie Chart According to Number of Priorities and Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3,
Analysis
utilities is their fifth priority while 22.88% prioritize utilities as their fourth priority.
Interpretation
The pie chart shows 30.51% or 36 respondents consider utilities as their fifth priority,
next, 22.88% or 27 respondents said that it is their fourth priority, next, 16.10% or 19
respondents said that it is their sixth priority. Next, 12.71% or 15 respondents answered that
utilities is their third priority, while 9.32% or 11 respondents said that it is their second priority.
5.93% or 7 respondents said that it is their seventh priority and lastly, 2.54% or 3 respondents
said that utilities is their first priority
Health Implications
83
Utilities are an important aspect for hygiene and health. Prioritizing utilities is like
p;rioritizing your necessity. It is important to pay attention to your utilities like water, sanitation,
and electricity. It may also contribute to your safety.
Recommendation
Investing in good utilities will benefit all of the people in the community. The local
government should conduct a universal utility that can be accessed by all of the people. The local
government should also conduct health teaching about the importance of utilities and also check
the conditions of each household’s utilities.
2.2.5.g Priorities and Expenditure ( family’s priority by ranking 1-7 where 1 is the highest
priority) [Clothing]
PURO PURO PURO PURO PURO Frequen Percenta
Criteri
K1 K2 K 3 K4 K5 cy ge
a
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.85%
2 1 0 0 1 0 2 1.69%
3 0 1 0 0 1 2 1.69%
4 0 3 2 5 5 15 12.71%
5 10 5 7 8 5 35 29.66%
6 13 10 13 8 10 54 45.76%
7 0 5 2 1 1 9 7.63%
TOTA 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%

L
Table 2.2.5.g Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Priorities and Expenditures in
84
Figure 2.2.5.g Pie Chart According to Number of Priorities and Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3,
Analysis
clothing is their sixth priority while 29.66% prioritize clothing as their fifth priority.
Interpretation
The pie chart shows 45.76% or 54 respondents consider clothing as their sixth priority,
next, 29.66% or 35 respondents said that it is their fifth priority, next, 12.71% or 15 respondents
said that it is their fourth priority. Next, 7% or 9 respondents answered that clothing is their
seventh priority, while both 1.69% or 2 respondents said that it is their second and third priority.
Lastly, 0.85% or 1 respondent said that clothing is their first priority.
Health Implication
Clothing contributes to hygiene and protection. Clothing serves as our warmer when the
weather is cold and protection from the raging sun. Investing in good quality clothing will last
you for years and will not cost much with your priorities.
85
Recommendation
Investing on good quality clothing and knowing that it will last your for years is a good
investment to lessen your budget on clothing. For less fortunate and hard to reach families,
conducting a donation drive for them was a good strategy to give them good quality clothing that
will protect them.
2.2.6 Adequacy of Family Income
Criteria PURO PURO PURO PURO PURO Freque Percenta

K1 K2 K 3 K4 K5 ncy ge
Adequate 21 18 21 14 17 91 77.12%
Not 3 6 3 10 5 27 22.88%
Adequate
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%
Table 2.2.6 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Adequacy of Family Income in

86
Figure 2.2.6 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Adequacy of Family Income in
Analysis
The pie graph shows that most of the respondents of Brgy. Mojon has adequate family
income that is enough for their family.
Interpretation
The graph shows that 77.12% or 91 respondents said that their family income is adequate
while 22.88% or 27 respondents said that their family income is inadequate.
Health Implication
Income is the most important foundation in a family since this is needed to buy
necessities. Adequacy is important as well so that the family won’t be having debts in terms of
buying their needs.
Recommendation
For families that have inadequate income, they can seek financial assistance on the local
government since there is lots of financial assistance offered by the local government.
87
2.3 CULTURAL INDICATORS
2.3.1 Cultural Orientation regarding Illness (Multiple Response)
Criteria Purok Purok Puro Purok Purok Freque Percent

1 2 k3 4 5 ncy age
Physiologic 24 22 22 23 20 111 32.36%

factor e.g.
infection
Supernatural 8 7 4 5 6 30 8.75%
phenomenon
e.g. kulam,
balis
Punishment 4 3 1 4 3 15 4.37%
from GOD
Other person 15 7 8 15 10 55 16.03%
Change in 21 20 18 23 21 103 30.03%

weather
Not being 5 20 0 2 2 29 8.45%

careful and
conscious
about health
88
TOTAL 77 79 53 72 62 343 100%
Table 2.3.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Cultural Orientation regarding
Illness in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.3.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Cultural Orientation regarding

Illness in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
The pie chart shows that the largest percentage of respondents believe that illness is a
physiological factor like infection.
Interpretation
Since this is a multiple response question, the chart shows that 32.36% or 111
respondents believe that illness is a physiological factor while 30.03% or 103 also believe that
illness is due to the change of weather. 16.30% or 55 respondents believe that illness is caused
by other people. Illness was believed by 8.75% or 30 respondents that is cause by supernatural
phenomenon, while 8.45% or 29 respondents believed that illness is caused by not being careful
89
and cautious about health. And lastly, 4.37% or 15 respondents believed that illness is a
punishment from God.
Health Implication
Different people have different beliefs about certain topics. No one is invalidating their
cultural beliefs but it may cause confusion with dealing with illness the right way.
Recommendation
Respect each other’s cultural beliefs and never invalidate their beliefs based on your own
knowledge.
90
2.3.2 Cultural Belief: (Multiple Response)
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok Frequen Percenta

1 2 3 4 5 cy ge
Can be 18 23 13 19 20 93 35.77%
restored by
GOD/Other
spiritual
faith
Can be 2 6 0 1 6 15 5.77%
restored by
faith healers
Can be 9 9 8 4 7 37 14.23%
restored by
supernatura
l powers e.g.
Tawas,
hilot, hula
Can be 22 23 24 24 22 115 44.23%

restored by
health
91
personnel
e.g. doctors,
nurses
TOTAL 51 61 45 48 55 260 100%
Table 2.3.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Cultural Belief in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

Figure 2.3.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Cultural Belief in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

Analysis
The chart shows the largest percentage of responses in Brgy. Mojon believes that illness
can be restored by health personnel.
Interpretation
92
The pie graph shows that 44.23% or 115 respondents believe that illness can be restored
by health personnel, while 35.77% or 93 respondents believed that illness can be restored by
GOD/other spiritual faith. 14.23% or .37 respondents believed that illness can be restored by
supernatural powers and lastly, 5.77% or15 respondents believed that illness can be restored by
faith healers.
Health Implication
Different people have different beliefs about certain topics. No one is invalidating their
cultural beliefs but it may cause confusion with dealing with illness the right way.
Recommendation
Respect each other’s cultural beliefs and never invalidate their beliefs based on your own
knowledge.
93
2.3.2 Cultural Perception
Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok Frequen Percent

Criteria
1 2 3 4 5 cy age
Always 7 5 2 7 2 23 19.49%
practices
local cultural
practices
about health
matters
Sometimes 16 16 21 11 15 79 66.95%
practices
local cultural
practices
about health
matters
94
Does not 1 3 1 6 5 16 13.56%
practice
local cultural
practices
about health
matters
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00

%
Table 2.3.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Cultural Perception in Purok 1, 2, 3,

Figure 2.3.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Cultural Perception in Purok 1, 2,

Analysis
95
This table shows that the majority of the responses from Barangay Mojon practices local
cultural practices sometimes, while the least of the responses said that they do not practice any
local cultural practices about health matters.
Interpretation
The graph shows that 66.95% or 79 respondents from Barangay Mojon practices cultural
practices about health matters sometimes, another 19.49% or equivalent of 23 respondents said
that they always practice their local cultural practices for health, while the remaining 13.56% or
16 respondents said that they do not practice any local cultural practices regarding health
matters.
Health Implication
Practice of medically unproven cultural practices about health matters could lead to
people not seeking appropriate care thus could worsen the health status of the patient.
Recommendation
The barangay could hold health talks and barangay seminars to educate the people in the
community regarding local practices that are not medically proven and are considered as myths,
while introducing them to the health programs in the barangay that could help them with their
concerns about health.
96
2.3.4 Community Involvement
Criteria PURO PUR PUR PUR PURO Frequenc Percentag

K 1 OK 2 OK 3 OK 4 K 5 y e
Does not 18 13 9 8 13 61 51.69%

actively
join
Actively 6 11 15 16 9 57 48.31%
join
fiesta,
religious
processio
n, local
cultural
97
practices
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 2.3.4 Frequencies and Percentage on Community Involvement in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.3.4 Pie Chart According to Community Involvement in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and

Analysis
This table shows that the highest percentage of responses from Barangay Mojon stated
that they do not engage in their community activities while the least said they do actively join
fiesta, religious procession and local cultural practices.
Interpretation
The graph shows that 51.68% of the respondents or an equivalent of 61 responses said
that they do not actively join their community activities while the rest of the 48.31% or 57
respondents said that they do actively join their community activities such as fiesta, religious
procession and cultural practices.
98
Health Implication
Inactivity in community activities could affect the social bond within the community and
may result in community conflict.
Recommendation
The barangay could hold health talks and barangay seminars to educate the people in the
community regarding local practices that are not medically proven and are considered as myths,
while introducing them to the health programs in the barangay that could help them with their
concerns about health.
IV. Environmental Indicator

A. Home
2.4.1.a Ownership:
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok Frequen Percenta

1 2 3 4 5 cy ge
Owned 20 18 20 19 18 95 80.51%
99
Rented 3 4 0 4 3 14 11.86
Lease to 1 1 3 0 0 5 4.24%
Own
Rent- 0 1 1 1 1 4 3.39%
free
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 2.4.1.a Frequencies and Percentage on Ownership in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Figure 2.4.1.a Pie chart according to Ownership in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay

Analysis
Majority of the respondents from Barangay Mojon own their houses while the minority
of them lives in a rent-free house.
Interpretation
100
This pie graph shows that 80.51% or a total of 95 responses do own the house they live
in, another 11.86% or 14 responses live on rented houses, 4.24% or 5 responses live in a lease to
own house and the rest of 3.39% or 4 responses live in a rent-free house.
Health Implication
Owning a house could enhance the household wealth of a family and they can focus more
on their health needs rather than paying for their rent.
Recommendation
The barangay should utilize financial support for the health needs of eligible families
within the community.
101
2.4.1.b Construction materials used
Criteria Puro Puro Puro Puro Puro Frequency Percentage

k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
Mixed 11 14 9 7 8 49 41.53%
Light 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.85%
Strong 12 10 15 17 14 68 57.63%
KABUUA 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

N
Table 2.4.1.b Frequencies and Percentage on Construction Materials in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
Figure
2.4.1.b Pie chart according to Construction Materials in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay
102
Analysis
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, the majority of the houses are made of strong
concrete while the minority are made of light materials such as wood.
Interpretation
The graph shows that 57.63% or an equivalent of 68 responses said that their house if
made of strong materials like concrete, next to is is 41.53% or 49 responses who said they live in
a house made of mixed materials while the remaining 0.85% or 1 response said that their house
is made of light materials like wood.
Health Implication
The composition of material used in a house could determine the strength of the house to
withstand typhoons and storms. Houses made of light materials and even some of those made of
mixed materials could easily be destroyed by heavy rain and strong winds. Moreover, houses
made of wood are more sensitive to combustion which means that fire could spread easily in a
community with houses made of wood.
Recommendation
The barangay coul support their residents by relocation programs or financial assistance
to help improve the status of the house of their residents.
2.4.1.c Number of rooms used for sleeping
Criteri Puro Puro Puro Puro Puro Frequency Percentage

a k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
1 4 4 2 5 3 18 15.25%
2 7 9 8 6 10 40 33.90%
3 8 5 5 3 6 27 22.88%
103
4 3 4 7 4 2 20 16.95%
5 0 2 1 2 0 5 4.24%
None 2 0 1 4 1 8 6.78%
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 2.4.1.c Frequencies and Percentage on Number of rooms used for sleeping in Purok 1,
Figure 2.4.1.c Pie chart according to Number of rooms used for sleeping in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
Analysis
This table shows that the majority of the residents in Barangay Mojon has two bedrooms
while the least percentage of residents have five bedrooms.
Interpretation
104
This pie graph shows that 33.90% or 40 out of 118 respondents have two bedrooms. This
is followed by 22.88% or 27 out of 118 households who have three bedrooms, 16.95% or 20 out
of 118 households who have four bedrooms, 15.25% or 18 households having one bedroom,
6.78% or eight households having no bedroom and 4.24% or five households who has five
bedrooms.
Health Implication
The number of rooms used in sleeping could also be the reason when it comes to health.
We can spread microorganisms by air if we are suffocated by the place and also if there is no
adequate space for it.
Recommendation
Not all of the people are capable of having enough space for their rooms or to their house but in
that case we can still prevent diseases caused by the spreading of microorganisms through air.
We can prevent it by having distance from each other if we experience colds or coughs, people
can also cough but make sure that they are covering it or they go outside in an open air or area.
2.4.1.d Adequacy of space
Criteria Purok Puro Puro Puro Puro Frequency Percentage

1 k2 k3 k4 k5
Adequate 20 20 23 20 21 104 88.14%
Inadequat 4 4 1 4 1 14 11.86%
e
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%
105
Table 2.4.1.d Frequencies and Percentage on Adequacy of Space in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and of
Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bula2.4.1.d Pie chart according to Adequacy of Space in Purok 1,
Analysis
The table shows that out of 118 households in Barangay Mojon, 104 of them have
adequate space while the remaining 14 answer that their space is inadequate for their family.
Interpretation
As shown on the table, 88.14 %of the respondents or 104% of the total population of
Barangay Mojon have adequate space while the remaining 11.86% answer that they have
inadequate space for their family.
Health Implication
According to Xavier Bonnefey (2007) space inadequacy can promote indoor air
pollution, inefficiency of heating systems and insulation measures, poor hygiene and mould
growth.Some of the population shows that there are home that have inadequate space for their
family and this can lead them to experienced the aforementioned risk factor.
Recommendation
The community can provide extra cleaning material for the families who has inadequate
space at home or they can conduct seminars for those people to be aware to the risk factor they
might experience for having inadequate space at home.
2.4.1.e Lighting facility
Criteria Purok Puro Puro Puro Purok Frequency Percentage

1 k2 k3 k4 5
Electricit 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

y
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
106
OTHERS

k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
Solar 0 2 1 0 0 3 100%
Panel
(Light,
Lamp,
etc.)
Table 2.4.1.e Frequencies and Percentage on Lighting Facility in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Figure 2.4.1.e Pie chart according to Lighting Facility in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay
Analysis
The table shows that all of the residents of Barangay Mojon have lighting facilities.
Interpretation
107
As shown on the pie graph , 100% or 118 households in Barangay Mojon have lighting
facilities. Some of them are using electricity while some are using solar panels that both provide
light for their home.
Health Implication
Lighting facility plays a big role in the community but most especially in our own home.
Having good lighting helps improve the mood of everyone, it also helps everyone to see each
other's faces and body movements for easy identification, and it helps everyone to do and finish
their daily activities at ease.
Recommendation
The community can conduct seminars that will promote proper usage of electricity
because based on the population of Barangay Mojon most of them are using electricity.
2.4.1.f Adequacy of lighting

k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
Adequate 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.1.f Frequencies and Percentage on Adequacy of Lighting in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

108
Figure 2.4.1.f Pie chart according to Adequacy of Lighting in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Analysis
The table shows that all of the residents of Barangay Mojon have adequate lightning.
Interpretation
As shown on the pie graph , 100% or 118 households in Barangay Mojon have adequate
lighting.
Health Implication
Adequacy of lighting can make a big impact on people 's lives. If people are experiencing
light adequacy it will affect their work towards good quality and also improve their productivity.
109
Recommendation
Based on the population of Barangay Mojon every household has adequate lighting. For
the recommendation, the community and every household should maintain their lighting
adequacy because it will help them to work towards good quality.
2.4.1.g Ventilation

k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
Adequate 23 24 22 21 22 112 94.92%
Inadequat 1 0 2 3 0 6 5.08%
e
110
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.1.g Frequencies and Percentage on Ventilation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of

Figure 2.4.1.g Pie chart according to Ventilation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay

Analysis
The table shows that the majority of the residents of Barangay Mojon have adequate
ventilation while some of them answered that they have inadequate ventilation at home..
Interpretation
As shown on the pie graph , out of 118 households in Barangay Mojon 112 or equivalent
to 94.92% have adequate ventilation while the remaining 6 or equivalent to 5.08% answered that
they have inadequate ventilation at home.
111
Health Implication
According to the National Center for Healthy Housing, ventilation can control indoor
humidity and airborne contaminants, both of which either contribute to or act as health hazards.
They also stated that having proper ventilation helps improve indoor air quality.
Recommendation
The community can conduct seminars about the benefits and risk factors that they can get
for proper and poor ventilation.
2.4.1.h General sanitary condition

k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
112
Generally 22 22 24 23 22 113 95.76%
Clean
Dirty 2 2 0 1 0 5 4.24%
Total 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.1.h Frequencies and Percentage on General Sanitary Condition in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

Figure 2.4.1.h Pie chart according to General Sanitary Condition in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Analysis
113
The table shows that the general sanitary condition of the majority of the residents in
Barangay Mojon is generally clean but 4.24% of the overall population is still observed in dirty
condition.
Interpretation
As shown on the pie graph , out of 118 households in Barangay Mojon 113 or equivalent
to 95.76% of them were observed clean on their general sanitary condition.while the remaining 5
or equivalent to 4.24% were observed having a dirty sanitary condition.
Health Implication
Every household general sanitary condition will be used in identifying possible risk
factors that the family or community might encounter. Having a dirty sanitary condition can lead
to many risk factors like it can increase the risk of infection and increase the risk of exposing
themselves to many disease-causing agents.
Recommendation
The community needs to put further attention in maintaining clean sanitary conditions.
They can provide additional cleaning materials and conduct a project that focuses on improving
the sanitary condition of every household in the community and the community itself.
114
2.4.2 Water Supply
2.4.2.a Ownership:
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok 4 Purok Frequency Percentage

1 2 3 5
Private 22 19 21 20 16 98 83.05%
Public 2 5 3 4 6 20 16.95%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 2.4.2.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Water Supply Ownership in
Figure 2.4.2.a Pie Chart According to Water Supply Ownership in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
115
ANALYSIS:
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, the highest percentage of
Ownership for Water Supply is Private, and the lowest rate is Public.
INTERPRETATION:
The graph shows the ownership for water supply of residences in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan is 83.05% or 98 in total are private, and 16.95% or 20 are public.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
According to the study of Dinka (2017), The challenge is the increasing population of the
world at an alarming rate, while the available freshwater resources almost remain constant. In
some countries, sufficient freshwater is not available (physical scarcity), while in other countries,
abundant freshwater is available, but it is expensive to use (economic shortage).
A separate study titled Epidemiology of Cholera in the Philippines in 2015 said that the
overall case-fatality ratio in sentinel sites was 0.62% but was 2% in outbreaks. All age groups
were affected. Using both confirmed and suspected cholera cases, the average annual incidence
in 2010–2013 was 9.1 per 100,000 population. Poor access to improved sanitation was
consistently associated with higher cholera incidence. Paradoxically, access to improved water
sources was associated with higher cholera incidence using both suspected and confirmed
cholera data sources. This finding may have been due to the breakdown in the infrastructure and
the non-chlorination of water supplies, emphasizing the need to maintain public water systems.
RECOMMENDATION:
This demonstrates the need for the community to address the issue of water supply
ownership to avoid a health crisis and not affect the lives of at-risk populations.
116
2.4.2.b Water Source: For deep wells, proceed to letter “e”.
2.4.2.b.1 Cooking:
Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok Purok Purok Bilang Percentage

1 3 4 5
Commercial 7 8 7 5 9 36 30.25%
Local 17 15 16 17 13 78 65.55%
Water
District
Water 1 0 1 0 0 2 1.68%
Pump
(Poso)
Deep Well 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.84%
Jetmatic 1 0 1 0 0 2 1.68%
Tank
TOTAL 26 24 25 22 22 119 100%
Table 2.4.2.b.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Water Used for Cooking
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
117
Figure 2.4.2.b.1 Pie Chart According to the Water used for cooking in Purok 1, 2, 3,
ANALYSIS:
The table shows that of the Water sources in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, the
highest percentage of water used for cooking is Local water district, and the lowest rate is Deep
well.
INTERPRETATION:
The graph shows the water sources used for cooking of residence in Brgy. Mojon,
Malolos, Bulacan are 30.25% or 36 in total are Commercial, 65.65% or 78 are Local Water
District, 1.68% or 2 are the Water pump, 0.84% or 1 is Deep well, and 1.68% or 2 are Jetmatic
tanks.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, contaminants in water can
lead to adverse health effects, including gastrointestinal illness, reproductive problems, and
neurological disorders. Infants, young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people whose
immune systems are compromised because of AIDS, chemotherapy, or transplant medications
may be especially susceptible to illness from some contaminants.
118
RECOMMENDATION:
More enhancement of disease surveillance activities with laboratory support will help
define the disease better. It will support the development and implementation of policies to
minimize morbidity and mortality due to Water-related illness.
2.4.2.b.2 Drinking:

1 2 3 4 5
Commercial 19 22 17 24 19 101 84.17%
Local Water 4 2 6 1 3 16 13.33%

District
119
Jetmatic 1 0 1 1 0 3 2.50%
Tank
TOTAL 24 24 24 26 22 120 100%
Table 2.4.2.b.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Water Used for Drinking
Figure 2.4.2.b.2. Pie Chart According to the Water Used for Drinking in Purok 1, 2, 3,
ANALYSIS:
The table shows the Water supply for drinking in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
The highest percentage is Commercial, and the lowest rate is Jetmatic Tank.
INTERPRETATION:
The graph shows the water supply for drinking of residents in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan are 84.17% or 101 in total are Commercial, 13.33% or 16 are Local Water District, and
2.50% or 3 are Jetmatic Tanks.
120
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, most Filipino Families have access to
improved sources. Results of 2017 Water Quality Testing (WQT) and Annual Poverty Indicators
Survey, around 1,300 households sampled to test the quality of water that they drink in their
homes and the quality of their drinking water at the point source, shows almost one in every
three families only (34%) have their drinking water free from fecal contamination.(Lisa Grace s.
bersales, Ph.D. on 29 March, 2019) “Safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities are
essential to health and wellness in the communities. Safe water and sanitation are especially
linked to young children’s nutrition and ability to stay healthy and focused in school. Diseases
caused by unsafe or unhygienic practices decrease children’s chances of successful school
completion and healthy growth,” said UNICEF Philippines Representative Lotta Sylwander.
RECOMMENDATION:
Potability can be ensured using a variety of methods. necessitating proper treatment of
drinking water to remove disease-causing contaminants
2.4.2.b.3 Bathing/CR/Flushing:
Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok Purok Purok Frequency Percentage

1 3 4 5
121
Jetmatic 2 0 0 2 0 4 3.33%
Tank
Commercial 1 0 1 0 2 4 3.33%
Water Pump 1 2 1 0 0 4 3.33%

(Poso)
Deep Well 0 2 0 0 0 2 1.67%
Local Water 21 21 21 23 20 106 88.33%

District
TOTAL 25 25 23 25 22 120 100%
Table 2.4.2.b.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Water used for Bathing,
CR & Flushing in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.2.b.3. Pie Chart According to the Water used for Bathing, CR & Flushing in Purok
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, the most used water resource for bathing is the
Local Water District, and the least used is using Deep Well.
122
INTERPRETATION
As shown on the graph, 88.33% or 106 residents in Barangay Mojon are using the Local
Water District as their water source for bathing while 1.67% or 2 of the population is using Deep
Well as their water source for bathing.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
According to WHO, safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene are crucial to human
health and well-being. Safe WASH is a prerequisite to health, contributes to livelihoods, school
attendance, and dignity, and helps create resilient communities living in healthy environments.
According to APEC, in the modern world, almost everyone showers and bathes in water
that has been treated with chlorine. Chlorine is a valuable chemical that is used to sanitize tap
water. Unfortunately, it is also a toxic substance that immensely irritates human skin and lungs.
When you take a shower, the heat opens up your pores, and your skin absorbs chlorine from both
the water and the steam.
Pelican Water (2014) reported that the disinfection of public water supplies with chlorine
had decreased the incidence of waterborne illnesses; chemical byproducts are created when
chlorine and other disinfectants react with organic materials. “Long term exposure to these
chemicals may increase cancer risk.”
RECOMMENDATION
Conducting a seminar to the community to store one gallon of water per person per day
for at least three days for the chlorine to evaporate from the water or boil water for 15 minutes is
one way to release all the chlorine from tap water. At room temperature, chlorine gas weighs less
than air and evaporates without boiling. Heating water to a boil will speed up the chlorine
removal process.
2.4.2.c Potability (according to key informant):
123
1 2 3 5
Yes 8 15 16 11 4 54 45.76%
No 16 9 8 13 18 64 54.24%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.2.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Household Water Potability

Figure 2.4.2.c. Pie Chart According to the Household Water Potability in Purok 1, 2,
124
ANALYSIS
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, most of the residents said that the water
resource they are using is not potable.
INTERPRETATION
As shown on the graph, 54.24% or 64 of the residents in Barangay Mojon were saying
that the water resource they are using is not potable. In contrast, 45.76% or 54 of the population
said that the water resource is potable.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Water is a vital resource for human survival. Safe and readily available water is essential
for public health, whether used for drinking, domestic use, food production, or recreational
purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation and better water resources management can
boost countries’ economic growth and contribute significantly to poverty reduction.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the potable water crisis in most
developing countries creates staggering public health emergencies. WHO has continually
produced guidance on drinking-water quality management since 1958 when it published the
International standards for drinking water. In 2017, 71% of the global population (5.3 billion
people) used a safely managed drinking-water service, one located on-premises, available when
needed, and free from contamination. In 2019, 785 million people lacked even a basic drinking-
water service, including 144 million dependent on surface water.
RECOMMENDATION
Implement rainwater harvesting systems to collect and store rainwater for drinking or
recharging underground aquifers. Build wells to extract groundwater from underground aquifers.
Provide home water-treatment capability through the use of filters, solar disinfection, or
flocculants to make drinking water safe.
125
2.4.2.d Storage:
Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok Purok 4 Purok 5 Frequency Percentage

1 3
None (direct 16 15 14 12 15 72 54.96%
from the
faucet or
pipe)
Large 4 9 7 5 4 29 21.37%
covered
container
with faucet
Large 7 2 3 5 2 19 14.5%
covered
container
without
faucet
Large 1 3 3 1 1 9 6.87%
uncovered
container
with faucet
Large 0 0 1 1 0 2 1.53%
uncovered
container
without
faucet
TOTAL 28 29 28 24 22 131 100%
Table 2.4.2.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Water Storage in the House
126
Figure 2.4.2.d. Pie Chart according to the Water Storage in the House in Purok 1, 2, 3,
ANALYSIS
The table shows the water storage in Barangay in Mojon. Most households are not using
containers to store water, and the least is using a large uncovered container without a faucet.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that in Barangay Mojon, with the highest percentage of 54.96% or 72 of
the population is not using a container to store water, 22.14% or 29 of the population store water
using a large covered container with a faucet, 14.50% or 19 of the population store water using a
large covered container without faucet, 6.87% or 9 of the population store water using a large
uncovered container with a faucet, and the least percentage of 1.53% or 2 of the population store
water using a large uncovered container without faucet.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
127
According to Bae (2019), the potential health risks of household water storage conditions
and practices such as water cleaned last days. The type of container and the amount of water
stored could be associated with microbial regrowth, leading to potential health risks.
RECOMMENDATION
Conduct a seminar to the community about water treatment coagulation and filtration
processes to remove some microbial contaminants.
128
2.4.2.e Distance

1 2 3 4 5
More than 20 ft. 6 4 10 3 3 26 22.03%
Less than 20 ft. 18 20 14 21 19 92 77.97%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.2.e. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Distance of Source of

Water from the Toilet Facility of the House in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay
129
Figure 2.4.2.e. Pie Chart According to the Distance of Source of Water from the Toilet
Facility of the House in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS
The table shows that most residents in Barangay Mojon have their water line near or
inside their homes, but some do not have their own and fetch water away from their homes.
INTERPRETATION
The table represents the distance of the water source from the toilet facility of the house.
Out of 118 households, 77.97%, or 92 of them, said that it is less than 20 ft., while 22.03%, or 26
of them, said it is more than 20 ft.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Safe and readily available water is critical for public health, whether for drinking, home
use, food production, or recreation. Improved water supply and sanitation and better water
resources management can help countries thrive economically and reduce poverty. A poor water
supply can lead to acute infectious diarrhea, repetitive or chronic diarrhea episodes, and non-
diarrheal illness caused by chemical species like arsenic and fluoride. It can also harm one's
health by reducing productivity and personal cleanliness.
RECOMMENDATION
Human contact with sewage is a serious public health risk. Drinking water contaminated
with sewage can cause health problems such as diarrhea, nausea, cramps, dysentery, and
hepatitis. Exposure to sewer gases can also cause discomfort and illness. That is why the distance
recommended for a toilet facility should be at least 50 ft away from a well used for drinking
water to limit exposure to microbial contamination.
Better water distribution eliminates stagnant water or wastewater, which can harbor
insects bringing diseases. Women and children may no longer be required to carry water due to
130
improved water distribution. This gives you more free time to do things you enjoy, like
childcare, animal care, or vegetable gardening. Given the public health burden and costs to the
health system, health professionals should join others in calling for faster progress toward global
access to safe water.
2.4.3 Food storage/ Cooking Facilities

2.4.3.a Food Storage:

1 2 3 4 5
Covered 23 24 24 23 22 116 98.31%
Uncovered 1 0 0 1 0 2 1.69%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.3.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Frequency on Food Storage

of the Families in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
131
Figure 2.4.3.a. Pie Chart According to the Food Storage of the Families in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
ANALYSIS
The data shows that most of the families in Barangay Mojon cover the foods they store.
INTERPRETATION
The data represents the food storage of the families, and out of 118 families, 98.31%, or
116 of them, are covered, while 1.69%, or two families, were not.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Food-borne illnesses and infections caused by microorganisms can occur. For example,
in June 2009, two children and one adult were brought to a hospital in Dubai, UAE, with
suspected food poisoning symptoms of vomiting after eating take-out food while their father was
132
abroad. The mother recovered, but the two minor children died on arrival and the other the next
day. Saberi and Scott say no cause was found (2009). Bacteria may increase quickly in the hot
summer months. The public has recently been urged to avoid eating out at this time of year,
especially at smaller establishments where hygiene standards are sometimes lower. An
enterotoxin created by Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus from irresponsible ambient
temperature storage could have been involved in causing the deaths. Therefore, households must
be aware of safe food storage (Todd E.C.D., 2017)
Even if the families cover their food, it is still unknown how well they cover it.
Therefore, the buildup of microorganisms is a possibility.
RECOMMENDATION
Ensure that your food storage containers are clean and in good condition and that they are
solely used to store food. Cover them with tight-fitting lids, foil, or plastic film to prevent
contamination. Place the contents of open cans in appropriate containers.
2.4.3.b. Food Storage Facilities in the House:
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok 4 Purok 5 Frequency Percentage

1 2 3
Refrigerator 23 20 20 19 18 100 49.75%

Table 16 15 4 4 3 42 20.9%
Basket 8 2 6 3 1 20 9.95%
Cabinet 12 11 10 3 3 39 19.40%
133
TOTAL 59 48 40 29 25 201 100%
Table 2.4.3.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Food Storage Facilities in the
House in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.3.b. Pie Chart According to the Food Storage Facilities in the House in Purok 1, 2,
ANALYSIS
The families in the community mainly use refrigerators to store perishables.
INTERPRETATION
The table depicts how families keep their perishables from spoiling. Of 201 respondents,
49.75%, or 100 of the population, answered that they use a refrigerator for keeping their food
and other perishables. 20.9%, or 42 of them, said they put their food on a table, 19.40%, or 39
respondents, said it was on a cabinet, and 9.95%, or 20 respondents, said it was in baskets.
134
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Proper food storage preserves the quality and nutritional content of the foods you buy and
allows you to get all your money's worth by preventing spoilage. Furthermore, proper food
storage can help prevent hazardous microorganisms from causing foodborne illnesses.
RECOMMENDATION
To reduce the food safety risk at home, education and communication campaigns remain
the best tools to address vulnerable consumers in Barangay Mojon. They must follow proper
temperature, handling, and storage to ensure appropriate food preservation.
2.4.3.c Cooking Facility

1 3 4 5
Gas stove 22 22 22 21 22 109 78.42%
135
Electric stove 9 8 4 6 0 27 19.42%
Firewood/ 2 0 0 1 0 3 2.16%
charcoal
TOTAL 33 30 26 28 22 139 100%
Table 2.4.3.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Cooking Facilities in the House in
Figure 2.4.3.c. Pie Chart According to the Cooking Facilities in the House in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
ANALYSIS
The data shows that the majority of the population of Brgy. Mojon uses a gas stove to
cook.
INTERPRETATION
136
The graph shows that 78.42% or 109 households use a gas stove for cooking, 19.42% or
27 households use an electric stove, and 2.16% or 3 households use firewood/charcoal.
Respondents are allowed to choose multiple responses for this question.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
According to Singer (2013), cooking food on any stove produces particulate pollutants,
burning gas produces nitrogen dioxide, NO2, and sometimes carbon monoxide. Moreover,
indoor air quality can decrease without proper ventilation and cause health problems. On the
other hand, electric stoves are more environmentally friendly. Air pollution is cut down by using
an electric stove. Electric stoves are generally not bad for the health. An article by Energypedia
stated that “the burning of firewood continues to harm health due to high emissions, such as
respiratory and heart diseases, lung cancer, and eye irritations.”
RECOMMENDATION
The article published in New York Times stated that gas stoves emit nitrogen dioxide, an
air pollutant that can cause respiratory infection and chronic diseases, especially with poorly
ventilated homes; hence, it is recommended to establish a well-ventilated kitchen to minimize the
risk of inhaling air pollutants.
2.4.3.d. Sanitary condition
137
Criteria Purok 1 Purok Purok Purok Purok 5 Frequenc Percentage
2 3 4 y
Clean 23 23 24 23 22 115 97.46%
Dirty 1 1 0 1 0 3 2.54%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.3.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Sanitary Condition in Purok 1, 2,

Figure 2.4.3.d Pie Chart According to the Sanitary Condition in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
138
ANALYSIS
The majority of the households in the community generally have a clean, sanitary
condition of their kitchens.
INTERPRETATION
The table and graph above show that 97.46% or 115 residents of Barangay Mojon
generally have clean kitchens, while 2.54% or 3 residents have dirty kitchens.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
An article issued by UNICEF entitled “The Impact of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on
Key Health and Social Outcomes,” written by Mills and Cumming (2016), stated that poor food
hygienic practices increase the risk of microbial contamination of food, and children are more
susceptible to acquire and develop illnesses. According to WHO (2019), poor sanitary practices
and environment are related to the transmission of diseases caused by infectious pathogens like
Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella link, and others which are the common causative
bacteria for cholera, diarrhea, hepatitis A and typhoid fever.
RECOMMENDATION
Maintaining a clean, sanitary kitchen condition will help the family prevent food
contamination from pathogens that might cause different diseases that can affect the community
in terms of transmission for infectious cases.
139
2.4.4 Waste Disposal:
2.4.4.a Refuse and Garbage
2.4.4.a.1 Storage:
Criteria Purok 1 Purok Purok Purok 4 Purok Frequenc Percentage

2 3 5 y
Container 24 20 23 23 22 112 94.92%
None 0 4 1 1 0 6 5.08%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.4.a.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Waste disposal in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

140
Figure 2.4.4.a.1 Pie Chart according to the Waste disposal in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
ANALYSIS
Almost all of the households in Barangay Mojon have a garbage container.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows whether the respondents use a garbage container or not. 94.92% or 112
respondents have containers for waste disposal, whereas 5.08% or six respondents don’t have
containers.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Improper waste disposal poses many risks not only to our health but also to the
environment. Some of the effects of poor waste management on the environment include soil
contamination, water contamination, air contamination, climate change, animal and marine life,
and human damage. An article by Metropolitan Transfer Station (2017) stated that, “those
landfill gases have been exposed for causing cancer, create respiratory and visibility problems,
and the explosion of cans put people nearby at constant risk.”
RECOMMENDATION
Composting food waste is one good way to discard waste. Recyclable materials such as
paper, cardboard, and other wood-based products can be easily recycled by soaking them in
water for several hours and repressing the pulp made. Plastics are harder to recycle because it is
costly to transform into other plastics chemically. However, there are government policies
nowadays mainly about plastic collection. An example is transforming plastic bottles into school
chairs.
141
2.4.4.a.2 Waste Segregation

1 2 3 4 5
Practiced 18 18 18 11 15 80 67.80%
Not 6 6 6 13 7 38 32.30%
Practiced
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.4.a.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Practicing and Not
Practicing Waste Segregation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
142
Figure 2.4.4.a.2 Pie Chart According to Waste Segregation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of
ANALYSIS
The majority of respondents from Barangay Mojon practice waste segregation, while the
remaining respondents stated that they do not practice segregating their wastes.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 67.80% or a total of 80 respondents from Barangay Mojon have
been practicing segregating their wastes. The remaining 32.30% or 38 respondents are not
practicing the segregation of waste.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Practicing waste segregation helps the environment to have cleaner air, improves the
source of water, and is also beneficial to the health of the people in the community. In addition,
hazardous wastes can create long-term health problems, so they must be disposed of safely and
adequately, rather than being mixed in with your regular garbage.
RECOMMENDATION
There should be rules and regulations in the community regarding proper garbage
disposal. Programs such as recycling and reusing certain things that some people consider as
garbage should be made
143
2.4.4.a.2.1 If practiced, method of disposal:

1 2 3 5
Collected 15 15 15 10 14 69 62.73%
Open burning 6 4 3 2 1 16 14.55%
Composting 6 3 2 2 2 15 13.64%
Burial in a pit 2 0 1 3 0 6 5.45%
Open dumping 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.9%
Hog-feeding 0 0 0 3 0 3 2.73%
TOTAL 29 23 21 20 17 110 100%
144
Table 2.4.4.a.2.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Method of Disposal if
practiced in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.4.a.2 .1 Pie Chart According to Method of Disposal if practiced

ANALYSIS
The table shows that more than half of the respondents have their garbage collected as
their disposal method.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 62.73% or 69 respondents from Barangay Mojon have their
garbage collected.14.55% or an equivalent of 16 respondents stated that the disposal method they
are practicing is open burning. 14.64% or an equivalent of 15 respondents has been composting
their garbage as a disposal method. 5.45% or a total of 6 respondents have been practicing the
145
burial in pit method of disposal. 2.73% or an equivalent of 3 respondents have stated that hog-
feeding is their method of disposing of their garbage. The remaining 0.9% or a total of 1
respondent has been using the open dumping disposal method.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Improper waste disposal can result in different types of infectious and chronic diseases. It
also has negative ramifications. If you don’t dispose of your waste properly, it will pollute the
environment and facilitate greenhouse gas production.
RECOMMENDATION
There should be a seminar on the constituents regarding the advantages and
disadvantages of waste management or disposal, wherein people will be taught about recycling
and reusing the trash or what should be considered as waste and not.
2.4.4.a.2.2 Reason for practicing:
Criteria Purok 1 Purok Purok Purok Purok Frequency Percentage

2 3 4 5
Environmental
friendly 11 12 12 8 5 48 51.61%
146
Barangay
ordinance 13 8 6 7 7 41 44.09%
which is strictly
monitored
Use for business 0 0 1 2 1 4 4.30%
TOTAL 24 20 19 17 13 93 100%
Table 2.4.4.a.2.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Practicing
Waste Segregation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.4.a.2.2 Pie Chart According to Reason for Practicing in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

ANALYSIS
147
The table shows that more than half of the respondents' reason for practicing waste
segregation is the environment.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 51.61% of 48 respondents chose to practice waste segregation
because it is environmentally friendly. The 44.09% or the 41 respondents practice waste
segregation due to the barangay ordinance, which is effective. Waste segregation, with the least
percentage of 4.30% of the four respondents, is used for business.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
According to Gutberlet (2017), liquid and solid waste management practices in informal
urban settlements can pose significant risks to the environment and human health.
RECOMMENDATION
The barangay ordinance of waste segregation has been effective to the constituents of the
Barangay Mojon. Therefore, it should be continued and improved for all members to follow.
148
2.4.4.a.2.3 If not practiced, method of disposal:
Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok Purok Purok 5 Frequency Percentage

1 3 4
Collected 4 4 5 11 4 28 58.33%
Burial in a pit 1 1 1 1 1 5 10.42%

Open 2 1 0 1 2 4 8.33%
dumping
Hog-feeding 1 0 1 2 4 8.33%
Open burning 0 0 2 1 2 4 8.33%
Composting 0 0 1 0 2 3 6.25%
TOTAL 8 6 10 16 11 48 100%
Table 2.4.4.a.2.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Method of Disposal if
Not Practiced in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
149
Figure 2.4.4.a.2.3 Pie Chart According to Method of Disposal if not practiced in Purok
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS
The table and the graph show the method for not practicing waste disposal in Barangay
Mojon.
INTERPRETATION
The table shows the method of disposal if not practiced. As shown in the table, 59.33% or
28 households in the community said that their method of not practice disposal is collected. Also,
10.42% or 5 households in the community said that their method of not practicing disposal is a
burial in a pit. In comparison, 8.33% or 4 households in the community are not practicing open
dumping, hog feeding, and open burning for a method of disposal. Lastly, 6.25% or 3 households
in the community said that their disposal method is composting.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Waste that is not adequately managed, especially excreta and other liquid and solid waste
from households and the community, is a severe health hazard and spreads infectious diseases.
Unattended waste lying around attracts flies, rats, and other creatures that spread disease.
Typically it is the wet waste that decomposes and releases a foul odor. This leads to unhygienic
conditions and a rise in health problems.
RECOMMENDATION
The government or even the lowest officer in the barangay should tighten the ordinance
for waste disposal in their community, especially collecting the waste every week. The
government should have a schedule to collect the waste in every purok. And also, the
government can conduct seminars or training to teach every household about proper waste
segregation and disposal, the disadvantage of not practicing adequate disposal. Also, to inform
them that there is another way to dispose of their waste like composting of biodegradable
materials, hog feeding, etc., and tell them the schedule for collecting their waste receptacles.
150
2.4.4.a.2.4 Reason for not practicing:

1 2 3 4 5
Long-time 3 5 4 6 2 20 47.62%
practice of
family
No time to do it 4 1 2 5 5 17 40.48%
No barangay/ 1 1 0 2 1 5 11.9%
municipality
ordinance
TOTAL 8 7 6 13 8 42 100%
Table 2.4.4.a.2.4 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Not Practicing
Waste Segregation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
151
Figure 2.4.4.a.2.4 Pie Chart According to Reason for Not Practicing in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4
ANALYSIS
The table and the graph show the reason for not practicing the disposal method in
Barangay Mojon.
INTERPRETATION
The table shows the reason for not practicing the method of disposal. As shown in the
table, 47.62% or 20 households in the community said that it’s long- time practice of family. In
contrast, 40.48% or 17 households in the community said that they don’t have time to do it.
Lastly, 11.90% or 5 households say that the reason for not practicing the disposal method is
because the barangay has no ordinance about waste disposal.
152
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Waste that is not adequately managed, especially excreta and other liquid and solid waste
from households and the community, is a severe health hazard and spreads infectious diseases.
Unattended waste lying around attracts flies, rats, and other creatures that spread disease.
Typically it is the wet waste that decomposes and releases a foul odor. This leads to unhygienic
conditions and a rise in health problems.
RECOMMENDATION
The government or even the lowest officer in the barangay should tighten the ordinance
for waste disposal in their community, especially collecting the waste every week. The
government should have a schedule to collect the waste in every purok. And also, the
government can conduct a seminar to inform the community of the importance of proper waste
segregation or disposal.
2.4.4.b Toilet Facilities

2.4.4.b.1 Ownership:
Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok Purok 4 Purok Frequency Percentage

1 3 5
Owned 24 24 23 24 21 116 98.31%
153
Shared/ 0 0 1 0 1 2 1.69%
Public
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.4.b.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Ownership of Toilet

Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.4.b.1 Pie Chart According to Ownership of Toilet Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3,

4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS
The table and the graph show the owners of their toilet facilities in Barangay Mojon.
154
INTERPRETATION
The table shows that there is the owner of their toilet facilities. As shown in the table,
98.31% or 116 households in the community said that they have their toilet facilities. While
1.69% or two households in the community said they don’t have their toilet facilities.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Without proper sanitation facilities, waste from infected individuals can contaminate a
community’s land and water, increasing the risk of infection for other individuals. Proper waste
disposal can slow the infection cycle of many disease-causing agents, and also having their own
toilet facilities provide privacy for the family.
RECOMMENDATION
According to CDC 2015, Proper sanitation facilities, for example, toilets and latrines,
promote health because they allow people to dispose of their waste correctly. The government or
even the lowest officer in the barangay should encourage the two households to have their toilet
facilities. And discuss to them the importance of having their toilet.
155
2.4.4.b.2. Type:

1 2 3 4 5
Flush 11 14 18 10 16 69 58.47%
Type
Pail 13 10 2 9 4 38 32.20%
System
Antipolo 0 0 0 2 0 2 1.69%
Type
Bored- 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.85%
hole
latrine
Water- 0 0 0 3 1 4 3.39%
sealed
Closed pit 0 0 4 0 0 4 3.39%
privy
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.4.b.2. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Type of Toilet Facilities in

Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
156
Figure 2.4.4.b.2. Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Type of Toilet Facilities in
ANALYSIS
The table shows that more than half of the families in Purok 1,2,3,4, and 5 of Barangay
Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan use a flush-type toilet, and the least type of toilet facility used is the
Bored-hole latrine.
INTERPRETATION
As shown on the graph, 58.47% or 69 of the population answered that they use Flush type
toilet, 32.20% or 38 of the people responded that they use a pail system, 3. 39% or 4 of the
population answered that they use Water sealed. Another 3.39% or 4 of the population answered
closed pit privy type, 1.69% or 2 of the population use Antipolo type toilet, lastly 0.85% or 1 of
the population answered a Bored hole latrine type of toilet.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Toilets are crucial for people's healthy development, not to mention children. So is
sanitation – facilities and services for safe disposal of human urine and feces include maintaining
hygiene through garbage collection and wastewater disposal. The overall purpose of good
sanitation is to provide a healthy living environment for everyone, protect natural resources such
as surface water, groundwater, and soil, and provide safety, security, and dignity for people when
they defecate or urinate.
RECOMMENDATION
Proper sanitation facilities (toilets and latrines) promote health because they allow people
to dispose of their waste appropriately. Many people do not have access to suitable sanitation
facilities throughout the developing world, resulting in improper waste disposal.
157
2.4.4.b.3. Location from Source of Water:

1 3 4 5
20 ft. 3 4 13 6 17 43 36.44%
beyond
Less than 21 20 11 18 5 75 63.56%
20 ft.
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.4.b.3. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Location from Source of

Water of Toilet Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
158
Figure 2.4.4.b.3. Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Location from Source of
Bulacan
ANALYSIS
The table shows that more than half of the population of Barangay Mojon’s source of
water is less than 20ft in the distance. Other respondents said that their water source in toilet
facilities is more than 20ft.
INTERPRETATION
As shown in the table, 63.56% or 75 of the population answered that the water source in
toilet facilities is less than 20ft in the distance. In comparison, 36.44% or 43 of the population
answered that the water source in toilet facilities is more than 20 ft.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
The distance from the source of water is too far. People might get into accidents while
carrying water.
RECOMMENDATION
Implement rainwater harvesting systems to collect and store rainwater for drinking or
recharging underground aquifers. Build wells to extract groundwater from underground aquifers.
Provide home water-treatment capability through the use of filters, solar disinfection, or
flocculants to make drinking water safe. (Rotary service in action)
159
2.4.4.b.4. Sanitary Condition:

1 2 3 4 5
Generally 23 24 24 23 22 116 98.31%
Clean
Dirty 1 0 0 1 0 2 1.69%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 2.4.4.b.4. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Sanitary Condition of Water of
Toilet Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
160
Figure 2.4.4.b.4. Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Sanitary Condition of
Bulacan
ANALYSIS
The graph shows that most respondents answered that their toilet facilities are generally
clean, and some answered that their toilet facility is dirty.
INTERPRETATION
As shown in the table, 98.31% or 116 of the population answered that their toilet facility
is generally clean, while 1.69 % or 2 of the population answered that their toilet facility is dirty.
161
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Absence of basic sanitation facilities can:
● This results in an unhealthy environment contaminated by human waste. Without proper

sanitation facilities, waste from infected individuals can contaminate a community’s land
and water, increasing the risk of infection for other individuals. Proper waste disposal can
slow the infection cycle of many disease-causing agents.
● Contribute to the spread of many diseases/conditions that can cause widespread illness
and death. Without proper sanitation facilities, people often have no choice but to live in
and drink water from an environment contaminated with waste from infected individuals,
thereby putting themselves at risk for future infection. Inadequate waste disposal drives
the infection cycle of many agents spread through contaminated soil, food, water, and
insects such as flies.
RECOMMENDATION
Here are some recommended tips on how to maintain the cleanliness of the toilet facilities in the
house.
1. Shut the lid before flushing- closing the lid before flushing will prevent dirty
particles or microorganisms from dispersing.
2. Keep toilet seats clean - cleaning the toilet seats before and after using it is not
only courtesy to the next user but also to maintain the cleanliness of the toilet
bowl.
3. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before stepping out- washing hands
to prevent microorganism and bacterias from spreading.
4. Dry hands before stepping out- to leave hygienic and prevent bacterias.
5. Keep the floor dry - keeping it dry will prevent bacterias from growing.
2.4.4.c. Drainage System:

1 2 3 4 5
162
Blind 9 12 17 14 13 65 55.08%
drainage
Open 14 10 7 7 8 46 38.98%
drainage
None 1 2 0 3 1 7 5.93%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.4.c. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Drainage System in Purok

Figure 2.4.4.c. Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Drainage System in Purok 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS:
163
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon Malolos, Bulacan, the highest percentage of
drainage systems are blind drainage, and the lowest rate is none.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, the drainage system of residence in Barangay Mojon Malolos,
Bulacan are 55.08% or 65 in total are blind drainage, 38.98% or 46 in total are open drainages,
5.93% or 7 in total are none.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
If the open drains are left unchecked, they become a health hazard to the neighboring
population as they become a breeding ground for disease-causing parasites and other
microorganisms. And when the rainy season begins, the open drains can rapidly spread water-
borne diseases and infections (Rinkesh, 2020).
RECOMMENDATION:
Ensure that the water flow of such open drains is not obstructed. Such open drains are
frequently clogged because adjacent homeowners sometimes throw their everyday waste in
them, hindering the free passage of the drain water. Ensure that the drain water flows freely so
that insects do not breed in it. Make people or residents aware that rubbish should not be thrown
into the drainage system, which can clog it up. Only treated wastewater should go down the
drain. While the municipal corporation is responsible for treating the drain water, residents can
pool their time and effort to treat it themselves or file an official request with the appropriate
municipal corporation.
164
2.4.4.c.1. Condition:

1 2 3 4 5
Flowing 21 20 21 19 18 99 83.90%
Stagnant 2 2 3 2 3 12 10.17%
None 1 2 0 3 1 7 5.93%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.4.c.1. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Condition of Drainage
System in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.4.c.1. Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Condition of Drainage

System in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
165
ANALYSIS:
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon Malolos, Bulacan, the highest percentage of the
condition of the drainage system is flowing, and the lowest rate are none.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, the condition of the drainage system among the residents in
Barangay Mojon Malolos, Bulacan is 83.90% or 99 in total are flowing, 10.17% or 12 in total are
stagnant, 5.93% or 7 in total are none.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Stagnant drainage systems can be breeding sites of vectors of diseases like mosquitoes.
This can cause vector-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria. Moreover, this can attract
rodents. Rodents destroy property, spread disease, and compete for human food sources (CDC).
Disease vectors and pests can threaten the health of the household. It is important that stagnation
is prevented.
RECOMMENDATION:
Preventing stagnant water is vital to avoid households being inundated with rats or
insects. Check drains regularly for blockages or poor performance. Make sure to regularly clean
drainages. In addition, check and clean gutters frequently. Ensure that all drainage systems are
free-flowing to prevent water stagnation and eliminate possible breeding sites.
166
2.4.5 Presence of Animals with Rabies
Purok Purok
Criteria Purok 1 2 3 Purok 4 Purok 5 Frequency Percentage
Mayroon 19 17 15 14 10 75 63.56%
Wala 5 7 9 10 12 43 36.44%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.5 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Presence of Animal with

Rabies in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
167
Figure 2.4.5 Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Presence of Animal with Rabies
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS:
The table shows the presence of animals with rabies in Barangay Mojon Malolos,
Bulacan.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph, 63.56% or 75 in total are yes, while 36.44% or 43 in total are
none.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
The rabies virus is present in the infected animal's saliva and is spread to humans or other
animals when the saliva gets into the body through a bite or scratch or contact with the eyes,
nose, or mouth. The risk of getting rabies is more significant if a person is bitten multiple times
by an infected animal or if the bites are on the head, neck, or torso. Anyone with a potential
rabies exposure should seek medical care; although not everyone exposed to rabies gets sick,
almost everyone who gets sick from rabies dies (Brown & DeMaria, 2021).
RECOMMENDATION:
The community may have a program about rabies prevention and control to help the
residents in the community to be aware of their pets. They can also provide information on
taking care of their pets by putting them in a cage or on a leash and teaching them some good
behavior to familiarize them with people.
168
2.4.5.a Kinds of Animals Raised
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok 5 Frequency Percentage

1 2 3 4
Dog 20 17 12 15 8 72 77.42%
Cat 5 2 3 5 6 21 22.58%
TOTAL 25 19 15 20 14 93 100%
Table 2.4.5.a. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Kind of Animals Raised in

169
Figure 2.4.5.a Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Kind of Animals Raised in
ANALYSIS
The table shows the kind of animals raised per household in Barangay Mojon.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 77.42 % or 72 households have pet dogs, while 22.58 % or 21
households have pet cats.
2.4.5.a.1 Total Population of Animals

Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency Percentage
Dog 63 46 32 38 19 198 76.15%
Cat 12 6 14 10 20 62 23.85%
TOTAL 75 52 46 48 39 260 100%
170
Table 2.4.5.a. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Total Population of
Animals in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.5.a. Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Total Population of Animals
ANALYSIS
The table shows the total population of animals in Barangay Mojon.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 76.15% are pet dogs, while 23.85 % are pet cats. One hundred
ninety-eight are dogs, while 62 are cats. The number of animals/pets in 551 families in the
community is 260.
171
2.4.5.a.2 Animals are kept in (Household)

Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency Percentage
172
Inside the
Yard 18 15 9 19 13 74 79.57%
Free
Outside 7 4 6 1 1 19 20.43%
TOTAL 25 19 15 20 14 93 100%
Table 2.4.5.a.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Animals are kept: in

Figure 2.4.5.a.2 Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Animals are kept: in Purok
ANALYSIS
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, most animals stay inside their yard.
173
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 79.57 % of respondents stated that their pets stayed inside the yard,
while 20.43 % of respondents indicated that their pets are free outside.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
There are potential dangers of leaving pets free outside the yard. Animals such as cats are
very territorial and not too friendly when pregnant. This could lead to fights with other animals
that could also cause harm to the owner when breaking up the fight, such as lacerations, bites,
scratches, and transmission of diseases. Animals can also catch diseases and spread them to other
animals and/or humans. Lastly, animals can cause vehicular accidents when not supervised.
(CCSPCA, 2020)
RECOMMENDATION
The community can reduce the risks by not allowing their pets outside and keeping them
under close supervision in their houses. However, because 20.43 percent of respondents in the
graph qualify their pets out, it is still necessary to supervise their safety. Put them on a leash at
night and watch them in the morning, or give them a house or a cage to rest in.
174
2.4.5.a.3 Animals are kept in (Total - Multiple):
Animals Inside the Yard Free Outside Frequency
Dog 159 39 198
Cat 47 15 62
TOTAL 206 54 260
Percentage 79.23% 20.77% 100%
Table 2.4.5.a.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Animals are kept:(Total-

Multiple) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.5.a.3 Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Animals are kept:(Total-Multiple)
175
ANALYSIS
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, most animals stay inside their yard.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 79.23% stay inside the yard, while 20.77% are free outside, 198 are
dogs, and 612 are cats. The number of animals that stay inside the yard is 206, while the total
number of animals is 260.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
There are potential dangers of leaving pets free outside the yard. Animals such as cats are
very territorial and not too friendly when pregnant. This could lead to fights with other animals
that could also cause harm to the owner when breaking up the fight, such as lacerations, bites,
scratches, and transmission of diseases. Animals can also catch diseases and spread them to other
animals and/or humans. Lastly, animals can cause vehicular accidents when not supervised.
(CCSPCA, 2020)
RECOMMENDATION
The community can reduce the risks by not allowing their pets outside and keeping them
under close supervision in their houses. However, because 20.43 percent of respondents in the
graph qualify their pets out, it is still necessary to supervise their safety. Put them on a leash at
night and watch them in the morning, or give them a house or a cage to rest in.
176
2.4.5.a.4 Animal Vaccination Status (Total):
Kind With regular Without Number
vaccination vaccination
Dog 130 68 198
Cat 22 40 62
TOTAL 152 108 260
PERCENTAGE 58.46% 41.54% 100%
Table 2.4.5.a.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Animal Vaccination Status
(total) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
177
Figure 2.4.5.a.4 Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Animal Vaccination Status
(total) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, most animals are regularly vaccinated.
INTERPRETATION
The graph shows that 58.46% are animals with regular vaccination, while 41.54% are
animals without vaccination. The number of animals/pets in 551 families in the community is
260.
178
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Vaccinations prevent many pet illnesses and help avoid costly treatments for diseases that
can be prevented. Vaccinations prevent diseases that can be passed between animals and also
animals to people.
RECOMMENDATION
Vaccination has long been an effective way to reduce the disease burden in pets and farm
animals and is vital in maintaining animal health and welfare. Vaccines play an increasingly vital
role in animal preventative health and disease control programs. Innovative research and the
development of safe, effective, and quality vaccines means that our pets and farm animals
continue to benefit from vital medicines that prevent or alleviate clinical signs of disease.
2.4.5.b Practices measure done to control insects/vectors of diseases (Multiple Answers):

1 2 3 4 5
Cleaning the 18 14 17 16 16 81 35.8%
yard
Setting traps 6 10 6 3 4 29 12.83%
Insecticides 17 20 18 21 16 92 40.71%
Fumigation 13 3 1 1 3 21 9.29%
179
None 0 2 0 0 1 3 1.33%
TOTAL 54 49 42 41 39 226 100%
Table 2.4.5.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Practices Measure done to
Control insects/vectors of Diseases (Multiple Answers) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of
Figure 2.4.5.b Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Practices Measure done to
Control insects/vectors of Diseases (Multiple Answers) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of
ANALYSIS
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, the most used practice to control insects/vectors
of diseases is Insecticides.
INTERPRETATION
180
The graph shows that 40.71% or 92 population of Barangay Mojon are using insecticides,
while 35.84% or 81 is cleaning the yard to control the insects/vector of diseases and the others
are 12.83% or 29 is using setting traps, for the lowest percentage is 9.29% or 21 is using
fumigation and 1.33% or 3 is None.
HEALTH IMPLICATION
Pest control protects from harmful insects that can cause public issues, and also pest
management is involved with the safety of our health and our foods. The purpose of removing
any pest from your home, garage, or yard is to keep all safe and healthy.
RECOMMENDATION
Proper sanitation helps prevent and suppress some pass by removing the pests themselves
or their sources of food and shelter. It can reduce urban and industrial problems by improving
cleanliness, eliminating pest harborage, and increasing the frequency of garbage pickup. Good
manure management practices enhance the management of pests attacking domestic animals.
2.4.5.c Presence of breeding sites (for observation):

1 2 3 4 5
181
No 12 5 6 15 15 53 44.92%
Yes 12 19 18 9 7 65 55.08%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.5.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of PreThsence of breeding sites

(for observation) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 2.4.5.c Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Presence of breeding sites (for
observation) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
ANALYSIS
182
households has the presence of breeding sites.
INTERPRETATION:
As shown on the graph for Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan,. 55.08% or 65 in a total
of the respondents answered yes for breeding sites, while 44.92% or 53 answered no.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Breeding sites are places where animals tend to breed and produce offspring. They
usually lay their eggs on walls of water-filled containers in the house. According to the County
of Los Angeles Department of Public Health Acute Communicable Disease Control, vector-
borne diseases can be acquired or diseases transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, including
mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas to the people living in the same household with the presence of it. A
few examples of vector-borne diseases common in the Philippines are Dengue and Malaria.
RECOMMENDATION:
To reduce the presence of the breeding sites in the community, there can be a provision
of evidence-based guidelines on how to control the vectors and protect people against the
infection (WHO, 2020). Times of India (2018) suggested that households improve their water
storage and sanitation by not letting the water stagnate. They can keep the water container
covered and clear out any stagnant water. The community should also clear out the litter and
avoid debris, particularly in the garden, compound, and yard.
183
2.4.6 Housing Congestion (for observation):

1 2 3 4 5
Yes 18 18 22 17 19 94 79.66%
No 6 6 2 7 3 24 20.34%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.6 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Housing Congestion (for

Figure 2.4.6 Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Housing Congestion (for
184
ANALYSIS
households experiences housing congestion.
INTERPRETATION:
of the respondents experience housing congestion, while 44.92% or 53 in total do not experience
it.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
According to the World Health Organization, housing congestion is a condition where
there is crowding in a household, or the number of family members exceeds the capacity of the
space in the house. It can deliver stress to the health and well-being of the family members.
Numerous studies have been reported that there is a direct relationship between overcrowding
and health outcomes. Crowded housing contributes to an increased risk of exposure to infectious
diseases and mental health problems. The Environmental Health Intelligence New Zealand
emphasizes the different health effects of housing congestion, including upper and lower tract
respiratory infections, meningococcal diseases, gastroenteritis, Hib disease, Hepatitis A,
Helicobacter pylori infection, and tuberculosis.
RECOMMENDATION:
According to the World Health Organization, strategies should be developed and
implemented to avoid and decrease housing congestion in households. The community can
coordinate with the LGU to develop plans to reduce housing congestion.
185
2.4.7 Presence of Industrial establishment/factory/ies (for observation):
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok Bilang Porsyento
1 2 3 4 5
No 18 18 20 15 18 89 75.42%
Yes 6 6 4 9 4 29 24.58%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 2.4.7 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Presence of Industrial

establishment/factory/ies (for observation) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay
186
Figure 2.4.7 Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Presence of Industrial
establishment/factory/ies (for observation) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay
ANALYSIS
households are far from industrial establishments or factories that can cause harm to their health.
INTERPRETATION:
of the respondents answered no, which indicates that they are far from the industrial
establishments or factories in the community. In comparison, only 24.58% or 29 in total
answered yes.
HEALTH IMPLICATION:
Being exposed to industrial establishments and factories can lead to harmful effects on
the environment and our health. The amount of the toxic gases that the factories release and are
being thrown into the landfills every day combined with the automobiles and the illegal dumping
of toxins in the waterways create a significant factor for air, water, and soil pollution. By it, vast
quantities of pollutants emitted in the air can cause compensation to people’s health as they can
contribute to increased risks of developing chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (Field
Org UK, 2018). According to Frontiers in Public Health (2020), short-term exposure to air
pollutants can most likely lead to COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), cough,
shortness of breath, wheezing, asthma, respiratory disease, and high rates of hospitalization. At
187
the same time, long-term effects associated with pollutants can cause chronic asthma, pulmonary
insufficiency, cardiovascular diseases, and cardiovascular mortality.
RECOMMENDATION:
Coordination to the industrial establishments into meeting the requirements on reducing
the pollution into the community. Factories can optimize operations such as providing more
energy-efficient operations. They can also employ abatement mechanisms to help destroy the
pollutants before they enter the environment. There are several techniques for reducing them to
harmless compounds, including thermal oxidizers (CMM, 2021).
HEALTH AND ILLNESS

PATTERN
188
Lifestyle Practices
189
3.1.1 Use of Safety Devices When Necessary
PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK PERCENTAG

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Practiced 24 22 24 22 22 114 96.61%
Not
0 2 0 2 0 4 3.39%
Practiced
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.1.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Number of Households that Use
Safety Devices When Necessary in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
190
Figure 3.1.1 Pie Chart According to Households that Use Safety Devices When Necessary
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that most of the households in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos City, Bulacan are
using safety devices when they are necessary.
Interpretation
As shown in the graph, 96.91% of the total households or 114 out of 118 households in
Brgy. Mojon are using safety devices when needed and only 3.39% or 4 households do not use
safety devices when necessary.
Health Implications
According to the National Safety Council, around 173,040 people died last 2019 because
of preventable injury and it mostly occurs at home and in the community.
191
An example of a safety device are helmets and seatbelts. They are used in vehicles to
protect someone from injury and even death. According to the World Health Organization, many
people around the world die due to motorcycle collisions and they have one common
denominator. The rider or the passenger are not wearing a helmet.
Wearing a face mask is also a safety equipment during this time of the pandemic. And
according to the Department of Health, the transmission rate of the COVID-19 is reduced by
85% when wearing a facemask.
Recommendations
Strict implementation of ordinance and policies in the community. For example,

according to the Department of Health, if there is strict implementation of the restrictions and
compliance of the community in the health protocols, COVID-19 cases may continue to decline.
To prevent road and vehicular injuries, it is recommended to use safety devices such as
helmet and seat belts as they are proven to be effective in keeping the passenger away from life-
threatening situations. According to DOH, wearing a helmet is the single most effective way of
reducing head injuries and fatalities resulting from motorcycle and bicycle crashes.
3.1.2 Family Member That Smokes Cigarette

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Yes 8 7 9 5 7 36 30.51%
None 16 17 15 19 15 82 69.49%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.1.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Family Member That Smokes
Cigarette in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
192
Figure 3.1.2 Pie Chart According to Family Member That Smokes Cigarette in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5
Analysis
Majority of families in the community do not have a family member who smokes, there
are 82 families that answered that they are non- smokers.
Interpretation
The graph shows that out of 118 families in the community, 69.49% answered there is no
one in the family who smokes while 30.51% of them answered that they have a family member
who smokes.
Health Implications
193
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), smoking can cause
harm to every organ of our body, can cause disease and eventually reduce the health of the
smoker. In addition to that, having a family member who smokes makes the other family
members at risk for secondhand smoking. Secondhand smoke causes stroke, lung cancer, and
coronary heart disease in adults. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased
risk for sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, middle ear disease, more
severe asthma, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth.
In conclusion, smoking will not only affect the smoker badly but also their families as
well. Having a family member who smokes will put every health of their family at risk for
acquiring the same diseases that a person may get when smoking.
Recommendations
The researchers must conduct a community health teaching about the risks and
management of smoking. Then if the smoker cannot stop smoking immediately advise them to
smoke only when there are no people around and when they are not home, this is to avoid the
risk of secondhand smoking.
3.1.2.a Total Number of Cigarette Smokers in the Community

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Smoking 9 7 11 6 8 41 7.44%
Not
100 110 110 95 95 510 92.56%
Smoking
TOTAL 109 117 121 101 103 551 100%

Table 3.1.2.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Total Number of Cigarette
Smokers in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
194
Figure
3.1.2.a Pie Chart According to Total Number of Cigarette Smokers in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5
Analysis
Among the 118 families in the community there are a total of 510 individuals who are
non- smokers.
Interpretation
The graph shows that out of 551 individuals in the community, 92.56% are individuals
who are non- smokers while 7.44% of the population are smokers.
3.1.2.b Number of Sticks or Packs of Cigarette Consumed per Day
195
CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
1 stick 0 1 1 0 1 3 7.32%
2 sticks 0 0 2 0 2 4 9.67%
3 sticks 0 0 0 1 2 3 7.32%
4 sticks 0 2 0 0 0 2 4.87%
5 sticks 4 2 1 1 2 10 24.39%
6 sticks 0 1 0 1 0 2 4.87%
Half Pack 2 0 5 1 1 9 21.95%
1 Pack 2 1 1 0 0 4 9.76%
1 pod (e-
1 0 1 2 0 4 9.76%
cigarette)
TOTAL 9 7 11 6 8 41 100%
Table 3.1.2.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Number of Sticks or Packs of
Cigarette Consumed per Day of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
196
Figure 3.1.2.b Pie Chart According to Number of Sticks or Packs of Cigarette Consumed
per Day of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
Majority of the smoking population answered that they consume 5 sticks of cigarettes per
day. The result consists of 10 individuals.
Interpretation
The graph shows the frequency of sticks or packs of cigarettes the smokers consume in a
daily basis. In a total of 41 smokers: 24.39% answered that they consume 5 sticks per day, 29.5%
says they consume half a pack of cigarette per day, then both 1 pack of cigarette and 1 pod of E-
cigarette resulted 9.76% each, 9.67% answered that they consume only 2 sticks per day, then
both 1 stick and 3 sticks resulted 7.32%, and lastly, 4 sticks and 6 sticks of cigarette both resulted
in 4.87% of the smokers answers on how may sticks or packs of cigarette they consume on a
daily basis.
Health Implications
Researchers say that people who smoke five cigarettes a day are doing almost as much
damage to their lungs as people who smoke 30 cigarettes a day. They say it takes “light” smokers
about 1 year to develop as much lung damage as “heavy” smoking does in 9 months. (Pratt.E,
2019) Smoking five or fewer cigarettes a day can cause almost as much damage to your lungs as
smoking two packs a day.
Regardless of whether a person smokes five cigarettes a day or two packs a day, the
negative impact on the body is significant. As stated by Onugha O. in 2019, “Smoking is an
addiction. Just like many addictions, it is hard to stop unless you get clinical help”. Smoking is
very addictive but may be stopped with the right mind, help and support.
197
3.1.2.c Age of the Cigarette Smokers

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
12-18 years
0 0 0 1 0 1 2.44%
old
19-40 years
1 5 3 2 3 14 34.15%
old
40-65 years
7 2 8 3 5 25 60.98%
old
65 years
old and 1 0 0 0 0 1 2.44%
above
TOTAL 9 7 11 6 8 41 100%
The youngest cigarette smoker in the community is 17 years old while the oldest is 81 years old.
198
Table 3.1.2.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Age of the Cigarette Smokers in
Figure 3.1.2.c Pie Chart According to Age of the Cigarette Smokers in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5
Analysis
The majority of the smokers are aged 40-65 years old consisting of 25 individuals.
Interpretation
The graph shows the age of the smoking population in the community which is a total of
41 smoking individuals. The results are: 60.98% of the smokers are 40-65 years old, 34.15% of
the smokers are 19-40 years old, while both 12-18 years old and 65 years old above resulted in
2.44% each.
Health Implications
According to the Mayo Clinic (2020), smoking can speed up the normal aging process of
your skin, contributing to wrinkles and other changes to the appearance of your face. These
changes include crow's-feet, pronounced lines between the eyebrows, uneven skin complexion, a
grayish tone on lighter skin, deep creases and puffiness below the eyes, wrinkles around the
199
mouth, and thinner lips. Older people are more prone to severe diseases because of a poor
immune system caused by aging. According to the National Institute on Aging (2019), Older
adults are more likely to get severely ill from COVID-19. Smoking can make you more likely to
be hospitalized, need the use of a ventilator to help you breathe, or need intensive care if you are
affected by the COVID-19 virus.
Recommendations
Smoking is very addictive but is not impossible to quit. One study found that older adults
who quit smoking between the ages of 60-69 can reduce their mortality risk from smoking
related diseases by roughly 10%. Smoking cessation can also reduce the risk of lung cancer by
approximately 50% with ten years of abstinence, (Maryland TCRC,2015).
Smoking cessation provides help to smokers who are willing to quit smoking. The
researchers must coordinate with local government agencies concerned with smoking
rehabilitation and counseling.
3.1.2.d Age Started Smoking

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
12-18 years
6 0 5 2 3 16 39.02%
old
19-40 years
3 5 6 2 4 20 48.78%
old
40-65 years
0 2 0 0 0 2 4.88%
old
NO
0 0 0 2 1 3 7.32%
ANSWER
TOTAL 9 7 11 6 8 41 100%
The youngest age when they started smoking cigarettes in the community is 14 years old while
the oldest is 81 years old.
200
Table 3.1.2.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Age Started Smoking of the
Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.1.2.d Pie Chart According to Age Started Smoking of the Residents in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The most common age group that the smokers started smoking is at the age range of 19-
40 years old consisting of 20 smoking individuals.
Interpretation
The graph shows the age of the smokers when they started smoking, in a total of 41
individual smokers there are: 48.78% who are only 19-40 years of age when they started
smoking, 4.88% of the smokers started smoking at the age of 40-65 years old while 7.32% of the
smokers were not able to answer because they were not able to recall their age when they started
smoking.
Health Implications
According to the American Lung Association (2020), Cigarette smoking during

childhood and adolescence causes significant health problems among young people, including an
201
increase in the number and severity of respiratory illnesses, decreased physical fitness and
potential effects on lung growth and function. Most importantly, this is when an addiction to
smoking takes hold, often lasting into and sometimes throughout adulthood . Also smoking
during childhood and adolescence is associated with a range of immediate health problems, as
well as laying the foundation for the development of serious disease in adulthood.
Recommendations
The researchers must coordinate with the local government agency in the community to
provide health education for the youth about the risks of smoking.
3.1.2.e Reason for Smoking

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Leisure 0 1 0 0 1 2 4.35%
For Fun 1 1 0 1 0 3 6.52%
Problems
0 0 0 1 0 1 2.17%
in Life
Stress
2 0 8 2 2 14 30.43%
Reliever
Friends or
2 3 3 1 0 9 19.57%
Peers
Habit 5 2 1 4 5 17 36.96%
TOTAL 10 7 12 9 8 46 100%
202
Table 3.1.2.e Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Smoking of the
Figure 3.1.2.e Pie Chart According to Reason for Smoking of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5
Analysis
The most common answer for the smoker’s reason for smoking is “habit”, consisting of
17 times it has been answered by the smokers.
Interpretation
The graph shows the smoker’s reason for smoking, out of 46 total number of responses:
36.96% of the results indicating “habit” as the smoker’s reason for smoking, 30.43% of the
results indicating “stress reliever” as their reason, 19.57% shows “friends or peers” as their
reason for smoking, 6.52% of the answers indicating “for fun” as their reason, while 4.35%
resulted “leisure” is the reason and only 2.17% answered that “problem in life” is the reason for
smoking.
Health Implications
People say that they use tobacco for many different reasons like stress relief, pleasure, or
in social situations. According to the Smokefree Organization, Smoking can become connected
203
to other activities of your day-to-day life like watching TV, talking on the phone, hanging out
with friends, going certain places, or taking a break to relax. Then smoking becomes a part of a
pattern or routine to your daily life.
3.1.3 Family Member That Uses Prohibited/ Dangerous Drugs

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
None 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.1.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Family Member That Uses
Prohibited/ Dangerous Drugs in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
204
Figure 3.1.3 Pie Chart According to Family Member That Uses Prohibited/ Dangerous
Drugs in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
The table shows that no one uses prohibited or dangerous drugs in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos
City, Bulacan.
Interpretation
The graph shows that 100% of the 118 households in Brgy. Mojon does not use
prohibited or dangerous drugs.
Health Implications
According to the Australian Government’s Department of Health (2019), illegal drugs

affect the whole life of a person. May it be physical and mental health, financial capabilities, and
even interpersonal relationships. The effects might be short term or long term.
Recommendations
205
The data above shows that 100% of the population is not affected by substance abuse
however, it is still recommended to have programs that will further prevent such things from
happening. There is a program of the Department of Health called the Dangerous Drug Abuse
Prevention and Treatment Program which was implemented last 2017 that aims to direct,
coordinate, and monitor offices for national health matters and public health issues related to
drug abuse prevention, treatment and rehabilitation in the country.
A good prevention program will enhance protective factors and reduce the risk factors
regarding drug use. The family, school, and the community should be involved in the program
(National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020).
3.1.4 Family Member That Consumes Alcoholic Beverages

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Yes 19 19 13 13 18 82 69.49%
None 5 5 11 11 4 36 30.51%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 24 118 100%

Table 3.1.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Family Member That Consumes
Alcoholic Beverages in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
206
Figure 3.1.4 Pie Chart According to Pie Chart According to Family Member That
Consumes Alcoholic Beverages in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that the majority of the members of the households doesn't drink alcohol.
Interpretation
This graph shows the family members who drink and doesn't consume alcoholic
beverages. Based on the graph, out of 118 respondents 69.49% answered that their family
members drink alcohol, while the remaining 30.51 % stated that their family members doesn’t
consume alcoholic beverages
Health Implications
207
According to Mosel, S (2021), alcoholism is clinically diagnosed as alcohol use disorder
or (AUD), this is a common chronic and sometimes progressive health condition that will
involve compulsive consumption of alcohol. With this dysfunctional pattern of drinking alcohol
it can lead to several issues like, social, familial, and physical problems. Thankfully there are
effective and multiple treatment programs for alcoholism that are available for people with mild
to severe AUD’s. The risk for a person who might develop AUD depends on their way of living,
it depends on how often, how much, and how fast they consumed the alcohol.
There is also psychiatric disorders that may affect a person to develop alcoholism, this
includes depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and antisocial personality disorders are
some of the common disorders associated with alcoholism, but whether these co-occurring
disorders are a result of alcoholism or just simply contributed due to development of an alcohol
use disorder is still unclear and may differ for each individual.
Recommendations
There are many ways to help a person suffering from AUD fist is the Partial
hospitalization programs or (PHP) this includes the most intensive management from highly
supportive and structured form of patient treatment. Next is the Intensive outpatient programs
(IOP), with this treatment plan, the patient is at home but they need to attend a treatment set by
their physician for 3 hours per day for 5 days per week. Lastly is the Standard outpatient
treatment (OP), where the treatment can vary from different intensity and duration according to
the patient needs and other factors. This treatment plan is simply attending treatment sessions for
several days in a week or just once a week.
3.1.4.a Total Number of Consumers of Alcoholic Beverages in the Community

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Drinking
Alcoholic 32 39 30 21 29 151 27.40%
Beverages
Not 77 78 91 80 74 400 72.60%

Drinking
Alcoholic
208
Beverages
TOTAL 109 117 121 101 103 551 100%

Table 3.1.4.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Total Number of Consumers of
Alcoholic Beverages in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.1.4.a Pie Chart According to Total Number of Consumers of Alcoholic Beverages
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
For this, the majority of the members of the respondents family doesn’t consume
alcoholic beverages.
Interpretation
This graph shows the total numbers of consumers of alcoholic beverages in all of the
purok of barangay mojon. Based on the graph, out of 551 members of the family 27.40%
answered that their family members drink alcoholic beverages, while the remaining 72.60%
responded they’re not drinking alcoholic beverages.
Health Implications
209
According to Mosel, S (2021), one of the most alarming effects of long-term and short-
term consumption of alcohol is damaging our brain. The short-term effect of alcohol is causing
intoxication in relation to the effect of alcohol to the central nervous system, with this the
symptoms could depend drastically on how often someone drinks; also with the type of alcohol
they consume could play a huge part in the short-term effects. The long-term effect of
consumption of alcohol could be felt by a person who drinks more heavily than an average
drinker. They are much prone to the increased risk for adverse alcohol-related complications,
especially if they’re drinking excessively for long periods of time. The complication that may
affect the health of a person is due to the complications of the following organs, the heart, liver,
and digestive problem, cancer, weak immune system, and it could also have and effect on the
person mood and sleep disturbance and could furthermore develop into mental health such as
depression and anxiety
Recommendations
The recommendations that the student nurses may do is, reach out to the LGU alongside
the community leaders of the said barangay for their help in regards to the counselling that they
could offer people with alcohol dependence . The consumer of the alcoholic beverages will have
to agree to undergo this safe reduction plan that is designed for them to support them alongside
with referral and specialized care when needed.
3.1.4.b Age of the Consumer of Alcoholic Beverages

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
12-18 years
0 1 0 3 0 4 2.65%
old
19-40 years
13 23 20 16 16 88 58.28%
old
41-65 years
18 15 9 2 13 57 37.75%
old
66 years
1 0 1 0 0 2 1.32%
old and
210
above
TOTAL 32 39 30 21 29 151 100%

The youngest consumer of alcoholic beverages in the community is 16 years old while the oldest
is 81 years old.
Table 3.1.4.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Age of the Consumer of Alcoholic
Beverages in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 3.1.4.b Pie Chart According to Age of the Consumer of Alcoholic Beverages in
Analysis
This graph shows that the age group 19-40 years old has the highest percentage that
consumes alcoholic beverages with 58.28% with the lowest being the 66 years old and above
with 1.32%
Interpretation
This graph shows the age of consumers of alcoholic beverages. Based on the graph
shown, the age group of 19-40 years old have the highest percentage of 58.28% of alcoholic
consumers out of the 151 respondents. The next largest age group consumers are 41-65 years old
with 37.75%. The third one is the age group 12-18 years old with 2.65%. And lastly to complete
the 100% is the 66 years old and above with 1.32%.
211
Health Implications
According to Buddy, T (2020) underage drinking became a behavioral problem for some
students but some are linked to more serious behavior such as unconventionality, impulsiveness,
and sentient seeking. From age 12 -17 are more likely to use alcohol and have more chances to
be reported with behavioral issues. The risk for alcohol use disorders may vary with the way or
pattern of alcohol abuse that may develop into alcohol use disorder.
Recommendations
Prevention may be used but as we all know you cannot stop an adolescent to try
experimenting with alcohol, there are several ways to help and prevent underage drinking. First
is to talk about the dangers of drinking. Have an open discussion about the negative effect of it
on their physical and emotional health, give them a chance to discuss how they feel and also
answer any question that they may ask. It’s important to make them feel that they have an open
relationship with their family members to talk about this kind of stuff. Another way to help a
child from drinking is to help them get themselves involved with some activities and hobbies that
may interest them and stay busy while having fun doing things they enjoy.
3.1.4.c Age Started Drinking Alcoholic Beverages

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
6-11 years
0 0 1 0 0 1 0.66%
old
12-18 years
21 21 15 17 10 84 55.63%
old
19-40 years
9 16 13 4 16 58 38.41%
old
40-65 years
1 0 0 0 0 1 0.66%
old
65 years
0 0 1 0 0 1 0.66%
old and
212
above
NO
1 2 0 0 3 6 3.98%
ANSWER
TOTAL 32 39 30 21 29 151 100%

The youngest age when they started consuming alcoholic beverages in the community is 11 years
old while the oldest is 70 years old.
Table 3.1.4.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Age Started Drinking Alcoholic
Beverages of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.1.4.c Pie Chart According to Age Started Drinking Alcoholic Beverages of the
Analysis
Based on the table, the majority of the people in the community started consuming
alcohol at the age of 12-18 years old
Interpretation
The graph shows the timeline when the members of the family started drinking. Based
on the graph shown, there are 151 total drinkers in the different purok of the community wherein
213
55.63% of the 151 drinkers started at the age of 12-18 years old. While 38.41% out of the 151
drinkers started drinking at the age of 19-40 years old. There are three 0.66% that show drinkers
as young as 6-11 years old, 40-65 years old, and 65 years old and above have started drinking.
And lastly, there are 3.98% out of the 151 respondents that did not answer the survey.
Health Implications
According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2021), underage
drinking may cause serious health related problems. Considering that alcohol is the most used
substance among America’s youth, it becomes a threat for health and safety risks. Underage
drinking poses a great treat alongside the risk with alcohol consumption. The NIH had listed the
possible risk of consuming alcohol at an underage level this includes possible cause of death,
injuries, impairs judgment, risk of physical and sexual assult, and othe problems that may
manifest later in their life.
Recommendations
There are several ways to prevent underage drinking, first and probably the most
important of all is talking to the child about what’s alcohol and what it could do to his/her body
when consuming any alcoholic beverages. The next one is, they should have a way to elaborate
themselves on how they feel, as well be able to ask any question they may think of. It's very
important for them to feel at ease while talking to a member of their family, this helps them build
their trust with someone and also serves as a foundation to a strong and healthy relationship
3.1.4.d Frequency of Drinking Alcoholic Beverages

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Occasional 30 31 23 16 20 120 79.47%
1-3 times/ 2 4 6 0 7 19 12.58%
214
week
1-2 times/
0 4 1 5 2 12 7.95%
month
TOTAL 32 39 30 21 29 151 100%

Table 3.1.4.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Frequency of Drinking Alcoholic
Figure 3.1.4.d Pie Chart According to Frequency of Drinking Alcoholic Beverages of the
Analysis
The majority of the respondents drink occasionally, while the rest of them drink between
once a week or one to two times per month.
Interpretation
This graph shows the frequency of drinking alcoholic beverages. Based on the graph, out
of 151 respondents 79.47% answered occasionally drinking alcoholic beverages, while 12.58%
215
answered 1-3 times a week, and the remaining 7.95% answered 1-2 times a month with the total
of 100%
Health Implications
According to Davis, K (2018), a person's frequency of drinking depends on various

factors such as, genetic factors, gender, body mass, and general state of health. Also frequent
alcohol consumption is harmful to health. Alcohol could have an impact on different body
systems. When a person intakes more alcohol that it could metabolize, the excess amount of the
alcohol could build up in the bloodstream. For this the heart circulates the blood alcohol
throughout the body, leading to a change of normal body function and also the chemistry of the
body. Alcohol has been identified to be associated with more than 60 different health related
conditions.
Recommendations
According to Legg, T (2018) The first step to recovery is for the person to acknowledge
that he/she has an alcohol problem. The next step is for the patient to get support, this is widely
available in different ranges of support groups and professional services.
3.1.4.e Reason for Drinking Alcoholic Beverages

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Leisure 2 16 0 1 5 24 10.04%
Occasion 23 31 16 7 15 92 38.49%
216
For Fun 8 15 3 5 4 35 14.64%
Habit 3 0 0 1 1 5 2.09%
Friends or
5 1 5 7 3 21 8.79%
Peers
Stress
1 9 6 4 1 21 8.79%
Reliever
Rest 1 2 1 0 7 11 4.60%
Socializatio
1 1 10 1 1 14 5.86%
n
Problems
1 0 0 0 0 1 0.42%
in Life
Family
0 5 8 2 0 15 6.28%
Gathering
TOTAL 45 80 49 28 37 239 100%

Table 3.1.4.e Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Drinking Alcoholic
217
Figure 3.1.4.e Pie Chart According to Reason for Drinking Alcoholic Beverages of the
Analysis
The most common answer for drinking alcoholic beverages is when there is an
“occasion”, the graph shows 88 times where it has been picked by the consumer.
Interpretation
The graph shows the person reason for drinking alcoholic beverages, out of the 239 total
responses: 38.49% of the results answered “occasion” as their primary reason for drinking,
14.64% of the results indicated as “for fun” as their reason, 10.04% answered “leisure” as their
answer, while both “friend or peers” and “stress reliever” are tied at 8.79% as their reason for
drinking, 6.28% answered “family gathering” as a reason for drinking, 5.86% answered
“socialization”, 4.60% answered “rest”, and 2.09% answered as “habit”, and lastly is 0.42%
answered “problems in life” completing the 100%.
Health Implications
According to Manning, M (2020) there is no easy answer to what is the cause of alcohol
addiction, but there are factors that can raise the risk for alcohol addiction. When you drink
alcohol regularly, your brain begins to associate the drinks with sensations like euphoria,
relaxation, and loss of inhibitions. This results in cravings and, in some cases, dependency.
Alcohol may trigger the brain to think of alcohol as a reward-system due to dopamine, this leads
the brain to think of drinking as a positive feeling to further motivate a person and crave you
more. The more a person drinks and the addiction takes over, the person will experience less
pleasure due to the development of tolerance to the alcohol, and this will have an effect of
drinking even more to attempt to feel the pleasure that is lost when they develop tolerance.
Recommendations
218
“The best treatment for alcoholism depends on the individual; there is no one right way to
achieve and maintain recovery”. It involves the help of a professional such as cognitive-
behavioral therapy and also a peer support system, says clinical psychologist Aaron Weiner,
PhD.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
219
3.2.1 Anthropometric Data of Children Ages 5 Years Old and Below
3.2.1.a Family Member Ages 5 Years Old or Below

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Yes 4 2 6 3 4 19 16.10%
None 20 22 18 21 18 99 83.90%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.2.1.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Family Member Ages 5 Years
Old or Below in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.2.1.a Pie Chart According to Family Member Ages 5 Years Old or Below in Purok
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
220
Analysis
It shows in the table that most families don't have a 5yr old or below in their households.
Interpretation
According to the graph, 99 households (83.90%) said they have a child under the age of
five, while 19 families (16.10%) said they don't have a child under the age of five.
Health Implications
According to the State of the World’s Children (2019), early childhood undernutrition is
caused by increased sensitivity to disease as a result of poor health-seeking behavior, insufficient
immunization, poor cleanliness and care practices, and inadequate food both in quantity and
quality.
Recommendations
Through the Philippine Plan of Action on Nutrition (PPAN) 2017-2022, the government
has created strategies and targets. The country also passed RA 11148, often known as the First
1,000 Days Law or the Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act, which aims to eliminate
stunting and all types of malnutrition through smart investments and comprehensive initiatives.
3.2.1.b Number of Children Ages 5 Years Old or Below in the Community

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Children
below 5 4 2 6 4 4 20 3.63%
years old
221
None 105 115 115 97 99 531 96.37%
TOTAL 109 117 121 101 103 551 100%

Table 3.2.1.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Number of Children Ages 5
Years Old in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure
3.2.1.b Pie Chart According to Number of Children Ages 5 Years Old in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5
Analysis
It shows in the table that most families don't have a 5yr old or below in their community.
Interpretation
According to the chart, 531 children below 5y/o (96%) are in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 in
Brgy. Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, with 20 children below 5y/o (16.10%) in the community.
Health Implications
Early childhood undernutrition is caused by increased sensitivity to disease as a result of

poor health-seeking behavior, insufficient immunization, poor cleaning and care practices, and
222
an inadequate food supply in both quantity and quality, according to the State of the World's
Children (2019).
Recommendations
The government has developed strategies and targets through the Philippine Plan of
Action on Nutrition (PPAN) 2017-2022. The country also passed RA 11148, popularly known as
the First 1,000 Days Law or the Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act, which aims to
eliminate stunting and all forms of malnutrition through strategic investments and activities.
3.2.1.c Ages of Children Below 5 Years Old

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
0-12
2 2 1 2 2 9 45%
months old
13-24
0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
months old
25-36
0 0 1 0 1 2 10%
months old
37-48
0 0 1 2 1 4 20%
months old
49-60
2 0 2 0 0 4 20%
months old
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
The youngest child is 3 months old while there are two 50 months old children which are the
oldest.
Table 3.2.1.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Ages of Children Below 5 Years
Old in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
223
Figure
3.2.1.c Pie Chart According to Ages of Children Below 5 Years Old in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5
Analysis
The most typical response for children under the age of five is 0-12 months old.
Interpretation
The table depicts the total number of children under the age of five years old in Purok 1,
2, 3,4 and 5 in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan. The largest proportion of children aged 0-12
months is 9 (45%). The frequency was the same for 37-48 months and 49-60 months (20%). Two
children aged 25 to 36 months (10%). Lastly, one child was born to a 13-24-month-old woman
(5%).
Health Implications
According to DOH, the WHO evaluation technique was used to evaluate baby and young
child feeding practices in 2004, and the results ranged from bad to fair. Four out of ten newborns
were started on nursing within an hour of delivery, three out of ten infants under six months were
exclusively breastfed, and the median breastfeeding duration was only thirteen months,
224
according to the findings. Only 57.9% of 6-9 month old children received supplementary foods
while still being breastfed, making the complementary feeding indicator weak. Complementary
foods were also introduced too early, at the age of less than two months, according to the
assessment. These egregious acts necessitated immediate action and extensive, long-term
remedies.
Recommendations
The first National IYCF Plan of Action was created to address these issues with infant
and young child feeding practices. Its goal was to enhance the nutritional status and health of
children, particularly those under the age of three, with the goal of lowering newborn and under-
five mortality. Its specific goals were to enhance, safeguard, and promote baby and young child
feeding habits, as well as to increase political commitment at all levels, create a supportive
environment, and secure its long-term viability.
3.2.1.d Weight in Kilograms

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
6 Kg 0 1 0 0 1 2 10%
9 Kg 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
9.3 Kg 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
10 Kg 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
11 Kg 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
13 Kg 0 1 1 0 1 3 15%
15 Kg 1 0 0 1 1 3 15%
19 Kg 2 0 0 0 0 2 10%
20 Kg 0 0 1 1 0 2 10%
225
23 Kg 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
24 Kg 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
NO
OPPORTU
NITY TO 1 0 0 0 1 2 10%
OBTAIN
DATA
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.2.1.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Weight in Kilograms of the
Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.2.1.d Pie Chart According to Weight in Kilograms of the Children in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5
Analysis
226
The data demonstrates that children weighing 13kg and 15kg had the same and maximum
incidence of 3 children (15%).
Interpretation
Three children weighing 13kg and 15kg appear to have the highest frequency in the
graph. With a frequency of two children, 19kg, 20kg, and no opportunity are 10%. The
frequency was the same for 9kg, 9.3kg, 10kg, 11kg, 23kg, and 24kg (5%).
Health Implications
According to Mario, C., (2018), Except for overweight, the prevalence of malnutrition
among young children in HHF was greater than the average prevalence of malnutrition among
young children in the Philippines. Except for wasting, this is also true for HHF schoolchildren.
Fisherfolks were also recognized as one of the occupational groups with the greatest rates of
malnutrition among young and school-aged children. The significant level of public health
concern over underweight, stunting, and wasting among these age ranges necessitates immediate
and serious action, with the nutritional needs of this occupational group being prioritized.
Recommendations
A health and nutrition education program that promotes children's nutrition at home,
physical activity, capacity building, sanitation, and cleanliness in the community are all possible
interventions. A national focus on fisherfolks' health, nutrition, and welfare is strongly urged.
3.2.1.e Height in Meter

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
227
0.54 m 0 0 0 0 1 1 5%
0.6 m 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
0.61 m 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
0.7 m 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
0.78 m 0 0 1 0 1 2 10%
0.81 m 0 0 1 1 0 2 10%
0.88 m 0 1 0 0 0 1 5%
0.99 m 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
1.00 m 0 0 2 0 0 2 10%
1.12 m 1 0 1 0 0 2 10%
NO
OPPORTU
NITY TO 3 1 0 0 2 6 30%
OBTAIN
DATA
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.2.1.e Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Height in Meter of the Children
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
228
Figure
3.2.1.e Pie Chart According to Height in Meter of the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that the “no opportunity” had the highest percentage which is 30% with
the frequency of 6 respondents.
Interpretation
The highest percentage (30%), with a frequency of 6 participants, is "no opportunity," as

shown in the graph. The respondents said they don't know their children's height. With a
frequency of two respondents, 0.78m, 0.81m, 1.00m, and 1.12m had a percentage of 10%.
Lastly, with a frequency of one respondent, 0.54m, 0.6m, 0.61m, 0.7m, 0.88m, and 0.99m had a
percentage of 5%.
Health Implications
229
The percentage of children aged 0 to 59 months (under 5 years old) whose height for age
is less than -2 standard deviations (moderate and severe stunting) and -3 standard deviations
(severe stunting) from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth
Standards is known as stunting or linear growth failure.
Recommendations
Children must have access to a wide range of activities. Foods high in protein, such as
meat, fish, poultry, and eggs, are particularly beneficial. This will entail making healthful food
more accessible and available. It's also important to make sure that households have access to
safe drinking water, as well as sanitation and wastewater systems.
3.2.1.f BMI

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
18.4 or
1 1 2 0 0 4 20%
lower
18.5-24.9 0 0 3 4 2 9 45%
25.0-29.9 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
NO
OPPORTU
NITY TO 3 1 0 0 2 6 30%
OBTAIN
DATA
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
The lowest BMI obtained is 15.15 while the highest is 25.8
Table 3.2.1.f Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of BMI of the Children in Purok 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5
230
Figure
3.2.1.f Pie Chart According to BMI of the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The highest percentage is 45% with the frequency of 9 children having a BMI ranging
from 18.5-24.9.
Interpretation
The chart shows the BMI of the children in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 at the Barangay Mojon,
Malolos, Bulacan. The highest percentage is 45% with the frequency of 9 children having a BMI
of 18.5-24.9 which is the normal range of BMI. For the “no opportunity” it has a percentage of
30% with the frequency of 6 respondents. These respondents don’t have the opportunity or they
don't know the BMI of their children. With the percentage of 20% and frequency of 4 children,
their BMI is 18.4 or lower which indicates “underweight”. . With the percentage of 5% and
frequency of 1 child, its BMI is 25.0-29.9 which indicates “overweight”.
Health Implications
231
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), overweight and obese children are
more likely to be fat as adults and to develop non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes
and cardiovascular disease at a younger age. The Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
performed the Expanded National Nutrition Survey in 2019 and found that only 2.9 percent of
children under the age of five were overweight. Health risks associated with being underweight
or having poor nutrition. Risks include: malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, osteoporosis from too
little vitamin D and calcium, decreased immune function, increased risk for complications from
surgery, fertility issues caused by irregular menstrual cycles, growth and development issues,
especially in children.
Recommendations
"Sustainable, functional, and responsive food systems – developed out of collaborative

and multi-sectoral action – are important in promoting and achieving healthy and nutritious
diets," said Ms Kati Tanninen, FAO Representative to the Philippines. The Department of
Education has also published policies regarding the selling of nutritious foods and beverages in
schools, as well as physical activity promotion; Add cheese, almonds, and seeds as toppings to
main dishes to increase the number of calories in your meals. Exercising can also make you eat
more. Smoothies are preferable to diet coke, coffee, and other caffeinated beverages. Fruits,
vegetables, and dairy products can all be used to fill them up.
3.2.1.g Remarks
CRITERIA PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK FREQUENCY PERCENTAG
232
1 2 3 4 5 E
Normal 0 2 3 4 3 12 60%
Obese 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
Wala 4 0 2 0 1 7 35%
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.2.1.g Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Remarks to the Children in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.2.1.g Pie Chart According to Remarks to the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The highest percentage is 60% with the frequency of 12 children have a normal BMI.
Interpretation
233
The graph depicts the children's remarks from Puroks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Barangay
Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan. With a frequency of 12 children having a normal BMI of 18.5-24.9,
the maximum proportion is 60%. "Wala," meaning "no opportunity," gathered seven answers (35
percent) and one obese person (5%).
Health Implications
Overweight and obese children, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), are
more likely to be overweight as adults and to develop noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such
diabetes and cardiovascular disease at an earlier age. The Expanded National Nutrition Survey,
conducted by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) in 2019, indicated that only 2.9
percent of children under the age of five were overweight. There are health hazards associated
with being underweight or not eating well.
Recommendations
"Sustainable, functional, and responsive food systems – achieved through collaborative

and multi-sectoral action – are critical in promoting and achieving healthy and nutritious diets,"
said FAO Representative to the Philippines, Ms Kati Tanninen. The Department of Education
has recently released policies on the sale of healthy foods and beverages in schools, as well as
the encouragement of physical exercise.
3.2.1.h Waist Circumference in Centimeter

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
234
23 cm 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
46 cm 0 0 0 1 1 2 10%
50 cm 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
53 cm 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
57 cm 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
61 cm 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
NO
OPPORTU
NITY TO 4 2 4 0 3 13 65%
OBTAIN
DATA
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.2.1.h Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Waist Circumference of the
Children in Centimeter in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure
3.2.1.h Pie Chart According to Waist Circumference of the Children in Centimeter in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
235
The table shows the waist circumference of 5 years old and below in Brgy. Mojon,
Malolos City, Bulacan. Based on the table out of 20 population, there are 13 who’s waist
circumference wasn’t measured.
Interpretation
The graph shows 65% did not have the opportunity to obtain data. 10% who’s waist
ranges in 46cm. While the others are all tied at 5% who’s waist circumferences are 23cm, 50cm,
53cm, 57cm and 61cm.
Health Implications
Waist circumference is a commonly used anthropometric measure for abdominal obesity

and is an independent predictor of insulin resistance. The prevalence of childhood obesity
worldwide indicates a need to identify children with metabolic risk for early intervention to
prevent and treat metabolic changes associated with chronic diseases, such as through the
establishment of waist circumference cut points.
According to (Bray et al., 2016), they pointed out that it is necessary to prevent, detect,
and appropriately treat obesity to reduce the future health and economic costs of this problem.
The first step to achieve this is to reliably diagnose individuals. In this sense, many
anthropometric indices associated with adiposity and its distribution have emerged, such as the
widely known BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or body fat percentage (BFP).
3.2.1.i Hips Circumference in Centimeter

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
46 cm 0 0 1 1 1 3 15%
57 cm 0 0 0 2 0 2 10%
64 cm 0 0 1 1 0 2 10%
236
NO
OPPORTU
NITY TO 4 2 4 0 3 13 65%
OBTAIN
DATA
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.2.1.i Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Hips Circumference in
Centimeter in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure
3.2.1.i Pie Chart According to Hips Circumference of the Children in Centimeter in Purok
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows the hips circumference of 5 years old and below in Brgy. Mojon,
Malolos City, Bulacan. Based on the table out of 20 population, there are 13 who’s hips
circumference wasn’t measured.
Interpretation
237
Majority of the population, 65%, did not have the opportunity to obtain data. Moreover
there are 15% who’s hips circumference are 46cm. While the others are tied in 10% who’s hips
circumference are 57cm and 64cm.
Health Implications
Hip circumference and the risk of cardiovascular disease are both connected. When hip
circumference is not taken into consideration, the impacts of visceral obesity may be minimized.
3.2.1.j Waist Hips Ratio

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
0.92 m 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
0.95 m 0 0 1 1 0 2 10%
0.98 m 0 0 0 1 1 2 10%
NO
OPPORTU
NITY TO 4 2 5 1 3 15 75%
OBTAIN
DATA
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.2.1.j Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Waist Hips Ratio of the Children
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
238
Figure
3.2.1.j Pie Chart According to Waist Hips Ratio of the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows the waist hips ratio of 5 years old and below in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos
City, Bulacan. Based on the table out of 20 population, there are 15 who’s waist hips ratio wasn’t
measured.
Interpretation
The graph shows that out of 20 population. Out of 75% did not have the opportunity to
obtain data. 10% of the population answered 0.95m and 0.98m and 5% answered 0.92m.
Health Implications
The waist-to-hip ratio is a measurement that compares the circumference of the waist and
the circumference of the hips. Higher ratios could indicate that they carry more fat around the
waist. This can lead people at risk of developing heart disease or diabetes.
3.2.1.k Mid Upper Arm Circular
239
CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
4 in 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
6 in 0 0 0 1 1 2 10%
7 in 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
8 in 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
12 in 0 0 0 1 0 1 5%
NO
OPPORTU
NITY TO 4 2 5 0 3 14 70%
OBTAIN
DATA
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.2.1.k Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Measurement of Mid Upper Arm
Circular of the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure
3.2.1.k Pie Chart According to Measurement of Mid Upper Arm Circular of the Children
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
240
Analysis
The table shows the mid upper arm circular of 5 years old and below in Brgy. Mojon,
Malolos City, Bulacan. Based on the table out of 20 population, there are 14 who’s mid upper
arm circular wasn’t measured.
Interpretation
Majority of the population, out of 70%, did not have the opportunity to obtain data. 10%
who’s mid upper arm circular are 6 inches. While the others are tied in 5% who’s mid upper arm
circular are 4 inches, 7 inches, 8 inches, and 12 inches.
Health Implications
Mid-upper arm circumference is used to identify high-risk children due to its preference
for younger and more malnourished children, or because of the close link between muscle and fat
mass. These two explanations are not mutually exclusive because young and malnourished
children have poor muscle mass about their body weight, making them more prone to
malnutrition.
241
3.2.2 Food Usually Taken In General
3.2.2.a First Choice of Food Usually Taken

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Vegetable 3 1 1 4 3 12 10.17%
Mixed
(Vegetable,
6 12 15 7 14 54 45.76%
Fish, at
Meat)
Fish 5 2 2 2 3 14 11.86%
Meat 10 9 6 11 2 38 32.20%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.2.2.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of First Choice of Food Usually
Taken of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
242
Figure 3.2.2.a Pie Chart According to First Choice of Food Usually Taken of the Residents
Analysis
This graph showed that the majority of the population in the community prefer mixed
food rather than fish, vegetables and meat as their first choice of food.
Interpretation
This graph shows the first choice of food usually taken. Based on the graph out of 118
responses 45.76% of 118 responses preferred mixed over fish, vegetables and meat only on their
first choice of food. 32.20% of 118 responses preferred meat over vegetables, fish and mixed.
11.86% preferred fish over vegetables, meat, and mixed. 10.17% of 118 responses preferred
vegetables over fish, meat and mixed.
Health Implications
Food choices can have an impact on how well the body works. Deficiencies can cause
problems with vital functions such as responsiveness, movements, reproduction. and metabolism.
However, some decisions can raise disease risk.
Recommendations
243
Eating a balanced diet from each food group, such as vegetables, meat, and fish helps
provide a wide range of necessary nutrients and may help prevent diseases including heart
disease, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
3.2.2.b Number of Servings Usually Taken for First Food Choice

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
1 serving 3 4 3 2 1 13 11.02%
2-3
12 12 11 15 9 59 50.00%
servings
4-5
servings or 9 8 10 7 12 46 38.98%
more
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.2.2.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Number of Servings Usually

Taken for First Food Choice of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
244
Figure 3.2.2.b Pie Chart According to Number of Servings Usually Taken for First Food
Choice of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The graph showed that the majority of the population in the community usually takes 2 to
3 servings in a meal.
Interpretation
This graph shows the number of servings usually taken by the respondents. Out of 118
respondents 50.00% of the 118 respondents answered that they usually take 2 to 3 servings.
38.98% out of 118 respondents say that the number of serving they usually take is 4 to 5 and
above. While 11.02% answered the number of serving they usually take is 1 serving.
Health Implications
Increased consumption and larger portion sizes have harmed people's health. Total
calorie intake has grown as a result of a gradual increase in portion sizes and acceptance of
bigger portion sizes as the norm, resulting in negative health effects such as excessive weight
245
gain and disruption of satiety cues. Large portion sizes have resulted in increased food waste,
which has a negative influence on the health of our planet, in addition to the impact on our
health.
Recommendations
2,000-calorie diets are considered standard for most adults, as this number is considered
adequate to meet most people’s energy and nutrient needs. Based on a daily calorie intake of
2,000, your calorie needs will vary depending on your age, level of exercise, and whether they
are trying to lose, gain, or maintain weight.
3.2.2.c Second Choice of Food Usually Taken

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Frozen 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.85%
Vegetable 10 4 4 7 4 29 24.58%
Mixed
(Vegetable,
6 9 10 8 9 42 35.59%
Fish, at
Meat)
Fish 3 6 4 8 6 27 22.88
Meat 5 5 5 1 3 19 16.10%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.2.2.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Second Choice of Food Usually
Taken of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
246
Figure 3.2.2.c Pie Chart According to Second Choice of Food Usually Taken of the
Analysis
The table shows that the majority in Barangay Mojon prefer Mixed Food (vegetable, fish
and meat) rather than frozen food, vegetable, fish and meat only for their second choice of food
and the least preferred is the frozen food.
Interpretation
This graph shows that out of 118 responses 35.59% or 42 responses preferred mixed
food over fish, vegetables, frozen and meat only on their second choice of food. 24.58% or 29
responses preferred vegetables only. 22.88% or 27 responses preferred fish only. 16.10% or 19
responses preferred meat only. 0.84% or 1 response preferred frozen food only.
Health Implications
Food choices have a significant impact on how well our body functions. It is very
important if our body does not receive the right food that our body needs, our metabolic
247
processes suffer and our health declines. Deficiencies can impair life processes and some food
choices can increase our risk for disease.
Recommendations
We should meet the needs of our body and always choose what’s good for us. Food
choices affect a lot in your body, not just our physical health but it can also affect our mental
health. Our mood can affect the food choices we make. Eating a healthy diet is very beneficial
for us as it helps to prevent diseases. A good food provides good nutrients and allows our body
to function well and reach our full potential and supports our immune system to protect us from
illness and disease.
3.2.2.b Number of Servings Usually Taken for Second Food Choice

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
1 serving 3 2 1 1 0 7 5.93%
2-3
12 15 14 16 11 68 57.63%
servings
4-5
servings or 9 7 9 7 11 43 36.44%
more
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.2.2.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Number of Servings Usually

Taken for Second Food Choice of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
248
Figure
3.2.2.b Pie Chart According to Number of Servings Usually Taken for Second Food Choice
of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that the majority of the population usually takes 2-3 servings in a meal
for their second choice of food and the least preferred is 1 serving.
Interpretation
This graph shows that out of 118 responses 57.63% or 68 responses take 2-3 servings in a
meal for their second choice of food. 36.44% or 43 responses take 4-5 servings or more in a meal
and 5.93% or 7 responses only take 1 serving in a meal.
Health Implications
Food servings have a significant impact on how well we eat. It is very important because
if our body does not receive the right amount of food that our body needs, our metabolic
processes suffer and our health declines. Right amount also prevents food waste or spoilage. It
also promotes discipline in eating since we just prepare the right amount of food.
249
Recommendations
Aside from choosing the right food for our body, we should also take note of the amount
of food we are going to serve. Just enough for everyone to eat to prevent food waste and
unhealthy diet.
3.2.3 Reason for Choosing Food Preference

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Health
3 0 4 1 1 9 5.23%
condition
Affordable 10 4 2 4 6 26 15.12%
Healthy 17 9 11 13 14 64 37.21%
Own
12 18 10 10 7 57 33.14%
preference
Personal
belief/
4 1 3 5 3 16 9.30%
religious
practices
TOTAL 46 32 30 33 31 172 100%
Table 3.2.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Choosing Food
Preference of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
250
Figure 3.2.3 Pie Chart According to Reason for Choosing Food Preference of the Residents
in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that the majority of the population chose Healthy as the reason for
choosing their prefered food and the least chosen in the community is the Health Condition.
Interpretation
This graph shows that out of 172 responses 37.21% or 64 responses chose Healthy as
their reason for food preference. 33.14% or 57 responses chose own preference. 15.12% or 26
responses chose affordable. 9.30% or 16 responses chose personal belief or religious practices.
5.23% or 9 responses chose health conditions as their reason for food preference.
Health Implications
251
Majority of the population chose “Healthy” as their reason for choosing their preferred
food is a good thing. This means that the community is considering healthy foods as their
priority and they are mindful of their health condition. Food preference is a primary determinant
of dietary intake and behaviors. Establishing preference for healthy foods is a good approach in
improving diet quality.
Recommendations
Choosing healthy foods as one of your reasons for food preference is a good thing
because we have to consider it not just the right type and amount for our meal. Preference-driven
substitutions among foods have a major effect on simulated health outcomes and should be
included in the assessment of dietary recommendations.
3.2.4 Reason for Not Choosing Other Food Options

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Not healthy 1 2 3 4 3 13 9.85%
Not
5 3 1 4 4 17 12.88%
Affordable
Health
1 0 3 0 1 5 3.79%
condition
Own
6 13 10 10 16 55 41.67%
preference
Personal
belief/
0 3 3 6 3 15 11.36%
religious
practices
NO
12 4 7 2 2 27 20.45%
ANSWER
TOTAL 25 25 27 26 29 132 100%
252
Table 3.2.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Not Choosing Other
Food Options of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 3.2.4 Pie Chart According to Reason for Not Choosing Other Food Options of the
Analysis
The table shows that the population's own preference affects the majority's reason for not
choosing other options and the minority chose health conditions for their reason.
Interpretation
This graph shows that out of 132 responses 41.67% or 55 responses chose own
preference as their reason for not choosing other food options. 20.45% or 27 responses did not
answer the question. 12.88% or 17 responses chose not affordable. 11.36% or 15 responses chose
personal belief or religious practices. 9.85% or 13 responses chose not healthy. 3.79% or 5
responses chose health conditions.
253
Health Implications
Food preference is a primary determinant of dietary intake and behaviors. Establishing

preference for healthy foods is a good approach in improving diet quality.
Recommendations
Preference-driven substitutions among foods have a major effect on simulated health

outcomes and should be included in the assessment of dietary recommendations.
3.2.5 Frequency of Intake of Food Choice

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
4-5 times a
1 1 3 3 0 8 6.78%
week
Everyday 13 17 18 10 15 73 61.86%
2 times a
5 4 2 6 5 22 18.64%
week
Isang beses
times a 2 1 0 1 0 4 3.39%
week
3 times a
3 1 1 4 2 11 9.32%
week
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.2.5 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Frequency of Intake of Food
Choice of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
254
Figure 3.2.5 Pie Chart According to Frequency of Intake of Food Choice of the Residents in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that the majority of the population intake their food choices everyday
and the minority intake 1 times a week.
Interpretation
This graph shows that out of 118 responses 61.86% or 73 responses intake their food
everyday. 18.64% or 22 responses intake their food 2 times a week. 9.32% or 11 responses
intake their food 3 times a week. 6.78% or 8 responses intake their food 4-5 times a week. 3.39%
or 4 responses intake their food 1 time a week.
Health Implication
It is important to eat regularly. Eating a balanced, varied diet which allows you to get the
right amount of nutrients everyday helps us keep healthy, fight off sickness, keep energy levels
up, keeps our minds working, affects our mood and many other important things. We consume
energy every second so we need the right amount of food for our body to function well. Eating
once a week can cause disease and can slash different illnesses.
255
Recommendations
Eat a regulargy and balanced diet. Skipping meals is a bad thing and might trigger
diseases. Regular and proper eating supports our body more easily and comfortably since our
body is getting the nutrients on time, so the body is working properly and responding to food. If
we eat healthy food on time it provides us better energy levels and keeps us alert and active.
3.2.6 Food Preparation for Mealtime

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Prepared
24 21 24 21 21 111 65.29%
at home
Bought
15 15 6 12 11 59 34.71%
Outside
TOTAL 39 36 30 33 32 170 100%
Table 3.2.6 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Food Preparation for Mealtime of
the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 3.2.6 Pie Chart According to Food Preparation for Mealtime of the Residents in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
256
Analysis
The table shows that the majority of the population prepares food at home and the
minority buys food outside.
Interpretation
This graph shows that out of 170 responses 65.29% or 111 responses prepare their food at
home and 34.71% or 59 responses buy food outside.
Health Implications
Preparing meals at home gives you the ability to exercise portion control and help curb
the temptation of overeating. We can control the portion, value, cost and the quality. It maintains
nutrition unlike buying foods outside, we cannot ensure the cleanliness of the preparation of the
food and there are fast foods which are not good for our health. Buying food outside is also very
pricey.
Recommendations
Cooking at home contributes to healthier diets and saves money. Preparing healthy meals
at home can support your immune system and reduce the risk of illnesses. It gives us more
control when we prepare meals at home. It ensures a healthy meal since we are the one who is
preparing the meal. When buying food outside we should check the cleanliness and we should
also consider the price.
3.2.7 Frequency of Preparing in the Preferred Food Preparation

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
2 times a
4 3 2 3 2 14 11.86%
week
3 times a
1 1 1 2 1 6 5.09%
week
257
4 times a
0 0 1 1 0 2 1.70%
week
Everyday 18 20 20 17 18 93 78.81%
NO
1 0 0 1 1 3 2.54%
ANSWER
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.2.7 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Frequency of Preparing in the

Preferred Food Preparation of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.2.7 Pie Chart According to Frequency of Preparing in the Preferred Food
Preparation of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
Majority of the respondents said that their preferred preparation food was done everyday.
Interpretation
258
The table and graph shows that 93 out of 118 total respondents chose everyday as the
frequency of their chosen food preparation with a percentage of 78.81%. 3 or 2.54% of the
respondents did not share their answer.
Health Implications
According to Kerr (2018), homemade or home cooked meals tend to be healthier than
those from restaurants and fast food chains. By preparing and cooking your own food, you can
control and modify the ingredients. Amount of sugar and salt can be adjusted too, according to
preference and health requirements. Restaurants and fast food chains use different cooking
techniques, same as using preservatives and special flavorings that might affect the overall
nutritional status of the foods.
Recommendations
Cooking at home is proven to be healthier than eating out. Studies suggest that people
who cook more often have an overall healthier diet (Pletcher, 2017). Cooking at home gives you
the opportunity to prepare the foods you love however you want, ensuring that it is healthy and
clean.
3.2.8 If bought outside, is it from the:

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Food cart 4 2 0 2 1 9 12.33%
Carinderia 10 7 2 4 5 28 38.35%
Restaurant/
13 7 4 7 5 36 49.32%
Fast food
TOTAL 27 16 6 13 11 73 100%
Table 3.2.8 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Where is the Food Being Bought by
the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
259
Figure 3.2.8 Pie Chart According to Where is the Food Being Bought by the Residents in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
Respondents who are not cooking at home answered that they are mostly buying from
restaurants or fast food chains and carinderias. Few are buying from food carts.
Interpretation
The graph and table shows where the respondents are buying their foods. Out of 73 who
responded that their foods are bought outside, 49.32% are buying from restaurants or fast food
chains. 38.35% are buying from carinderias and only 12.33%% are buying from food carts.
Health Implications
According to Encila (2021), Filipinos tend to buy foods from their local carinderias as a
way to destress from thinking what to eat and to keep the clutter away from the kitchen. Similar
to home-cooking, buying from carinderias might be healthier than buying from fast food chains
or restaurants. Carinderias are often family-run and offer traditional dishes that are suited for the
260
Filipino tongue. Unlike in fast food chains and restaurants, foods in some carinderias are cooked
in front of the consumers ensuring that it is fresh and clean.
3.2.9 Reason for Choosing the Preferred Food Preparation

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Convenient 13 11 5 19 7 55 35.26%
Variety of
9 7 0 1 6 23 14.74%
Choices
Cheaper 4 3 0 2 6 15 9.62%
Healthy 2 3 3 1 4 13 8.33%
NO
7 8 16 11 8 50 32.05%
ANSWER
TOTAL 35 32 24 34 31 156 100%
Table 3.2.9 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Choosing the Preferred
Food Preparation of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
261
Figure 3.2.9 Pie Chart According to Reason for Choosing the Preferred Food Preparation
Analysis
Most respondents’ reason for their chosen food preparation is due to the convenience
next is because of having a variety of choices. The least chosen reason for their preferred food
preparation is because it is healthy. Almost the same number of respondents who chose
convenience showed no answers.
Interpretation
The graph and table shows the frequency of the reason for food preparations. The
respondents are allowed to have multiple responses. Out of 156 total responses, 55 answered due
to convenience; 23 answered due to a variety of choices; 15 answered because it is cheap; 13
answered because it is healthy; and there are 50 who chose not to answer.
Health Implications
According to Perez (2017), cooking at home means to take time to make everything,
when if you are in a hurry you could just rush to the nearest fast food chain or restaurants (or
carinderias). Some people also have limited knowledge in cooking so buying outside is the
common thing to do for the sake of food variation.
Recommendations
Cooking at home is proven to be healthier than eating out. Studies suggest that people
who cook more often have an overall healthier diet (Pletcher, 2017). Cooking at home gives you
the opportunity to prepare the foods you love however you want, ensuring that it is healthy and
clean.
262
3.2.10 Frequency of Eating Canned/ Preserved Food

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Sometimes 18 14 16 15 16 79 66.95%
Every week 4 4 6 5 2 21 17.80%
Every
1 4 1 2 3 11 9.32%
other week
Everyday 1 2 1 1 1 6 5.08%
Never 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.85%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.2. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Frequency of Eating Canned/

Preserved Food of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.2. Pie Chart According to Frequency of Eating Canned/ Preserved Food of the
Analysis
263
Majority of the respondents answered “sometimes” when asked about the frequency of
eating canned goods or preserved foods.
Interpretation
The graph and table shows the frequency of preserved/canned goods consumption. 79 out
of 118 respondents answered sometimes, 21 answered every week, 11 answered every other
week, 6 answered everyday, and 1 respondent answered that they never eat preserve/canned
goods.
Health Implications
According to McDonell (2019), canned goods may contain BPA (bisphenol-A). It is a chemical
used in food packaging and known as an endocrine disruptor. BPA can also be associated with
heart disease and type 2 diabetes. A study has made it clear that eating canned goods is a leading
cause of BPA exposure.
Recommendations
Canned foods are safe to consume but often packed with excess sodium and preservatives
which could cause negative effects on your health. While some canned foods are claimed to be
healthier- with less or no salt and preservatives added- the can itself is tainted with BPA, a
chemical known as an endocrine disruptor. If you are going to purchase canned goods, make sure
that it is BPA-free or contains less sodium and preservatives (Buckingham, 2020).
3.2.11 Frequency of Eating Grilled Food

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Sometimes 21 20 21 17 16 95 80.51%
Every week 1 3 0 4 1 9 7.63%
Never 0 1 2 3 3 9 7.63%
264
Every
1 0 1 0 2 4 3.38%
other week
Everyday 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.85%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.2.11 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Frequency of Eating Grilled Food
Figure 3.2.11 Pie Chart According to Frequency of Eating Grilled Food of the Residents in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
Majority of the respondents answered that they eat grilled food sometimes.
Interpretation
The graph and table shows the frequency of grilled food consumption. 80.51% of the
respondents answered that they eat grilled foods sometimes, 7.63% answered every week and the
same percentage answered never, 3.38% answered every other week, and 0.85% answered that
they eat grilled foods everyday.
265
Health Implications
According to Fayed (2020), studies have found that eating grilled meat or chicken may
increase the risk of developing cancer. The problem most of the time is not the meat itself but it
comes down to carcinogens which may be formed as part of the grilling process. The heat or
temperature of the pan or grill (over 300 F) appears to increase cancer as well as the flames or
smoke which comes from the meat drippings coming in contact with the coal.
Recommendations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are

chemicals formed when meat, chicken, or fish are grilled. They have not been proven to cause
cancer but laboratory studies have shown that they alter human DNA in a way that could lead to
cancer (Egan, 2019). To avoid risks of cancers, it is recommended not to consume too much of
the black char on grilled food. It is also advised to cut time on grilling and precook the meat if
possible before grilling.
3.2.12 Frequency of Drinking Carbonated Beverages

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Sometimes 14 16 18 14 14 76 64.41%
Every week 5 7 3 5 2 22 18.64%
Every
4 1 0 2 2 9 7.63%
other week
Everyday 1 0 0 2 0 3 2.54%
Never 0 0 3 1 4 8 6.78%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.2.12 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Frequency of Drinking

Carbonated Beverages of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
266
Figure 3.2.12 Pie Chart According to Frequency of Drinking Carbonated Beverages of the
Analysis
Most of the respondents answered that they only drink carbonated drinks sometimes.
Interpretation
The graph and table shows the consumption frequency of carbonated beverages. 76 out of
118 respondents answered that they drink carbonated beverages sometimes, 22 answered every
week, 9 answered every other week, 3 answered everyday, and 8 respondents answered that they
never drink carbonated beverages
Health Implications
According to the Food and Drug Administration, carbonated beverages are safe to
consume but it can cause side effects especially when consumed regularly. It can cause tooth
decay, increase risk of obesity, belching and heartburn, reduced bone strength, and poor
nutrition.
Recommendations
267
A healthy alternative for carbonated sodas is carbonated water. Carbonated water can
occur naturally or can be artificially created by infusing carbon dioxide to the water (Scripps,
2019). According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, certain carbonated mineral waters
can improve bone health but it should not take the place of calcium-rich beverages, such as milk
(Meeks, 2021). Plain carbonated water consists of water and CO2 only meaning that there are no
added sugar, preservatives, or artificial flavorings, making it a healthier carbonated drink option.
268
Beliefs and Practices
269
3.3.1 Personnel Mostly Consulted in Times of Sickness/ Illness

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Doctor 23 22 24 23 20 112 61.54%
Nurse 15 10 2 10 2 39 21.43%
Midwife 3 0 0 0 0 3 1.65%
Barangay
Health 2 2 0 0 1 5 2.75%
Worker
Hilot 3 1 2 2 0 8 4.40%
Albularyo 1 0 0 0 2 3 1.65%
Elderly 6 4 1 0 1 12 6.58%
TOTAL 53 39 29 35 26 182 100%

Table 3.3.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Personnel Mostly Consulted in
Times of Sickness/ Illness by the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.3.1 Pie Chart According to Personnel Mostly Consulted in Times of Sickness/
Illness by the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
270
Analysis
The table 3.3.1 and figure 3.3.1 shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan that
most of the informants consult doctors in times of sickness/ illness.
Interpretation
The table 3.3.1 and figure 3.3.1 shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, out of
the 182 personnel consulted, 112 are doctors which is 61.54%, and followed by 39 that consult
nurses which is 21.43%.
Health Implications
According to HG.org, performing healthcare procedures or prescribing medication by unlicensed

individuals is illegal and might end up with the death of the client. If the client has been harmed,
this could be grounds for someone to be convicted.
Recommendations
Educate the risks of consulting health related matters to people who don't have a
background with health. Some of the risks involved are worsening of the condition and possible
death.
3.3.2 Measures Taken in Times of Sickness/ Illness
271
CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Consult a
private
16 19 19 16 9 79 47.88%
health
worker
Consult a
Rural
7 1 4 5 8 25 15.15%
Health
Team
See a
known
1 2 3 1 2 9 5.45%
community
healer
Self-
16 13 8 9 6 52 31.52%
medication
TOTAL 40 35 34 31 25 165 100%

Table 3.3.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Measures Taken in Times of
Sickness/ Illness of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
Figure 3.3.2 Pie Chart According to Measures Taken in Times of Sickness/ Illness of the
Analysis
The table 3.3.2 and figure 3.3.2 shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan that most of
the informants consult a private health worker followed by doing self-medication in times of
sickness/ illness.
Interpretation
The table 3.3.2 and figure 3.3.2 shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan that out of the
165 responses, 79 of them or 47.88% consult a private health worker, 52 or 31.52% self-
272
medicate, 25 or 15.15% consult a rural health team, and 9 or 5.45% see a known community
healer.
Health Implications
Self-medication is diagnosing one’s self and taking available medication for what they
are feeling. This could lead to misdiagnosis which would end up in worsening of the condition,
heightened risk for drug to drug interaction, and drug dependence and abuse.
Recommendations
Recognizing the reasons why someone is performing self-medication and educating them
about the risks of not receiving proper medical care and continuing with self-medication could
decrease the risk of potentially dangerous outcomes.
3.3.3 Medication/ Treatment Taken in Times of Sickness/ Illness

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Prescribed
22 8 20 15 17 82 49.40%
by Doctor
Self-
Medication
14 13 8 10 10 55 33.13%
/ OTC
drugs
Herbals 9 4 6 2 8 29 17.47%
TOTAL 45 25 34 27 35 166 100%
273
Table 3.3.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Medication/ Treatment Taken in
Times of Sickness/ Illness of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.3.3 Pie Chart According to Medication/ Treatment Taken in Times of Sickness/
Illness of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan in times of sickness or illness
the medication or treatment taken usually followed by the informants are prescribed by the
doctor.
Interpretation
As shown on the graph, 49.40% or 82 of the population in Barangay Mojon usual

treatment for sickness or illness are prescribed by doctor, while 33.13% or 55 of the population
are into self-medication or taking OTC drugs, and lastly for 17.47% or 29 of the population are
using herbal supplements.
Health Implications
274
Modern consumers (patients) wish to take a greater role in the maintenance of their own
health and are often competent to manage (uncomplicated) chronic and recurrent illnesses (not
merely short-term symptoms) after proper medical diagnosis and with only occasional
professional advice, e.g. use of histamine H2-receptor blocker, topical corticosteroid, antifungal
and oral contraceptive. They are understandably unwilling to submit to the inconvenience of
visiting a doctor for what they rightly feel they can manage for themselves, given adequate
information.
Recommendations
There is a need for established guidelines regarding discontinuation of selected natural

products prior to surgery and further education is needed concerning the perioperative
implications of natural products (King, 2009). Self-medication-induced morbidity might be
prevented by the documentation of medicines in the medical record and review of the medical
record before new medications are prescribed. Review and documentation of nonprescription
substances are uncommon in primary care practice.
Faced with the extensive distribution of many herbal preparations and the risk of self-
medication, consumers, clinicians, pharmacists, and health care professionals should be vigilant
with potentially toxic herbal OTC products. Personal use of dietary supplements and herbal OTC
products correlated with a twofold increase in the likelihood that a pharmacist would recommend
a dietary supplement to a patient (Howard, 20021). This indicates that there is a need among
pharmacists for dietary supplements information to be included in pharmacy computer systems,
specifically to check for interactions against the patient's drug profile. Although practitioners as
well as journal articles are preferred information sources, the internet and the personal talk with
the pharmacist are also important sources. Pharmacists should provide competent information on
non-prescription herbal products and dietary supplements. It is essential for pharmacists to
counsel patients and the general public on the benefits and risks associated with supplement use.
(Newton, 2002)
275
3.3.4 Medical Check-Up Whether in Private or Government Institution

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Once a
4 13 13 10 8 48 40.68%
year
Twice a
7 7 5 8 11 38 32.20%
year
More than
9 4 6 6 3 28 23.73%
a year
None 4 0 0 0 0 4 3.39%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 24 118 100%
Table 3.3.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Medical Check-Up Whether in

Private or Government Institution of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.3.4 Pie Chart According to Medical Check-Up Whether in Private or Government
Institution of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
276
Analysis
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan the informants have their
medical check-up whether in a private or government institution once a year.
Interpretation
As shown on the graph, 40.68% or 48 of the population in Barangay Mojon have their
medical check-up once a year, while 32.20% or 38 of the population usually for twice a year,
also 23.73% or 28 of the population said they have their medical check-up for more than a year,
and lastly 3.39% or 4 of the population have no medical check-up in a private or government
institution.
Health Implications
How trust in providers affects health care-seeking behaviour is not well understood.
Focus groups and household surveys were conducted to examine how informants describe their
trust in public and private providers, and to assess whether a difference exists in provider trust
levels. The reasons for trusting public and private providers differ, and that informants’ trust in
and relationship with providers is one of the important considerations affecting where they seek
care. People believed that public providers were ‘honest’ and ‘sincere’, did not ‘bad mouth
people’ and explained the ‘status of [the] disease’. Informants trusted public providers for their
skills and abilities, and for an effective referral system. In contrast, respondents noted that seeing
private providers was ‘comfortable and easy’, that they ‘come to our home’ and patients can
‘owe [them] some money’. Private providers were trusted for being very friendly and
approachable, extremely thorough and careful, and easy to contact. Among those who sought
care in the past 30 days, trust in the health care provider was listed as the fifth and second most
important consideration for choosing public or private providers, respectively. The importance of
trust as a unique concept that can affect people’s choice of health care providers in a low-income
country.
277
Recommendations
Adolescents and parents reported that the most effective way to encourage preventive
care utilization among household members was to directly address provider-level barriers related
to the timeliness, privacy, confidentiality, comprehensiveness, and continuity of their preventive
care. They reported that incentives might also be an effective way to increase preventive care
utilization. To improve adolescent receipt of surveillance and guidance on sensitive health-
related topics, most adolescents suggested that the best way to encourage clinician–adolescent
discussion was to increase private face-to-face discussions with a clinician with whom they had a
continuous and confidential relationship. Adolescents reported that the use of text messaging, e-
mail, and internet for providing information and counseling on various sensitive health-related
topics would also encourage adolescent utilization of preventive health services. Parents,
however, more often preferred that their family members receive these services through in-office
discussions and clinician-provided brochures.
3.3.5 Dental Check-Up Whether in Private or Government Institution

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Once a
6 13 16 8 9 52 44.07%
year
Twice a
7 1 5 2 9 24 20.34%
year
More than
8 10 3 11 3 35 29.66%
a year
None 3 0 0 3 1 7 5.93%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.3.5 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Dental Check-Up Whether in

Private or Government Institution of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
278
Figure 3.3.5 Pie Chart According to Dental Check-Up Whether in Private or Government
Institution of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
Majority of the households in the community are getting regular dental check-ups once a
year.
Interpretation
Figure 3.3.5 shows the summary of the result for the dental check-up performed by the
community members of the Barangay Mojon. The illustrated figure above shows how often the
respondents did dental check-ups, and 44.07% responded that they received dental check-ups
once a year. Alongside this, 20.34% respond twice a year, 29.66% answer more than a year, and
5.93% claim that they have not received a dental check-up at all.
279
Health Implications
According to the American Dental Association, frequent dental check-ups are vital in
maintaining the healthy status of the teeth and gums. Dental physicians can detect problems or
disease and they may provide early and effective intervention.
Recommendations
Oral health can affect one's overall health. The suggested dental check-ups are every 6
months or twice a year. Regular dental-check ups and cleaning is a form of preventative care and
early treatment of dental problems is less costly and requires less time. Dental check-ups must be
as natural and frequent as medical check-ups.
3.4 Community Health Programs
3.4.1.a Services of the Barangay Health Center

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
With
15 22 22 17 19 95 80.51%
Answer
NO
9 2 2 7 3 23 19.49%
ANSWER
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.4.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Services of the Barangay Health
Center in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
280
Figure 3.4.a Pie Chart According to Services of the Barangay Health Center in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that most of the households in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos City, Bulacan are
aware of all their services in the barangay health center.
Interpretation
Figure 3.4.a depicts most of the families in the community of Brgy. Mojon, Malolos City,
Bulacan are aware that they have services in their Barangay Health Center. As shown in the
figure above, 80.51% of the families in the community are aware of the different health services
offered in their Barangay Health Center while 19.49% of the families in the community are
unaware of the different health services offered in their Barangay Health Center.
281
3.4.1.b List of Health Services Available in the Barangay Health Center

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Free
birthing 1 0 0 0 1 2 0.82
services
Physical
2 0 0 0 0 2 0.82
Therapy
TB Dots/
TB Control 2 2 0 0 0 4 1.63
Program
Health
3 0 2 0 0 5 2.04
Seminar
Medical
2 0 1 0 4 7 2.86
Mission
Feeding
4 0 1 1 1 7 2.86
Program
Family
5 0 2 0 1 8 3.27
Planning
Free
Circumcisi 4 1 0 1 3 9 3.67
on
Deworming 5 1 0 1 2 9 3.67
Dental
Check-up 2 1 3 4 0 10 4.08
and Care
Pediatric
or Neonatal 2 1 3 2 3 11 4.49
Check-up
Anti-rabies 5 1 1 2 2 11 4.49
Maternity
4 0 3 2 6 15 6.12
Check-up
Blood 2 1 3 7 6 19 7.76
282
Pressure
Check-up
Free
Medication
3 6 6 6 9 30 12.24
s and
Vitamins
Free
7 5 9 7 5 33 13.47
Check-up
Free
7 15 17 10 14 63 25.71
Vaccine
TOTAL 60 34 51 43 57 245 100%

Table 3.4.1.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of List of Health Services Available
in the Barangay Health Center in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.4.1.b Pie Chart According to List of Health Services Available in the Barangay
Health Center in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
283
The families in the community said that they have the following services in the
community of Brgy Mojon, but most of the families select the free vaccination service.
Interpretation
Figure 3.4.1.b shows the answers of respondents from Brgy. Mojon for Services in the
Community. 25.71% of the population said that free vaccination is the service they received. By
looking at the figure, we will see that there are various health services that Barangay Health
Center of Mojon can offer such as Free birthing services, Physical Therapy, TB DOTS, Health
Seminar, Medical Mission, Feeding Program, Family Planning, Free Circumcision, Deworming,
Dental Check-up and Care, Pediatric Check-up, Anti-rabies vaccination, Maternity Check-up,
Blood Pressure Check-up, Free Medications, and Free Check-up.
3.4.2 Immunization Record
3.4.2.a Age in Months

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
0-12
2 2 1 2 2 9 45%
months old
13-24
0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
months old
25-36
0 0 1 0 1 2 10%
months old
37-48
0 0 1 2 1 4 20%
months old
49-60
2 0 2 0 0 4 20%
months old
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
The youngest child is 3 months old while there are two 50 months old children which are the
oldest.
Table 3.4.2.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Age in Months of the Children in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
284
Figure 3.4.2.a Pie Chart According to Age in Months of the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5
Analysis
The table shows the ages in months of children in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
Interpretation
As seen in the table above, 45% or 9 out of the total population of 20 children are
between the ages of 0-12 months, while the 5% or 1 child that is about 13-24 months old. The
graph presents the youngest and oldest child in barangay Mojon as well. A 3 months old being
the youngest, while there are two children that are 50 months old, the oldest amongst the
population.
Health Implications
According to DOH, routine immunization of newborns and infants up to 12 months under

five years of age shall be maintained and regulated even in times of pandemic. This
memorandum explicitly provides instruction on the importance of immunization service being
maintained, no exceptions are valid unless those who are immunocompromised and cannot
285
receive vaccines because it can cause them certain illnesses that places them at a greater risk of
infection. (Iannelli, 2021).
There are certain ages and schedules to follow when receiving vaccines, as some shall be
given in terms of timing, spacing and combinations. These should be strictly monitored and
followed. If missed immunization happens, the child does not have to start from the beginning,
but the resumption of the scheduled vaccine must be consulted with the physician.
Recommendations
Even with the health restrictions posed by the Covid-19, the delivery of vaccines are
maintained and routine immunization services are uninterrupted. (DOH, 2020) To continue to
enable vaccinations and maintain high population immunity against vaccine-preventable
infections, the Department of Health imposed requirements that are consistent with national
infection control recommendations. Encouragement of private clinics should continue to provide
vaccination services while adhering to stringent infection prevention and control guidelines.
Clinic overcrowding must be prevented. Physical separation will be enforced.
The DOH also imposed to record and list down names of children who are unable or have
missed their vaccine to catch up immediately once the covid-19 situation permits. The
government’s implementation of strict adherence to routine immunization addresses the parents'
concern about immunization, hence it is expected that parents immunize their child accordingly.
3.4.2.b Gender of the Children

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Male 4 2 2 1 1 10 50%
Female 0 0 4 3 3 10 50%
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.4.2.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Gender of the Children in Purok
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
286
Figure 3.4.2.b Pie Chart According to Gender of the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table presents the gender of the children in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Interpretation
The graph reflects an equal percentage of 50% to both genders. 10 children are male and
10 are female in Barangay Mojon.
Health Implications
Studies show that sex is one factor that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses,
leading to sex-specific outcomes from infectious and autoimmune illnesses, cancers, and
vaccinations. Differences in sex contributes to response in immunity including inactivted
vaccines such as hapatitis A nd B, diphtheria, herpes simplex virus-2 infection (genital herpes),
influenza, meningococcal meningitis, pneumococcal disease (using pneumococcal
polysaccharide), rabies and tetanus and live vaccines such as those against measles, rubella,
smallpox, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and yellow fever, are recorded present in both
287
children and adults. The study examined the antibody responses of both genders, it shows that
females often have higher immunity responses than male, hence administration of vaccines are in
lower doses. (Klein & Flanagan, 2016)
Recommendations
Future research must determine the particular variables underlying sex variations in
immune responses, with the understanding that this will most likely reflect complicated interplay
between hormones, genes, and our environment.
3.4.2.c Vaccines Received by the Children
CRITERIA PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK FREQUENCY PERCENTAG
288
1 2 3 4 5 E
BCG 4 2 6 4 4 20 10.10%
DPT 1 4 2 6 4 4 20 10.10%
DPT 2 4 1 6 4 4 19 9.60%
DPT 3 4 1 6 3 4 18 9.09%
Hepa B 1 4 2 6 3 4 19 9.60%
Hepa B 2 4 1 6 3 3 17 8.59%
Hepa B 3 4 1 5 3 3 16 8.08%
OPV 1 4 1 6 3 4 18 9.09%
OPV 2 4 1 6 3 4 18 9.09%
OPV 3 4 1 6 3 4 18 9.09%
Measles
3 1 5 3 3 15 7.58%
Vaccine
TOTAL 43 14 64 36 41 198 100%

Table 3.4.2.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Vaccines Received by the
289
Figure 3.4.2.c Pie Chart According to Vaccines Received by the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows the type of vaccines received by the children in Barangay Mojon,
Malolos, Bulacan.
Interpretation
The table depicted the most number of vaccines received by the children in Barangay
Mojon are BCG and DPT 1 with both 10% or majority of the children are immunized with the
aforementioned vaccines. Measles vaccine is the lowest acquired vaccine with 8% or a total of
16 children.
Health Implications
The risk of delaying and entirely skipping immunization poses a great threat not only to
the children, but the family and the whole community, as well. Some vaccines prevent the
290
acquisition of contagious diseases such as Measles that can spread quickly and be acquired by
children who are not yet immunized.
Recommendations
The parents are responsible for safe keeping and tracking of immunization records of
their children (CDC, 2019). It is of importance that these records are accessible and shared with
the respective doctors of their children and it must be updated and well-tracked since some
vaccines are given more than once, in different ages and in certain combinations. (Stanford, n.d)
It is also of importance to note the community response to vaccine inadequacy if there’s any.
3.4.2.d Vaccination Status of the Children

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Fully
Immunized 3 1 4 3 3 14 70%
Child
Complete
according 1 1 1 1 1 5 25%
to Age
Incomplete
according 0 0 1 0 0 1 5%
to Age
TOTAL 4 2 6 4 4 20 100%
Table 3.4.2.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Vaccination Status of the
291
Figure 3.4.2.d Pie Chart According to Vaccination Status of the Children in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5
Analysis
As seen on the presented graph, the majority of the children in the community of
Barangay Mojon are in complete vaccine status.
Interpretation
The graph shows the vaccination status of the children, 70% or 14 children out 20 are
fully immunized according to age. While 5% or 1 child in the community is incomplete with
vaccines according to age.
Health Implications
According to Stanford Children’s Health, providing routine vaccination among children

guarantees the protection from certain diseases such as polio, tetanus and diphtheria that are
proven fatal. When children are exposed to the actual disease, the vaccine works by allowing the
body to get familiarized to the weakened viruses from the introduced vaccine and in response,
the immune system is able to form antibodies to prevent contracting certain diseases.
292
The risk of delaying and entirely skipping immunization poses a great threat not only to
the children, but the family and the whole community, as well. Some vaccines prevent the
acquisition of contagious diseases such as Measles that can spread quickly and be acquired by
children who are not yet immunized.
Recommendations
The parents are responsible for safe keeping and tracking of immunization records of
their children (CDC, 2019). It is of importance that these records are accessible and shared with
the respective doctors of their children and it must be updated and well-tracked since some
vaccines are given more than once, in different ages and in certain combinations. (Stanford, n.d)
It is also of importance to note the community response to vaccine inadequacy if there’s any.
3.4.3 Ante-natal Registration
293
3.4.3.a Family Member That is Currently Pregnant

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
With
Pregnant
0 0 0 1 1 2 1.69%
Family
Member
None 24 24 24 23 21 116 98.31%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.4.3.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Family Member That is
Currently Pregnant in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Figure 3.4.3.a Pie Chart According to Family Member That is Currently Pregnant in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
294
The table shows the number of households who has a family member that are currently
pregnant
Interpretation
As shown in the graph 1.69% of the total households or 2 out of 118 households has a
family member that is currently pregnant
Health Implications
Pregnancy comes with a lot of risks; about half a million women die each year in
pregnancy or childbirth, almost all of them (99%) in poor countries (Blurn & Fargues, 1990;
Population Reports, 1988). . For every woman who dies as a result of pregnancy, there are many
more who suffer major and often lifelong complications (Population Reports, 1988).
3.4.3.b Total Number of Pregnant Women in the Community

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Pregnant
0 0 0 1 1 2 1.69%
Women
Not
24 24 24 23 21 116 98.31%
Pregnant
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.4.3.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Total Number of Pregnant
Women in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
295
Figure 3.4.3.b Pie Chart According to Total Number of Pregnant Women in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows Total Number of Pregnant Women in Purok 1, 2, 3,4 and 5
Interpretation
As shown in the graph, 1.69% of the population or 2 out of 156 members in the Barangay has a
pregnant women in Purok 1, 2, 3,4 and 5
Health Implications
According to Lagadec, 2018, Pregnancy is a time of profound physical and emotional

change. These changes can influence pregnant women's quality of life as well as maternal and
newborn health, even in uncomplicated pregnancies (pregnancy monitoring, pregnancy
outcomes, maternal postpartum health, and the psychomotor development of the infant).
Recommendations
296
Traditional pregnancy outcome indicators like morbidity and mortality rates are still
necessary. They are, however, insufficient in and of itself because population health should be
examined not only in terms of saving lives, but also in terms of increasing quality of life so
focusing on Maternal health is a must. Better implementation of maternal campaigns and
protocols enacted by the DOH.
3.4.3.c Age of Gestation

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
28 weeks 0 0 0 0 1 1 50%
38 weeks 0 0 0 1 0 1 50%
TOTAL 0 0 0 1 1 2 100%
Table 3.4.3.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Age of Gestation of Pregnant
Figure 3.4.3.c Pie Chart According to Age of Gestation of Pregnant Women in Purok 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5
297
Analysis
The table shows the age of gestation of pregnant women in purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Interpretation
As shown in the graph, 50% or half the number of the pregnant woman is in 28 weeks of
gestation while the other 50% of pregnant was in it’s 38 weeks of gestation
Health Implications
Throughout pregnancy, healthcare providers utilize gestational age to determine when to

perform various screening tests and assessments on the fetus and mother. Gestational age can be
determined at any point during pregnancy. In 28 weeks of Gestation, The fetus continues to grow
and create body fat reserves. Hearing is fully developed at this point. The fetus moves around a
lot and responds to stimuli like sound, pain, and light. The amniotic fluid starts to deplete. If your
baby is born prematurely, he or she is likely to survive until the seventh month. While in 38
weeks of gestation, The position of the fetus may have changed at this point to prepare for birth.
It should be head down in your uterus in the ideal situation. As the fetus descends into your
pelvis and prepares for birth, you may feel very uncomfortable.
Recommendations
Gestational age is used to determine a likely due date, guide obstetrical care and testing,
and assess the health of the baby at birth. It's used as a reference to see if the baby is growing
normally and when specific prenatal testing should be done. Infants who are born smaller or
larger than expected for their gestational age may require more frequent monitoring.
3.4.3.d Prenatal Check-up

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
With 0 0 0 1 1 2 100%
298
Regular
Prenatal
Checkup
Table 3.4.3.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Prenatal Check-up of Pregnant
Figure 3.4.3.d Pie Chart According to Prenatal Check-up of Pregnant Women in Purok 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The tables shows the number of pregnant woman in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Barangay
Mojon who receive prenatal check-ups
Interpretation
As shown in the graph, 100 % of the number of pregnant woman in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5 in Barangay Mojon have received prenatal check-ups
Health Implications
299
Prenatal Check-ups lowers the risk of issues throughout pregnancy and helps to avoid
complications during delivery. Regular prenatal care gives you important information about
changes in your body that could jeopardize the pregnancy or your health. It could assess further
complications such as anemia, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and other infections that could
compromise pregnancy.
Recommendations
Maintaining the compliance to health-care system actions to promote prenatal care usage
and quality.
3.4.3.e Tetanus Vaccination Status

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
With
Tetanus 0 0 0 1 1 2 100%
Vaccine
Table 3.4.3.e Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Tetanus Vaccination Status of
Pregnant Women in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
300
Figure 3.4.3.e Pie Chart According to Tetanus Vaccination Status of Pregnant Women in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows the Tetanus Vaccination Status of Pregnant Women in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5 Barangay Mojon
Interpretation
As shown in the graph, 100% of the population of pregnant women in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

and 5 Barangay Mojon have received Tetanus vaccination.
Health Implications
Tetanus kills an estimated 180 000 newborns (approximately 5% of all neonatal deaths)
and up to 30 000 women (about 5% of all maternal deaths) per year over the world. The
vaccination is given to women of reproductive age and pregnant women in order to prevent them
and their newborn infants from tetanus.
Recommendations
301
According to WHO, All pregnant women should get a tetanus toxoid immunization.
Depending on previous tetanus vaccination exposure, women may be able to prevent newborn
mortality.
3.4.4 Family Planning (only for: Women who are 12 yrs. (menarche age) to 40-45 yrs. (until
menopause age); with partner(s); or plans to get pregnant)
3.4.4.a Perception on Family Planning

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Acceptor 16 6 9 8 4 43 36.44%
Non-
1 11 5 5 6 28 23.73%
Acceptor
Not
7 7 10 11 12 47 39.83%
Applicable
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Table 3.4.4.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Perception on Family Planning of
the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
302
Figure 3.4.4.a Pie Chart According to Perception on Family Planning of the Residents in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Analysis
The table shows that family planning is not applicable to the majority of the family in the
community. A large percentage of families in the community are acceptors of family planning
compared to non-acceptors.
Interpretation
As shown on the graph, it represents the families in the community who are acceptors,
non-acceptors, and those families where family planning is not applicable for them. The graph
depicts that 36.44% of the population in Barangay Mojon is an acceptor of family planning and
23.73% of the population are non-acceptors of family planning.
Health Implications
According to the Commission on Population (POPCOM) of the Department of Health,

Family planning is a program that allows parents to make thoughtful and responsible decisions
regarding birth spacing by delaying birth for the time bein or even indefinitely. The availability
303
of family planning services enables individuals to reach desired birth spacing and family size. It
may lead to improving better health outcomes for newborns, children, women, and families
(“Family Planning,” 2020). The large percentage of family planning acceptors in the community
of Barangay Mojon reduces poverty, contributes to mitigating the effects of rapidly expanding
populations, and improves the economic-wellbeing of families and the community itself.
Recommendations
The health of the women, children, families, and communities is improved when
effective family planning is upheld. Communities and nations will benefit from stronger,
healthier, more productive citizens who can better care for themselves, educate their children,
and put less strain on limited resources (“Promoting Family Planning,” 2018). By continuous
counseling and educating teenage women, those who are planning to give birth, and parents in
the community about the benefits of accepting family planning will reduce the number of high-
risk pregnancies and promote the economic development and security of the community.
3.4.4.b Reason for Practicing Family Planning

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Good for
health of 14 6 9 5 3 37 68.52%
family
Personal
8 0 0 3 3 14 25.93%
belief
Influence
2 0 0 0 0 2 3.70%
by others
Religious
1 0 0 0 0 1 1.85%
belief
TOTAL 25 6 9 8 6 54 100%
Table 3.4.4.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Practicing Family
Planning of the Residents in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
304
Figure 3.4.4.b Pie Chart According to Reason for Practicing Family Planning of the
Analysis
Most of the respondents in the community stated that they are practicing family planning
because it is good for the health of the family, wherein the least number of respondents' reason
for not practicing family planning is due to their personal beliefs.
Interpretation
As illustrated in the graph, there are four reasons why the families in the community
choose to practice family planning. 37 or 68.52% of the family chose good health for the family
as the reason why they practice family planning, 14 or 25.93% of them decided that due to their
religious beliefs, 2 or 3.70 % of them conclude that it is due to the influence of others. Lastly, the
smallest number of responses with 1 or 1.85% of the family is due to their personal beliefs. This
section can be answered with multiple responses.
Health Implications
305
Family planning can assist a couple or an individual in deciding what is best for their
sexual and reproductive health. Financial security is built when careful birth timing and spacing
are practiced, allowing to raise a family that can be properly cared for. A well-cared family is a
healthy family, and a healthy family is the cornerstone of a healthy community (“Importance of
Family Planning”, 2020, March).
The large percentage of families that decide family planning is good for the health of the
family opens an opportunity to have a positive health outcome for the community. According to
the Medical City - a health institution in the Philippines, sexually-transmitted infections can be
prevented, infant mortality rates reduced, and pregnancy complications can be minimized when
family planning is practiced.
Recommendations
The health decision-makers at all levels in the community must have a program to present
a variety of factors and justifications to prioritize family planning as a foundational component
of health and long-term improvement strategies. Through public outreach and active
collaboration between healthcare providers, expanded understanding about the importance of
preconception care is attained (“Importance of Family Planning”, 2020, March).
3.4.4.c Reason for Not Practicing Family Planning

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Personal
1 11 5 5 6 28 96.55%
belief
Religious
0 0 0 1 0 1 3.45%
belief
TOTAL 1 11 5 6 6 29 100%
Table 3.4.4.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Reason for Not Practicing Family
306
Figure 3.4.4.c Pie Chart According to Reason for Not Practicing Family Planning of the
Analysis
Most of the respondents in the community stated that they are not practicing family
planning due to their personal beliefs, wherein the least number of respondents' reason for not
practicing family planning is due to their religious beliefs.
Interpretation
As illustrated in the graph, there are two main reasons why do the families in the
community choose to not practice family planning. Most of the answers are because of their
personal beliefs equating to a percentage of 96.55% of the families in the community. While
3.45% of the families said that their reason is their religious beliefs. The family who is practicing
family planning are the only ones required to answer this portion.
Health Implications
307
According to Zimmerman (2021, May), norms and personal beliefs are informed by
social interactions that convey broader societal expectations regarding fertility and contraceptive
behaviors. Both positive and negative personal beliefs greatly influenced the low acceptability of
an individual to practice family planning. Low acceptability of family planning leads to high
fertility rates and maternal deaths (Mubangizi, n.d).
Recommendations
There should be family planning programs for the community. This program will identify
the perception and specific beliefs of families in engaging themselves in family planning. It
provides awareness about the different myths that may affect their personal beliefs in not
practicing family planning. Furthermore, identifying their beliefs can help health care
implementers to develop a plan that can motivate them to practice and engage themselves in
family planning. Contraceptive uptake and continuation are improved when a family planning
program that promotes positive beliefs is upheld (Zimmerman, 2021).
3.4.4.d Modern Methods Used in Family Planning
308
CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 2 3 4 5 E
Pills 11 3 6 3 3 26 44.07%
Condoms 5 1 5 2 2 15 25.42%
Female
Sterilizatio
n/ Bilateral 2 2 2 2 0 8 13.56%
Tubal
Ligation
Standard
days 0 0 3 1 2 6 10.17%
Method
Vasectomy 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.69%
Injectable 2 0 0 0 1 3 5.08%
TOTAL 20 7 16 8 8 59 100%
Table 3.4.4.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Modern Methods Used in Family
Figure 3.4.4.d Pie Chart According to Modern Methods Used in Family Planning of the
309
Analysis
The table shows that most of the families in the community answer pills as their
commonly used method for family planning, while the least of choice is vasectomy.
Interpretation
The graph illustrated the six methods used by the respondents for family planning.
44.07% of the families in the community is using pills, 25.42% of the families in the community
is using condoms, 13.56% of the families in the community is using female sterilization/bilateral
tubal ligation, 10.17% of the families in the community is using standard days method, 5.08% of
the families in the community is using injectable, while the least of choice equating to 1.69% is
the vasectomy.
Health Implications
The large percentage of families are using pills as their method of family planning. As
oral contraceptive pills are an over-the-counter medicine, it provides risk of improper usage and
causes health problems and side effects for the user. According to Barakat (2020, December),
oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have become globally abundant and usable by the vast majority
of women. Oral contraceptive pills are profoundly highly susceptible to being used inaccurately.
These pills are readily available in the market thus can be utilized for unintended indications like
using them for a longer duration than intended without any medical prescription.
Recommendations
Safe and proper use of oral contraceptive pills should be implemented. An extensive
informative campaign about who and how the pill can be used, its safety and potential health
benefits along with its detailed indications. Proper precaution in taking the OCPs is important to
310
avoid having any health problems. The pill is easy to use and, when taken correctly, it is 95% to
99.9% successful at preventing pregnancy. However as with any medication, there are both risks
and benefits (Woods,n.d.).
3.5 Health Indicators

3.5.1 Morbidity:
Purok Purok Puro Purok Purok

1 2 k3 4 5
No 13 16 15 15 10 69 58.47%
Yes 11 8 9 9 12 49 41.53%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.5.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution on Morbidity in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

311
Figure 3.5.1 Pie Chart According to Morbidity in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay
Analysis:
The table and the graph shows reported morbidity cases in some households in Brgy.
Interpretation:
The table shows the number of morbidity cases. As shown in the table, 58.47% or 69
households in the community said that there are no morbidity cases in their house. In contrast,
41.53% or 49 households reported a presence of morbidity cases.
Health Implication:
Morbidity refers to a person having an illness, whether it is an acute or chronic condition.
Some examples of morbidity are diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, heart disease, etc. People
may also have more than one illness or condition at the same time, known as comorbidity.
According to DOH, the leading causes of morbidity are respiratory infections, bronchitis, and
hypertension.
Recommendation:
312
Screening and monitoring of morbidity cases of the community can help to check the
morbidity rate in the barangay to provide the health care needs of the people with morbidity.
Other than that, providing health education to the community on what morbidity is and the
factors that may cause it to increase the citizen’s knowledge and awareness about the prevention,
reduces the severity, factors and provide interventions related to these conditions.
3.5.1.a Morbidity According to Age:

1 2 3 4 5
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
13 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
17 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.52%
20 0 0 0 1 1 2 3.03%
21 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.52%
22 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.52%
24 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.52%
26 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
27 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
28 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
313
30 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
31 0 0 2 0 0 2 3.03%
32 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.52%
40 1 1 0 1 1 4 6.06%
42 0 0 0 0 2 2 3.03%
43 1 1 0 0 2 4 6.06%
44 0 0 1 1 0 2 3.03%
45 1 0 0 1 2 4 6.06%
49 2 1 1 0 2 6 9.09%
50 2 1 0 0 0 3 4.55%
52 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.52%
53 1 1 2 0 0 4 6.06%
54 1 0 1 0 1 3 4.55%
55 0 0 2 0 0 2 3.03%
56 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.52%
57 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
58 0 1 0 0 1 2 3.03%
59 0 1 1 0 0 2 3.03%
61 1 1 0 0 0 2 3.03%
62 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
65 0 1 0 1 0 2 3.03%
66 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.52%
69 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.52%
75 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.52%
79 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
84 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.52%
TOTAL 20 10 14 9 13 66 100%
314
Table 3.5.1.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Morbidity According to Age
Figure 3.5.1.a Pie Chart According to Morbidity in terms of Age in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Analysis:
The table and the graph show the number of morbidity cases according to age in
Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan. The highest percentage of morbidity is at the age of 49
years old.
315
Interpretation:
The table shows the presence of morbidity according to age. As shown in the table, the
highest percentage obtained for the number of morbidities according to age is 49 years old with a
frequency of 6 that is equivalent to 9.09%. On the other hand, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 1
year old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 13 years old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 17 years
old, 3.03% with a frequency of 2 are 20 years old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 21 years old,
1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 22 year old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 24 years old, 1.52%
with a frequency of 1 is 26 years old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is is 27 years old, 1.52%
with a frequency of 1 is 28 years old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 30 years old, 3.03% with a
frequency of 2 are 31 years old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 32 years old, 6.06% with a
frequency of 4 are 40 years old, 3.03% with a frequency of 2 are 42 years old, 6.06% with a
frequency of 1 is 52 years old, 6.06% with a frequency of 4 are 53 years old, 4.55% with a
frequency of 1 is 56 years old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 57 years old, 3.03% with a
frequency of 1 is 69 years old, 1.52% with a frequency of 1 is 75 years old, and lastly, 1.52%
with a frequency of 1 is 79 years old.
Health Implication:
Age is the leading risk factor for prevalent diseases. With age, the disease burden
increases. The same pathways that modulate longevity affect the development of multiple, age-
related pathologies. Other than that, as people get old, diseases appear depending on their
lifestyle throughout their aging process.
Recommendation:
Raise citizens' awareness and knowledge by providing health education in age groups.
Motivate them to improve and maintain their health, prevent other diseases, and avoid unhealthy
behaviors. Also, individuals who have conditions should have a consultation with health
professionals. Therefore the barangay may provide consultation services and medications for
morbidity to aid their needs.
316
3.5.1.b Morbidity According to Gender
Purok Purok Purok Puro Purok

1 2 3 k4 5
Male 9 1 6 2 3 21 31.82%
Female 11 9 8 7 10 45 68.18%
TOTAL 20 10 14 9 13 66 100%
Table 3.5.1.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Morbidity according to

Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
317
Figure 3.5.1.b Pie Chart According to Morbidity in terms of Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
Analysis:
The table and the graph show that the morbidity rate in Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan is higher in females than in males.
Interpretation:
The table shows that 68.18% of morbidity cases in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
are females with a frequency of 45, while 21 males are reported with morbidity, which is
equivalent to 31.82% .
Health Implication:
Gender influences the development and course of risk factors and conditions such as
obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health problems. According to WHO, In high-
income countries, 18% of women die from heart disease, often considered a disease of males.
Globally, heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in high-income countries and
the second most crucial cause in low- and middle-income countries.
Recommendation:
Health education about morbidity improves the knowledge of the citizens about it. Health
teaching on men and women about modifiable risk factors could lead to specific health
conditions. Other than that, equality in terms of services must be applied to both genders to
provide for their health care needs.
318
3.5.1.c Cause of morbidity
1 2 3 4 5
Acid peptic 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.27%
disease
Acid Reflux 0 2 0 0 0 2 2.53%
Asthma 0 0 3 2 1 6 7.59%
Allergic Rhinitis 0 0 1 0 0 2 2.53%
Diabetes 5 3 1 2 2 13 16.46%
Dengue 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.27%
Cholelithiasis 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.27%
Congenital 0 0 1 1 0 2 2.53%
COVID-19 4 0 0 0 0 4 5.06%
Katandaan(Old 1 0 1 0 0 2 2.53%
age)
Hypertension 10 3 4 6 7 30 37.97%
Eating habits 1 0 2 0 2 5 6.33%
High Blood 1 0 1 0 0 2 2.53%
Sugar (Hyper-
glycemia)
Kidney Cyst 0 1 0 2 0 3 3.80%
Fibroa- 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.27%
denoma
Weather 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.27%
Hyperlipidemia 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.27%
Liver Problem 0 2 0 0 0 2 2.53%
Table 3.5.1.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Morbidity according to Cause of
Morbidity in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
319
Figure 3.5.1.c Pie Chart According to Morbidity in terms of Cause of Morbidity in
Analysis:
The table and the graph indicate the eighteen (18) different causes of reported morbidity
cases in some households in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
Interpretation:
As shown in the table and graph above, the top five (5) causes of morbidity are
hypertension, diabetes, asthma, eating habits, and COVID-19. Whereas, among seventy-nine
(79) morbidity cases, 30 or 37.97% of these are caused by hypertension while 13 or 16.46% of
these are caused by diabetes. On the other hand, 6 or 7.59% of these are caused by asthma, 5 or
6.33% of these are caused by impaired eating habits, and 4 or 5.06% of these are caused by
COVID-19, making them the top five causes of morbidity in the said community. Moreover, 3
or 3.80% of these morbidity cases are caused by kidney cyst while there are 2 people or 2.53%
of the reported morbidity cases are caused by each of the following: acid reflux, allergic rhinitis,
congenital disease, hyperglycemia, liver problem, and old age-related diseases. Together with
these, there is 1 person or 1.27% of the reported morbidity cases are caused by each of the
320
following: acid peptic disease, cholelithiasis or the formation of gallstones, dengue,
fibroadenoma or the non-cancerous breast tumors, hyperlipidemia or too many fats and
weather-related diseases.
Health Implication:
According to Hernandez & Kim (2021), morbidity assessment is vital for epidemiological
surveillance to describe the situation of a certain health situation. Whereas, it is also useful to
find out the risk factors of diseases and compare and contrast such health events between
different populations. In which, as the top causes of morbidity in a community are given,
interventions for the specific given causes can be particularly be done to produce a more
efficient health care system. Through this, healthcare members in the community can prioritize
which health problems are more needed of attention and where to allocate the resources to
manage the said causes and prevent the onset of more morbidity cases.
Recommendation:
As the causes of the reported morbidity cases are given, it is recommended to provide
community healthcare interventions that focus primarily on the said top causes of morbidity.
This includes health education for self-management of hypertension and diabetes in terms of
proper diet, food restrictions, and lifestyle changes to be done for proper management of the
said diseases. Also, the implementation of social distancing and other safety precautions should
be improved to prevent and reduce COVID-19 cases.
3.5.1.d Intervention
321
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok Frequenc Percentage
1 2 3 4 5 y
With 15 7 12 8 12 54 81.82%
Without 5 3 2 1 1 12 18.18%
TOTAL 20 10 14 9 13 66 100%
Table 3.5.1.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Morbidity according to Intervention

Figure
3.5.1.d Pie Chart According to Morbidity in terms of Intervention in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Analysis:
The table and graph convey how many in the given reported morbidity cases have and
have not provided intervention in the Brgy. Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
322
Interpretation:
The table and graph indicate that there are sixty-six people with morbidity among Brgy
households. Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan. As shown in the table, 81.82% or 54 people in the
community said that they provided intervention regarding their medical condition. In contrast,
18.18% or 12 people responded that they did not provide intervention regarding their medical
condition.
Health Implication:
According to Diehr et al. (2007), interventions aim to keep persons healthy to increase
life longevity and years of healthy life. As a result, through interventions, morbidity can be
prevented and decreased, as well as the medical expenditures. However, the outcome varies per
individual situation and depends on the intervention provided.
Recommendation:
Community-based health interventions are recommended to reduce disease and risks to

health in order to create a healthy environment for the maintenance of positive well-being.
Rather than focusing primarily on the individual as a change agent, community interventionists
should recognize a host of other factors that contribute to an individual’s capacity to achieve
optimal health. This approach recommends that a multisectoral strategy be undertaken to make
changes to create an environment or foundation of a healthy community, including
environmental, political, economic, and/or sociocultural modifications.
3.5.1.e Admission Status

1 2 3 4 5
323
Not Admitted 14 8 14 9 13 58 87.88%
Admitted 6 2 0 0 0 8 12.12%
TOTAL 24 10 14 9 13 66 100%
Table 3.5.1.e Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Morbidity according to Admission

Status in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 3.5.1.e Pie Chart According to Morbidity in terms of Admission Status in Purok 1, 2, 3,
Analysis:
The table and graph convey how many in the given reported morbidity cases have and
have not been admitted to a hospital in the Brgy. Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
Interpretation:
The table and graph indicate that there are sixty-six people with morbidity among the
324
households in Brgy. Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan. As shown in the table, 87.88% or 58 people in the
community responded that they have not been admitted to a hospital regarding their medical
condition. While 12.12% or only 8 people have been admitted to a hospital regarding their
medical condition.
Health Implication:
According to Olshansky (2018), hospital admission is required if the patient has

significant underlying heart disease such as congestive heart failure or when the patient is
elderly, who may not have underlying heart disease, but has other chronic illnesses such as
kidney or liver disease. However, hospital admission may be required for less severe conditions
that cannot be adequately treated at home. In which, a doctor or a primary healthcare provider
determines whether the morbid person has a medical problem that is serious enough to warrant
admission to the hospital.
Recommendation:
Since hospital admissions are expensive, they create financial difficulties and stress for
patients and their families. Thus, it is recommended that the government provide a hospital in the
community that has free or at least minimal hospital admission costs to ensure that the healthcare
needs of the people with morbidity will still be met including the need for hospital admission to
stabilize or monitor existing medical conditions. Also, it is recommended that appropriate
evidence-based principles should be made to guide clinicians in deciding who to admit in order
to reduce inappropriate admission to a hospital.
3.5.2 Mortality (within the past 12 months)

1 2 3 4 5
No 24 24 24 23 21 116 98.30%
325
Yes 0 0 0 1 1 2 1.70%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.5.1. Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Mortality according to Mortality

within the past 12 months in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 3.5.1.e Pie Chart According to Mortality in terms of Mortality within the past 12
months in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
The table shows a low mortality rate for the past 12 months in all 5 Purok of Brgy.
Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
Interpretation:
326
The table and pie chart shows a low percentage of mortality rate in Brgy Mojon with only
1.70% answering yes with a frequency of 2 and 98.30% with a frequency of 116 answered no
when it comes to mortality in the place.
Health Implementation:
According to CDC, the mortality rate measures the frequency of occurrence of death in a
given population during a particular time. Mortality rates can also be used to compare the rates in
one area with the rates in another area or to compare rates over time.
Recommendation:
Having a low mortality rate means that the health care in the Brgy. Mojon is responsive
to the community, from children up to its elders. Keeping this kind of health care as long as
possible means that the barangay can keep up a relatively good low mortality rate.
3.5.2.a Age
1 2 3 4 5
82 years old 0 0 0 1 0 1 50%
51 years old 0 0 0 0 1 1 50%

TOTAL 0 0 0 1 1 2 100%
327
Table 3.5.2.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Mortality According to Age
Figure 3.5.2.a Pie Chart According to Mortality In Terms of Age in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4

Analysis:
The table shows the mortality rate regarding the age in Brgy. Mojon.
Interpretation:
The table and pie chart shows 50 to 50 percent of mortality according to age, and it also
offers the age range, which is 51 and 82 years old.
328
According to the CDC, mortality according to age, also known as age-specific mortality
rate, is limited to a particular age group in a specific community.
Recommendation:
Even if the mortality rate is low, the community should still focus on improving health
care services primarily for the elders, given that the age range is close to elderly age.
3.5.2.b Gender
1 2 3 4 5
Female 0 0 0 1 1 2 100%
TOTAL 0 0 0 1 1 2 100%
Table 3.5.2.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Mortality According to
Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
329
Figure 3.5.2.b Pie Chart According to Mortality In Terms of Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4
Analysis:
The table shows the gender-mortality rate in Barangay, Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan.
Interpretation:
The table and pie chart shows a 100% gender-mortality rate with a frequency of 2 for
females in Brgy. Mojon.
330
According to the CDC, mortality according to gender, also known as sex-specific
mortality rate, is a mortality rate among males or females.
Recommendation:
There should be equal health monitoring for both genders in the barangay and equal
health treatment to avoid a high gender-specific mortality rate in the community.
3.5.1.c Cause of Mortality

Criteria Purok Purok Purok 3 Purok Purok 5 Frequency Percentage
1 2 4
Heart Attack 0 0 0 0 1 1 50%
Severe 0 0 0 1 0 1 50%
Pneumonia
TOTAL 0 0 0 1 1 2 100%
Table 3.5.1.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Cause of Mortality in Purok
331
Figure 3.5.2.c Pie Chart According to Cause of Mortality in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of
Analysis:
One of the indicators of a community's health is mortality. There are two types of the
cause of death in the community, heart attack and severe pneumonia.
Interpretation:
The table and pie graph above show the mortality occurring in the adopted community.
Based on the community survey tool collated and analyzed, 50% or one person experienced a
heart attack, and 50% or one person experienced severe pneumonia, which is the cause of
mortality in the community.
332
Health implication:
According to the Statista Research Department, the leading cause of mortality in 2019 in
the Philippines is ischaemic heart disease impacting approximately 97.48 thousand people, and
pneumonia is included in the top 4. Concerning our community data, the person who experienced
a heart attack is vulnerable because of her age.
Recommendation:
According to the national library of medicine, to lower the risk of mortality in the
community is to provide culturally appropriate education, offer social support and informal
counseling, connect people with services, and in some cases, deliver health services such as
blood pressure screening.
3.5.3 Presence of Non-Communicable Diseases

Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok Purok Purok 5 Frequency Percentage
1 3 4
No 18 15 17 17 10 77 65.25%
Yes 6 9 7 7 12 41 34.75%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
333
Table 3.5.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Non-Communicable Diseases
Figure 3.5.3 Pie Chart According to Non-Communicable Diseases in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4

Analysis:
The table and the graph show that there is some presence of non-communicable diseases
in Barangay Mojon.
Interpretation:
The table shows the presence of non-communicable diseases. As shown in the table,
65.25% or 77 households in the community said there are no non-communicable diseases. While
34.75% or 41 households in the neighborhood said there is a presence of non-communicable
diseases.
Health Implication:
334
Non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted directly from one person to another.
Examples of these diseases are cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
diabetes, hypertension, etc. These diseases usually occur by genetics or lifestyle and habits.
According to the WHO or World Health Organization, these diseases are responsible for almost
70% of deaths worldwide. Most individuals who died due to NCD did not even reach 70 yrs.
Old. This type of disease occurs in low to middle-income countries. The usual factors associated
with this disease are smoking, unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity, and alcohol drinking.
Recommendation:
Health education about NCD can aid in increasing the knowledge of citizens about it and
as well as how to prevent other illnesses. Health teaching about proper diet and avoiding vices
such as alcohol and smoking can reduce the likelihood of acquiring an NCD and even reduce its
severity to those who already have it.
3.5.3.a Age
Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok 4 Purok 5 Frequency Percentage
1 2 3
13 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.72%
16 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.72%
18 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.72%
20 1 0 1 0 1 3 5.17%
21 0 1 1 1 0 3 5.17%
22 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.72%
23 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.72%
335
24 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.72%
27 0 0 1 0 1 2 3.45%
32 0 2 0 0 1 3 5.17%
34 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.72%
36 0 0 1 0 1 2 3.45%
40 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.72%
41 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.72%
43 0 2 0 0 0 2 3.45%
44 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.72%
49 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.72%
50 1 0 0 1 0 2 3.45%
52 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.72%
53 0 1 2 0 1 4 6.90%
54 1 1 0 0 1 3 5.17%
55 0 0 1 0 2 3 5.17%
57 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.72%
59 0 1 0 1 1 3 5.17%
61 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.72%
62 2 0 0 0 1 3 5.17%
64 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.72%
65 0 1 0 1 1 3 5.17%
69 0 1 1 0 1 3 5.17%
70 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.72%
73 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.72%
75 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.72%
82 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.72%
TOTAL 9 15 12 9 13 58 100%
Table 3.5.3.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Non-Communicable Diseases

According to Age in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
336
Figure 3.5.3.a Pie Chart According to Non-Communicable Diseases In Terms of Age
Analysis:
The table and graph show that the age with the highest presence of non-communicable
diseases is 53 years old.
Interpretation:
The table shows the presence of non-communicable diseases according to age. The table
shows that 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 13 yrs. old, 1 or 1.72% affected
by non-communicable diseases is 16 yrs. old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable
diseases is 18 yrs. old, 3 or 5.17% affected by non-communicable diseases are 20 yrs.old, 3 or
5.17% affected by non-communicable diseases are 21 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-
communicable diseases is 22 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 23
yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 24 yrs.old, 2 or 3.45% affected by
non-communicable diseases are 27 yrs.old, 3 or 5.17% affected by non-communicable diseases
are 32 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 34 yrs.old, 2 or 3.45%
affected by non-communicable diseases are 36 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-
communicable diseases is 40 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 41
337
yrs.old, , 2 or 3.45% affected by non-communicable diseases are 43 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected
by non-communicable diseases is 44 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable
diseases is 49 yrs.old, 2 or 3.45% affected by non-communicable diseases are 50 yrs.old, 1 or
1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 52 yrs.old, 4 or 6.90% affected by non-
communicable diseases are 53 yrs.old, 3 or 5.17% affected by non-communicable diseases are
54 yrs.old, 3 or 5.17% affected by non-communicable diseases are 55 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72%
affected by non-communicable diseases is 57 yrs.old, 3 or 5.17% affected by non-communicable
diseases are 59 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 61 yrs.old, 1 or
1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 61 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-
communicable diseases is 64 yrs.old, 3 or 5.17% affected by non-communicable diseases are 65
yrs.old, 3 or 5.17% affected by non-communicable diseases are 69 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected
by non-communicable diseases is 70 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable
diseases is 73 yrs.old, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 75 yrs.old and
lastly, 1 or 1.72% affected by non-communicable diseases is 82 yrs.old.
Health Implication:
Non-communicable diseases are also known as chronic diseases because they usually last
for long periods and are generally caused by environmental, physiological, and genetic factors.
According to WHO, NCD kills about 41 million people worldwide, and 15 million of these
deaths occur from ages between 30 and 69 years old each year.
Recommendation:
Reducing the modifiable risk factors such as drinking, smoking, and eating unhealthy
foods can lessen the chances of the citizens acquiring NCD. This is possible by providing health
education and teaching to increase NCD awareness and how to treat it. Investing in screening
and monitoring can aid in detecting if the disease rate is reducing or still growing.
338
3.5.3.b Gender

1 2 3 4 5
Female 6 11 8 8 5 38 65.52%
Male 3 4 4 1 8 20 34.48%
TOTAL 9 15 12 9 13 58 100%
Table 3.5.3.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Non-Communicable

Diseases According to Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
339
Figure 3.5.3.b Pie Chart According to Non-Communicable Diseases In Terms of
Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
The table and graph show that females are more affected by non-communicable diseases
than males.
Interpretation:
The table shows the presence of non-communicable diseases according to gender. The
table shows that 38 or 65.52% affected by non-communicable conditions are female. In contrast,
20 or 34.48% affected by non-communicable diseases are male.
Health Implication:
Non-communicable diseases are diseases that can be transmitted from one person to
another. This type of disease is usually caused by genetics, lifestyle choices, and even the
environment of the citizens. According to NCD Alliance, two out of three women die from
NCD, which would amount to 16.8 million deaths. Cardiovascular disease is included in NCD as
the number 1 killer of women worldwide. CVD causes 8.6 million deaths among women
annually.
Recommendation
340
Investing in screening and monitoring of NDC among women and men in the community
can aid in checking the rate of NCD in the barangay. Providing health education on what NCD is
and its usual factors can increase awareness and knowledge of the citizens about these conditions
and reduce their severity or prevent them from occurring.
3.5.3.c Type of non-communicable disease

Criteria Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok 5 Frequency Percentage
1 2 3 4
Acid peptic disease 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.56%
Allergic rhinitis 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.56%
Anemia 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.56%
Asthma 0 1 4 0 0 5 7.81%
Cholethiasis 0 0 2 0 0 2 3.13%
Fibroadenoma 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.56%
Heart disease 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.56%
Hypertension 7 6 6 5 7 31 48.44%
Diabetes 1 2 1 3 2 9 14.06%
Arthritis 1 0 0 0 2 3 4.69%
Bronchitis 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.56%
341
Kidney Failure 0 0 0 2 1 3 4.69%
Osteoarthritis 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.56%
Varicose veins 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.56%
Fever 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.56%
Liver problem 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.56%
Gastroesophageal 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.56%
Reflux Disease
(GERD)
TOTAL 9 11 19 12 13 64 100%
Table 3.5.3.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Non-Communicable

Diseases According to Age in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
Figure 3.5.3.c Pie Chart According to Non-Communicable Diseases In Terms of Age

Analysis
342
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, the highest percentage for
having a non-communicable disease is considered hypertension.
Interpretation
As shown on the graph, 48.44% or 31 of the population, the type of non-communicable
disease with the highest result is hypertension, 14.06% or 9 of the population is diabetes, 7.81%
or 5 of the population is asthma. In comparison, 4.69% or 3 of the people tied with arthritis and
kidney failure, 3.13% or 2 of the population is cholelithiasis, and lastly, 1.56% or 1 of the
population composed of acid peptic disease, allergic rhinitis anemia, fibroadenoma, heart
disease, bronchitis, osteoarthritis, varicose veins, fever, liver problem, and gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD).
Health Implication
The need to address different Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), i.e., cardiovascular
diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, peptic disease at the primary care level, has
become inevitable considering the rising morbidity and mortality due to this group of diseases
(WHO, 2014). Programs in developing countries are being strengthened as part of a commitment
towards reporting for a global monitoring framework by drafting multi-sectoral national action
plans for NCDs. (Jeet et al., 2013) These programs rely upon primary prevention as a significant
pillar, among others. (Maher et al., 2009). In light of critical shortages in the health workforce in
developing countries, the community health workers (CHWs) may serve as the backbone of
these primary health care services. (Bhutta et al., 2010).
However, studies assessing their effectiveness in delivering primary prevention
interventions for non-communicable disease prevention and control in Low and/or Middle-
Income Economies (LMIC) settings are limited (Maher et al., 2012) though this has been proven
for developed countries. (Lin et al., 2014) Further, the sparse results are available primarily
through observational studies, and evidence from controlled trials needs to be synthesised. This
was conducted following the hypothesis that for NCD control programs employing a community
health worker is more likely to succeed than routine care. This manuscript details the
methodologies followed and reports on findings from this systematic review.
343
Recommendation
Given its public health importance, integrating NCD interventions to control programs
could be the speediest way to address the issue of insufficient NCD services at the health district
level. While employing such a strategy as a bridge towards a whole systems approach for NCD
treatment, one should consider working towards the model offered by the peer education
network, its sustainability evidenced by its treatment compliance rates. Similar to the peer
education network, the involvement of communities should be considered early on to enable
continued care (Lall et al., 2014). Task shifting can significantly aid in allowing for continued
care, which reduces the burden to health workers and improves compliance (Joshi et al., 2014).
Meanwhile, all elements within the building blocks will have to be strengthened to allow the
health system to manage NCDs effectively. Sufficient funds have to be allocated through
rearrangements of the existing budget and attracting donor funding. A provision for NCD will
have to be included in the budgeting cycle.
3.5.4 Presence of Communicable Diseases

1 2 3 4 5
No 22 20 21 21 22 106 89.83%
Yes 2 4 3 3 0 12 10.17%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.5.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Communicable Diseases in

344
Figure 3.5.4 Pie Chart According to Communicable Diseases in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Analysis
The table shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, there is a high percentage of
no presence of infectious diseases in the community.
Interpretation
As shown on the graph, 89.83% or 106 of the population answered no for infectious
diseases, while 10.17% or 12 of the people answered yes for the presence of contagious diseases
in their community.
Health Implication
According to Connolly, alone or in combination with malnutrition, infectious diseases
account for most deaths in complex emergencies. Factors promoting disease transmission
interact synergistically, leading to high incidence rates of diarrhea, respiratory infection, malaria,
and measles. This excess morbidity and mortality are avoidable as effective interventions are
available. Adequate shelter, water, food, and sanitation are crucial to effective case management,
345
immunization, health education, and disease surveillance. However, delivery mechanisms are
often compromised by losing health staff, damage to infrastructure, insecurity, and poor
coordination. Although progress has been made in controlling specific infectious diseases in
camp settings, complex emergencies affecting large geographical areas or entire countries pose a
more significant challenge. Available interventions need to be implemented more systematically
in complex emergencies with higher levels of coordination between governments, UN agencies,
and non-governmental organizations. In addition, further research is needed to adapt and
simplify interventions and explore novel diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies.
Recommendation
According to WHO, effective communicable disease control relies on effective disease
surveillance. A functional national infectious diseases surveillance system is essential for priority
communicable diseases. It is a vital part of public health decision-making in all countries (e.g.,
priority setting, planning, resource, mobilization and allocation, prediction and early detection of
epidemics, and monitoring and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs).
There is an urgent need to build on current efforts to strengthen infectious disease
surveillance at the community level. Robust national systems will form the basis of an effective
regional and global network for managing and controlling infectious diseases. The development
and strengthening of national material resources usually begin with a systematic assessment of
national surveillance activities. This should eventually lead to a community plan for surveillance
of infectious diseases.
3.5.4.a Age
1 2 3 4 5
3 0 0 0 1 0 1 5.56%
6 0 0 0 2 0 2 11.11%
10 0 0 1 0 0 1 5.56%
15 1 0 0 0 0 1 5.56%
20 1 0 0 1 0 2 11.11%
23 0 1 0 0 0 1 5.56%
346
24 0 1 0 0 0 1 5.56%
25 0 1 0 0 0 1 5.56%
26 1 0 0 0 0 1 5.56%
27 1 0 1 0 0 2 11.11%
28 1 1 0 0 0 2 11.11%
30 0 1 0 0 0 1 5.56%
48 0 1 0 0 0 1 5.56%
53 0 0 1 0 0 1 5.56%
TOTAL 5 6 3 4 0 18 100%
Table 3.5.4.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Communicable Diseases
Figure 3.5.4.a Pie Chart According to Communicable Diseases In Terms of Age in

Analysis
The table and graph show that ages 6, 20, 27, and 28 are more affected by infectious
diseases than the others.
Interpretation
The table shows that infectious diseases affect the most people at the ages of 6, 20, 27,
and 28, with a number and percentage of 2 or 11.11 percent. In contrast, communicable diseases
347
affect the least people at the ages of 3, 10, 15, 23 to 26, 30, 48, and 53, with a number and
percentage of 1 or 5.56 percent.
3.5.4.b Gender
Criteria Purok Purok Purok 3 Purok 4 Purok Frequency Percentage
1 2 5
Male 3 2 2 2 0 9 50%
Female 2 4 1 2 0 9 50%
TOTAL 5 6 3 4 0 18 100%
Table 3.5.4.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Communicable Diseases

According to Gender in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
348
Figure 3.5.4.b Pie Chart According to Communicable Diseases In Terms of Gender in Purok
Analysis
The chart and graph above depict that both genders are equally affected by
communicable diseases.
Interpretation
As seen in the table above, 9 or 50 percent of females are affected by communicable
diseases, while infectious diseases impact 9 or 50 percent of males.
3.5.4.c Types of Communicable Diseases

Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok 3 Purok 4 Purok 5 Frequenc Percentage
1 y
Cough and 1 0 0 1 0 2 11.11%
Colds
Chicken Pox 0 0 1 3 0 4 22.22%
Hepa B. 0 0 1 0 0 1 5.56%
COVID-19 4 6 1 0 0 11 61.11%
TOTAL 5 6 3 4 0 18 100%
349
Table 3.5.4.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Type of Communicable
Disease in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 3.5.4.c Pie Chart According to Type of Communicable In Terms of in Purok 1,

2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
Table 3.5.4.c and figure 3.5.4.c shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan,
COVID-19 was the most prevalent communicable disease.
Interpretation:
Table 3.5.4.c and figure 3.5.4.c shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, 11 out
of 18 or 61.11% of the people who had communicable diseases had COVID-19, 4 out of 18 or
22.22% had chicken pox, 2 out of 18 or 11.11% had coughs and colds, and only 1 out of 18 or
5.56% had Hepatitis B.
350
Health Implication
COVID-19 is very contagious, which can easily be transmitted from person to person.
Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets when someone breaths, talks, coughs, or
sneezes. These droplets may stay in the air if they are smaller. It can last for up to hours
suspended, making airborne transmission possible.
Recommendation
Follow the health protocols advised, such as washing hands, wearing face masks, and
practicing social distancing. Be mindful of other protocols depending upon the alert level
guideline of the IATF.
3.5.5.a Age
Criteria Purok Purok 2 Purok 3 Purok Purok Frequency Percentage
1 4 5
35 0 1 1 0 0 2 1.41%
36 2 0 2 0 0 4 2.82%
38 0 1 0 0 2 3 2.11%
40 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.70%
41 0 4 1 0 0 5 3.52%
42 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.70%
43 1 2 1 0 1 5 3.52%
44 3 0 2 3 1 9 6.34%
45 1 1 0 2 1 5 3.52%
46 0 1 0 1 0 2 1.41%
351
47 0 2 3 1 0 6 4.23%
48 3 1 1 1 1 7 4.93%
49 1 3 1 1 3 9 6.34%
50 1 1 1 1 1 5 3.52%
51 0 1 1 4 0 6 4.23%
52 0 2 0 1 0 3 2.11%
53 1 3 1 0 1 6 4.23%
54 3 2 1 1 2 9 6.34%
55 2 3 1 3 1 10 7.04%
56 0 1 1 2 0 4 2.82%
57 2 0 0 0 1 3 2.11%
58 0 1 1 0 0 2 1.41%
59 0 2 2 1 2 7 4.93%
61 0 2 0 0 0 2 1.41%
62 3 0 0 0 0 3 2.11%
63 1 0 1 0 0 2 1.41%
65 0 1 0 1 1 3 2.11%
68 0 0 1 1 0 2 1.41%
69 0 0 3 0 1 4 2.82%
70 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.70%
73 0 1 1 0 0 2 1.41%
74 0 1 0 0 1 2 1.41%
75 0 0 1 1 0 2 1.41%
80 0 0 2 0 0 2 1.41%
81 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.70%
82 1 0 1 0 0 2 1.41%
TOTAL 26 37 32 27 20 142 100%
Table 3.5.5.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Blood Pressure Record

352
Figure 3.5.5.a Pie Chart According to Blood Pressure Record In Terms of Age in
Analysis:
Table 3.5.5.a and figure 3.5.5. a shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, the
youngest person with blood pressure is 35 years old, and the eldest is 82 years old.
Interpretation:
Table 3.5.5.a and figure 3.5.5.a shows that in Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan, the 55
years old has the most recorded blood pressure, which is counted up to 10 people or 7.04% of the
total population. This is followed by people aged 54 and 44, with 9 people each or 6.34% each.
Health Implication
According to the CDC, as age increases, the risk for high blood pressure increases.
Constantly checking and monitoring the blood pressure is the only way of knowing if you have
“the silent killer” or high blood pressure. The signs and symptoms of high blood pressure will
only manifest if it is already too late. Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan have 337 people at risk
353
for hypertension, but only 142 have blood pressure records. A lot may be undiagnosed with high
blood pressure.
Recommendation
According to the CDC, measuring blood pressure regularly can help the client’s health
care team identify health-related problems and find ways to manage the blood pressure above the
standard parameter. Educating the client about the need to do it, how to do it, and where they can
go to have it done are also suggested to measure the blood pressure.
3.5.5.b Gender for Blood Pressure for Ages 35 and above

1 2 3 4 5
Male 13 15 11 11 10 60 42.25%
354
Female 13 22 21 16 10 82 57.75%
TOTAL 26 37 32 27 20 142 100%

Table 3.5.5.b Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Gender for Blood Pressure
for Ages 35 and above in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 3.5.5.b Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Gender for Blood Pressure for
Ages 35 and above in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis:
The table shows that females have more population than males aged 35 and above.
Interpretation:
355
The graph talks about the population in gender for blood pressure for ages 35 and above.
As shown in the table, 57.75% or 82 females have a community aged 35 and above, and 42.25%
or 60 males have a community aged 35 and above.
3.5.5.c Systolic
Pamantayan Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok Frequency Percentage
1 2 3 4 5
356
90 2 2 2 2 1 9 6.34%
100 0 2 2 1 2 7 4.93%
110 1 11 5 4 0 21 14.79%
120 12 13 11 13 7 56 39.44%
124 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.70%
130 6 3 7 4 9 29 20.42%
140 2 4 4 2 1 13 9.15%
150 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.70%
160 1 0 0 1 0 2 1.41%
170 1 2 0 0 0 3 2.11%
KABUUAN 26 37 32 27 20 142 100%
Table 3.5.5.c Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Systolic in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4

357
Figure 3.5.5.c Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Systolic in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and
Analysis:
In Barangay Mojon, the table shows that the majority of the population who have had
their blood pressure obtained is 120 mmHg, considered the average systolic blood pressure.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the highest percentage obtained for systolic blood pressure (BP)
is 120 mmHg that is 56 in a total of the 142 recorded blood pressure frequencies and has an
equivalent of 39.44%; on the other hand, the lowest percentage which is 0.70% are the systolic
BPs of 124 mmHg and 150 mmHg that has 1 out of 142 each. The lowest systolic BP obtained is
90mmHg with nine frequencies and a percentage of 6.34; while, the highest recorded systolic BP
is 170 mmHg with three frequencies and 2.11%.
The rest of the results are as follows: for the average systolic blood pressure results, there
are seven frequencies and 4.93% for 100mmHg and 21 recorded results with an equivalent of
14.79% for 110mmHg. Then, for the systolic BPs above-average range, 29 130 mmHg results
358
have 20.42%, 13 marks for 140 mmHg with 9.15%, and lastly, 160 mmHg has two frequencies
out of 142 with 2.11%.
Health Implications:
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), blood pressure has categories,
specifically for systolic reading, 120 mmHg and below is the normal systolic BP. The next stage
is the elevated systolic BP ranging from 120-129 mmHg, Hypertension Stage I has a systolic
reading of 130-139 mmHg, Hypertension Stage II that is 140 mmHg, and Hypertensive Crisis
that has a systolic reading of higher than 180 mmHg. Since the above regular systolic reading is
almost equal to the standard task, it means many residents in the Brgy. Mojon may be suffering
from isolated systolic hypertension caused by underlying conditions such as artery stiffness,
hyperthyroidism, diabetes, heart valve problems, and obesity. If high systolic reading persists for
an extended period, it can increase the risk of strokes, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease.
Recommendations:
Medications prescribed by one’s doctor can help control an elevated systolic blood
pressure reading to prevent health problems. Still, it is also essential that the systolic BP
treatment does not cause the diastolic reading to drop too low because it would cause other
health complications. Aside from medications, since not all elevated systolic BPs are permanent,
they need treatment. Some are just temporary. Lifestyle changes are recommended for its
improvement. This includes a healthy diet, low intake of salt in the diet, losing weight if one is
overweight or obese, increment in physical activity, alcohol limitation for men or women, and a
physician’s advice.
359
3.5.5.d Diastolic
1 2 3 4 5
60 1 1 0 1 0 3 2.11%
70 0 5 6 5 3 19 13.38%
75 1 0 0 1 0 2 1.41%
78 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.70%
80 12 20 13 13 11 69 48.59%
90 10 6 9 4 5 34 23.94%
100 1 4 4 3 1 13 9.15%
110 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.70%
TOTAL 26 37 32 27 20 142 100%
Table 3.5.5.d Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Diastolic in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of

360
Figure 3.5.5.d Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Diastolic in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4
Analysis:
In Barangay Mojon, the table shows that the majority of the population who have had
their blood pressure obtained is 80 mmHg, considered the average diastolic blood pressure.
Interpretation:
As shown on the graph, the highest percentage obtained for diastolic blood pressure (BP)
is 80 mmHg that is 69 in a total of the 142 recorded blood pressure frequencies and has an
equivalent of 48.59%; on the other hand, the lowest percentage which is 0.70% are the diastolic
BPs of 78 mmHg and 110 mmHg (which is also the highest recorded diastolic BP) that have 1
out of 142 each. The lowest diastolic BP obtained is 60 mmHg with three frequencies and a
percentage of 2.11.
The rest of the diastolic BP results are 70 mmHg with 19 frequencies and 13.38% and
two results of 75 mmHg with 1.41%. Higher than average diastolic BP readings are 90 mmHg
with 34 recorded results and 23.94 percent and 100 mmHg with 13 frequencies equalling 9.15%.
Health Implications:
361
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), blood pressure has categories,
specifically for diastolic reading, 80 mmHg below reads as normal and elevated BP,
Hypertension Stage I that has a diastolic reading of 80-89 mmHg, Hypertension Stage II that is
90 mmHg and above, and Hypertensive Crisis that has a diastolic reading of higher than 120
mmHg. However, not all of the recorded diastolic readings are permanent, and some might be
temporary due to some factors while obtaining blood pressure. Above regular diastolic blood
pressure readings can indicate elevated blood pressure or hypertension. Like in systolic, a high
diastolic reading can damage or weaken brain arteries that increase the risk of stroke. Based on
an article on MedicineNet's website, a high diastolic reading is connected to a higher risk of
disease involving the aorta (the large artery that carries blood and oxygen from the heart to other
parts of the body). Elevated diastolic BP can cause the development of an abdominal aortic
aneurysm (ballooning in the lining of the aorta), and that balloon can rupture and can cause
death.
Recommendations:
As what systolic reading recommendations impart, the same is accurate with elevated
diastolic reading, which includes medications or drugs for the treatment and healthful lifestyle
changes like eating a balanced diet and regular exercise to maintain moderate weight. A person
suffering from such a condition should consult their doctors if no changes occur despite
following the lifestyle changes.
3.5.6 Awareness of health services offered by the BHC/RHU:
362
1 2 3 4 5
Aware 20 15 14 16 17 82 69.49%
Unaware 4 9 10 8 5 36 30.51%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 3.5.6 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution of Awareness of health services

offered by the BHC/RHU in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
Figure 3.5.6 Pie Chart and Percentage Distribution of Awareness of health services
offered by the BHC/RHU in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Barangay Mojon, Malolos,
Bulacan
Analysis:
363
The majority of the families in the community are aware of the different health services
offered by the community.
Interpretation:
The graph and table depict the awareness of the families about the health services offered
in the community. As shown in the graph and table above, 69.49% of the families in the
community are aware of the health services provided in their community. In comparison, 30.51%
of the families in the community are unaware of the health services offered in their community.
Health Implication:
Being aware of your surroundings is all about knowing what’s going around you. It
involves knowing what people around you are up to, what they are really up to. Have they been
staying the same throughout, or is there something that’s bothering them? (Nyazi, 2021) The
state of being conscious of something is fascinating. You get to have further knowledge of a
particular aspect or issue. It plays a role 166 in our approach to improving access to healthcare.
With that, we seek to empower the community together with medical professionals.
Recommendation:
The people in the community must seek the services offered by their community. The
community must have a program that updates the people in the community.
364
HEALTH RESOURCE
4.1 MANPOWER RESOURCES
4.1.1 Categories of health manpower available
PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK

CRITERIA FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1 2 3 4 5
365
Libreng check-up
para
24 0 0 0 0 24 20.34%
mga bata,buntis
at senior citizen
Pagbabakuna para
sa lahat laban sa 0 24 0 0 0 24 20.34%
COVID-19
Health Center 0 0 24 0 0 24 20.34%
Physician, Nurse,
Midwife,
BHW,Sanitary 0 0 0 24 0 24 20.34%
Inspector,Dentist
and MedTech
Doktor, Nars
,Midwife/
Kumadrona
,Brgy.
0 0 0 0 22 22 18.64%
Secretary ,Brgy
Tanod
,Kapitan
,Kagawad
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100.00%
Table 4.1.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Categories of health

manpower available in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
366
Figure 4.1.1 Pie Chart According to Categories of health manpower available in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Analysis:
As shown in the graph, the community has free check-ups for children, pregnant women, and
senior citizens, vaccinations for everyone against covid-19, a health center, physician, nurse,
midwife, BHW, sanitary inspector, dentist, Brgy Tanod, Brgy. Captain, Brgy Secretary,
Kagawad, and medical technician are present in their community.
Interpretation:
The table above shows the different categories of health manpower available in the
community. As shown in the table, 24 households or 20.34% have a free check-up; 24
households or 20.34% have a free covid vaccine; 24 households or 20.34% have a presence of
health centers. 24 households or 24.34% have the presence of a doctor, a nurse, a midwife, a
BHW, a sanitation inspector, a dentist, and a medical technician; 22 households or 18.64% have
367
a Doctor, Nurse, Midwife, Brgy. Secretary, Brgy Tanod, Brgy Captain, Kagawad present in their
community.
4.1.2 Geographical distribution

1 2 3 4 5
Mayroong iba’t
ibang gusali tulad
ng mga mall,
convenient store at 24 0 0 0 0 24 20.34%
iba’t ibang hospital
tulad ng Ace
Hospital
Mas mataas yung
ratio ng populasyon
ng barangay kaysa
sa mga healthcare
workers. Hindi 0 24 0 0 0 24 20.34%
sapat ang ratio sa
mga
nangangailangan
Urbanized Area 0 0 24 24 22 70 59.32%

TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 4.1.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Geographical distribution

in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
368
Figure 4.1.2 Pie Chart According to Geographical distribution in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Analysis:
The geographical distribution in the community is urbanized areas and different infrastructures
like malls, convenience stores, and hospitals. Despite the large population, healthcare personnel
like doctors and nurses is insufficient to cover all of the barangay's health care needs.
Interpretation:
The table above shows the Geographical distribution in the community. As the table shows, 70
households or 59.32% of the neighborhood is located in an urban area; 20 households or 24.34%
has malls, convenience stores, and hospitals. Lastly, 20 households or 24.34% has healthcare
369
professionals such as doctors and nurses but is insufficient to cover all of the health care needs of
the community.
Health Implication:
An urban area is usually referred to as a city or a suburb. It is defined as a settlement that has a
huge population and is filled with infrastructures and businesses. It has been associated with
progress not only economically but also in social standards as well. But urban areas have been
correlated with air, water, and noise pollution, traffic injuries, and the occurrence of non-
communicable diseases that affect many lives of its residents and is a call for concern.
According to the WHO (World Health Organization), almost 40% of those individuals that live
in urbanized areas have no access to sanitation facilities as well as lack access to adequate clean
water. 91% of the population that lives in urban areas also breathe polluted air. Urban areas have
been connected to poor transportation services that can increase the risk of injuries and accidents.
Non-communicable diseases such as asthma, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes can also increase
in urban areas due to the inadequate space, pollution present in the area, and the poor lifestyle
that comes to living in an urban area.
Recommendation:
It is recommended that there should be policies prepared to prevent the possibility of pollution
growing in urbanized areas. The community is also recommended to prepare proper sanitation
services to promote cleanliness and have a steady supply of clean water. Health education and
seminars can also be held to the residents of the community in order to increase their awareness
and knowledge about non-communicable diseases.
370
4.1.3 Number of Physician, Nurse, midwife, and other members of RHU team per
population
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nurse -50
patients, 2 Doctor
- 100 patients, 1
24 0 0 0 0 24 20.34%
Midwife – 50
patients at 2
Utilities
1 doctor, 2
nurses,1 midwife,
at mga barangay 0 24 0 0 0 24 20.34%
health worker
2 Municipal
Doctor, 1Rural
Health Nurse, 1 0 0 24 0 0 24 20.34%
RHU Midwife
Nurse
1 Physician, 1
Nurse, 2 Midwife,
1 Sanitary 0 0 0 24 0 24 20.34%
Inspector, 1
Dentist, 2 BHW
1 Doktor, 1 Nars,1
Midwife/Kumadro 0 0 0 0 22 22 18.64%
na
TOTAL 118 100%
Table 4.1.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Number of Physician,

Nurse, midwife and other members of RHU team per population in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
371
Figure 4.1.3 Pie Chart According to Number of Physician, Nurse, midwife and other members of
RHU team per population in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Analysis:
372
As shown in the graph, barangay Muhon has at least one doctor, nurse, midwife, sanitary
inspector, utilities, dentist, and BHW.
Interpretation:
According to the table above, 24 households or 20.34 % have one nurse for every 50 patients,
two doctors for every 100 patients, one midwife for every 50 patients, and two utilities; 24
households or 20.34 % have one doctor, two nurses, one midwife, and a barangay health worker;
24 households or 20.34 % have two municipal doctors, one rural health nurse, and one RHU
Midwife Nurse; 24 households or 20.34 % have one physician, one nurse, two midwives, one
sanitary inspector, one dentist, and two BHW; 22 households or 18.64% have one doctor, one
nurse, and one midwife.
Health Implication:
A health workforce of adequate size and skills is critical to the attainment of any population
health goal. However, countries at all levels of socioeconomic development face, to varying
degrees, difficulties in the education and training, deployment, retention, and performance of
their health workforce.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health:
Workforce 2030 sets out the policy agenda to ensure a workforce that is fit for purpose to attain
the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Recommendation:
Improving the availability of health workers should be accompanied by corresponding efforts
to enhance their distribution, accessibility, performance, and productivity. There is potential for
greater efficiency in the health workforce by adopting a more diverse and sustainable skills mix
geared to service delivery models emphasizing the primary health care approach.
4.1.4 Existing manpower development/ policies
373
CRITERIA PURO PUROK PUROK PURO PURO FREQUENC PERCENTAG
K1 2 3 K 4 K5 Y E
Polisiya ng
24 0 0 0 0 24 20.34%
RHU o DOH
Tapat ko linis
ko, tamang
paghihiwalay
ng basura, at
clean as you
go o 0 24 0 0 0 24 20.34%
CLAYGO,
ang iba pang
polisiya na
inuutos ng
RHU at DOH
Kapitan,
Kagawad, at
Mother
Leader ang
namamahala
sa maayos at
malinis na
daan,
maginhawa at
tahimik na
pamumuhay 0 0 24 0 0 24 20.34%
ng karamihan
sa barangay.
Sa health
center naman
ang regular na
prenatal check
up sa mga
buntis at
bakuna sa
mga bata.
“Kalat ko, 0 0 0 0 22 22 18.64%
Linis
ko”,Iskedyul
ng pagkolekta
ng
basura,Nabub
ulok: Lunes,
Miyerkules,
Biyernes,Di-
374
nabubulok:
Sabado
No response
PURO PURO PURO PURO PURO FREQUENC
CRITERIA PERCENTAGE
K1 K2 K3 K 4 K5 Y
No response 0 0 0 24 0 24 20.34%
TOTAL 118 100%
Table 4.1.4 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Existing manpower

development/ policies in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Figure 4.1.4 Pie Chart According to Existing manpower development/ policies in Purok 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Analysis:
375
The graph shows that RHU or DOH recommendations are followed by the community. There
are guidelines to adhere to the "Tapat/ Kalat ko, Linis ko" philosophy, which entails properly
sorting trash and cleaning as you go, or CLAYGO. The Captain, Kagawad, and Mother Leader
are then in charge of the barangay's dependable service, which includes the smooth and clean
roads as well as the majority of the residents' comfortable and quiet lifestyles. According to the
health institution, pregnant women should have regular prenatal examinations, and children
should be immunized,Iskedyul collection of biodegradable waste: Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
non-biodegradable waste: Saturday, and a portion of the community is unaware of their existing
manpower.
Interpretation:
The table above shows the Existing manpower development/ policies in the community. The
table shows that 24 households or 20.34% of the community follows the RHU or DOH's
guidelines; 24 households or 20.34% follows the "Tapat ko, Linis ko" principle, which involves
appropriately segregating garbage and cleaning as you go, or CLAYGO; 24 households or
24.34%, the Captain, Kagawad, and Mother Leader are then in charge of the barangay's
dependable service, including the smooth and clean roads, as well as the majority of the
barangay's citizens' comfortable and quiet lives, Pregnant women should have regular prenatal
checks, and youngsters should be inoculated, according to the health facility; 24 households or
20.34% responded that a portion of the community is unaware of their existing manpower; 22
households or 18.64% has a response of “ Kalat ko linis ko” schedule on collecting of
biodegradable waste: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, non-biodegradable waste: Saturday.
Health Implication:
Proper management of human resources is critical in providing a high quality of health care. A
refocus on human resources management in health care and more research are needed to develop
new policies. Effective human resources management strategies are greatly needed to achieve
better outcomes from and access to health care around the world.
The World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health highlighted a worldwide
shortage of almost 4.3 million doctors, midwives, nurses, and support workers. Thirty-six of the
57 countries with severe shortages are in Africa. Responding to this urgent crisis, the 59th World
376
Health Assembly adopted Resolution WHA59.23 which recognized the “centrality of human
resources for health for the effective operation of country health systems” and called for the use
of innovative strategies to maximize health professionals’ contributions.
Recommendation:
Countries should improve the coherence between their education, health, finance, labor, and
employment strategies, progressively moving towards a health workforce adequate in numbers,
quality, competencies, distribution, and performance, and able to meet today’s and tomorrow’s
population health needs and expectations. An exclusive or over-restrictive focus on numerical
shortages carries a risk of policy misalignment. Improved performance, productivity, and quality
are equally important in devising and implementing comprehensive workforce strategies.
4.1.5 Schedule of consultation at Barangay Health Center

1 2 3 4 5
RHU Physicians:
Dr. Dondy
Marasigan RHU
Nurse: Catherine 24 0 0 0 0 24 20.34%
Miclat BHC
Midwife: Nelia
Fontabele
Every Monday to 0 24 0 0 0 24 20.34%
Friday morning,
ang schedule ay
general
consultation. Every
Monday at
Wednesday
afternoon, araw ng
mga buntis for
prenatal and
postnatal. Every
Friday afternoon,
family planning
method. Every
Thursday
377
afternoon, home
visit.
RHU Physicians:
Lunes, Miyerkules,
Biyernes; RHU
Nurse: Lunes
0 0 24 0 0 24 20.34%
hanggang Biyernes;
RHU Midwife:
Lunes hanggang
Biyernes
RHU Physicians:
Thrice a week
RHU Nurse: 0 0 0 24 0 24 20.34%
Everyday BHC
Midwife: Everyday
RHU Physicians:
Martes & Huwebes
; RHU Nurse:
Lunes, Miyerkules, 0 0 0 0 22 22 18.64%
Biyernes ; RHU
Midwife: Lunes
hanggang Biyernes
TOTAL 118 100%
378
Table 4.1.5 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Schedule of consultation at
Barangay Health Center in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Figure 4.1.5 Pie Chart According to Schedule of consultation at Barangay Health Center in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Analysis
379
The graph shows the schedule of the RHU health personnel in a week. The health personnel
such as the RHU physicians and Nurses and the BHC midwife, are available on certain days per
week to attend to the healthcare needs of the residents in the community.
Interpretation
As shown in the table, 24 households or 20.34% have an RHU physician: Dr. Dondy
Marasigan, RHU nurse: Catherine Miclat, and BHC midwife: Nelia Fontabele. 24 households or
20.34% has a general consultation every Monday to Friday morning; prenatal and postnatal
check-ups every Monday and Wednesday Afternoon; Home visit every Thursday afternoon and
Family planning method every Friday afternoon. 24 households or 20.34% said that their RHU
physicians are available every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. While their RHU nurse and
midwife is available every Monday. 24 households or 20.34% said that their RHU physicians are
available thrice a week. While their RHU nurse and Midwife are available every day. Lastly, 22
households or 18.64% said that their RHU physicians are available every Tuesday and Thursday.
While the RHU nurse is available every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The RHU midwife is
available every Monday to Friday.
Health Implication:
The presence of a trained professional in a facility or a certain community is called Provider
Availability, this is highly necessary as a shortage in human resources is rampant, also, an
unfortunate situation of the absence or inactivity in the delivery of health care is somewhat
present for the reason of the engagement to other duties (PHCPI).
In line with this, regular checkups are greatly needed as this might aid in the detection of
potential health problems; mainly for the prevention of diseases. Also, this might help in
improving the potential for treatment and cure, thus, also helping in the reduction of costs for
medical services. In addition, this might help in the limitation of the possibility of a patient
having complications (Pomona Valley Health Centers).
Recommendation:
380
Schedule of consultation is highly necessary for the public, therefore, it is recommended for
the community to provide printouts of the schedule of the healthcare professionals, such as
doctors, nurses, and midwives so that the people of the community will be able to be aware of
the schedule and thus, they can do their best to adjust their schedule and to try to match their
schedule accordingly if they are in need or if they want to have a medical consultation. The
printouts might be in the form of flyers and tarpaulins to be provided in the community.
4.2 MATERIAL RESOURCES

A. Health and Budget Expenditures:
1 2 3 4 5
Available 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
TOTAL 118 100%
Table 4.2.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Health and Budget
Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
381
Figure 4.2.1 Pie Chart According to Health and Budget Expenditures in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Analysis
The Expenditure Budget specifies and estimates the amount to be allocated to various
ministries and departments for them to operate effectively during a given financial year. Health
and Budget Expenditures are available for the whole community.
Interpretation
The table above shows the community's availability of Health and Budget Expenditures. As
seen above 118 households or 100% of the community's households stated that they have 100 %
of their health and budget expenditures available.
Health Implication:
Decisions concerning budget and policy in health care are also made by the state, it was stated
that this is influences the social determinants of health, which are found by various studies to
affect the outcomes of the health of the people including the maternal and pediatric health,
statistics concerning chronic diseases, and many other things (Sullivan, J., 2019 February).
Recommendation:
Since the health budget is a great factor that potentially influences public health, making a
good call should always be made as this might put an effect on a great number of people; they
would be affected by this. Any other factors in relation to this must be considered in the process
of making decisions.
382
4.2.1.a Amount per year (Php):

1 2 3 4 5
15 million 24 0 0 0 0 24 20.34%
60 thousand
0 0 24 0 0 24 20.34%
85 thousand 0 0 0 0 22 22 18.64%
No response
1 2 3 4 5
No response 0 24 0 24 0 48 40.68%
TOTAL 118 100%
Table 4.2.1.a Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Amount per year (Php) in
Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
383
Figure 4.2.1.a Pie Chart According to Amount per year (Php) in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of
Analysis:
The Expenditure Budget displays the income and capital expenditures of different institutions
or organizations. It also provides a thorough analysis of different types of investments as well as
broader explanations for differences in expectations.
Interpretation
There are three different amounts of budget and no response according to the table, purok 1 has
15 million budget per year; purok 2 has no response about the budget per year; purok 3 has 60
thousand budget per year; purok 4 has also no response per year; purok 5 has 85 thousand
budget per year.
Health Implication:
No country has made significant progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) without
relying on a dominant share of public funds to finance health. Framing the approach to health
financing policy in this way places the health sector within the overall public budgeting system
384
and underscores the crucial role that the budget plays, or should play, for UHC. Historically, the
health
financing dialogue has been largely driven by demands to raise revenues and find new sources of
funds, with much less discussion of overall public sector financial management and budgeting
issues.
According to WHO(2018), the budget is a primary instrument for strategic resource allocation.
Even in contexts where health insurance funds manage a core part of health expenditure, regular
budgeting rules may continue to influence the flows of funds in health systems and the transfers
to purchasing agencies and/or health facilities
Recommendation:
Program-based budgeting offers specific opportunities from a health financing perspective.
While the potential for reform is clear in terms of improvements in fiscal management and
accountability, the introduction of programmatic classifications could help in the health sector in
at least three ways: 1) to build stronger linkages between budget allocations and sector priorities;
2) to enable the implementation of strategic purchasing, and 3) to incentivize accountability for
sector performance
4.2.2 Availability of supplies and equipment:

1 2 3 4 5
Available
24 0 24 0 22 70 59.32%
100%
Limited
0 24 0 24 0 48 40.68%
TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%
Table 4.2.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Availability of supplies and
equipment in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
385
Figure 4.2.2 Pie Chart According to Availability of supplies and equipment in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos Bulacan
Analysis
The majority of the community has said that there is an availability of various supplies to meet
their necessity. However, a portion of the community said that they have limited funds in
providing supplies and equipment.
Interpretation
The presentation above depicts the availability of supplies and equipment. As shown in the
table, 70 households or 59.32% in the community said that they have Available 100% of various
supplies. While 48 households or 40.68% in the community said that there are limited funds on
providing supplies and equipment.
Health Implication:
It is said that a crucial role for the government is to coordinate efforts to ensure that the areas
hardest hit at any given time are receiving needed equipment. (Ranney, Griffeth & Jha 2020)
386
Providing supplies and equipment ahead of time could aid in the provision of health care to the
community.
Recommendation:
By increasing the fund of the community they can provide/afford the supplies needed.
Political/ Leadership Patterns
387
5.1 RECOGNIZED LEADERS :
5.1.1 Formal/Elected
1 2 3 4 5
Captain 24 24 24 24 21 117 61.26%
Kagawad
15 16 12 10 21 74 38.74%
TOTAL 191 100%

Table 5.1.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Recognized Formal Leaders
of the Residents in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
388
Figure 5.1.1 Pie Chart According to Recognized Formal Leaders of the Residents in Purok
1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
The Captain is recognized as the community's formal leader by the majority of the
community's families. Some, on the other hand, consider Kagawad as a formal leader.
Interpretation
The table represents the community's recognized formal leaders based on the number of
responses. As indicated above, 117 respondents or 61.26 %, consider the Captain as their formal
leader. While Kagawad is recognized as a formal leader by 74 respondents or 38.74 %.
Health Implication:
A recognized formal leader derives their strength from having official authority within an
organizational structure. This authority provides them with power that they use to accomplish
goals on behalf of the organization. (Kylie, 2019). Formal leaders have the authority to give
instructions and provide aids for their community. Leadership is important in giving the
proper aid for the health problems and matters for the community.
Recommendation:
389
The community should recognize one leader to give orders for their community and an
effective leader will ensure that the community gets the support they need.
5.1.2 Non-formal:

1 2 3 4 5
Neighbor 5 1 7 2 1 16 8.56%
Elderly
12 13 9 6 11 51 27.27%
BHW 10 9 2 3 10 34 18.18%
Religious
14 6 7 7 9 43 22.99%
leader
Influential
4 3 6 6 4 23 12.30%
person
No response
PUROK PURO PURO PUROK PUROK PERCENTAG

CRITERIA FREQUENCY
1 K2 K3 4 5 E
No response 4 1 4 8 3 20 10.70%
TOTAL 187 100%
390
Table 5.1.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to Recognized Non-Formal
Leaders of the Residents in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
Figure 5.1.2 Pie Chart According to Recognized Non-Formal Leaders of the Residents in Purok
1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
The majority of the community recognizes the elderly as their non-formal leader. A portion of
the community also recognizes their neighbor, religious leader, influential person, and BHW as
their non-formal leader.
Interpretation
The table, which is based on the number of responses, depicts the recognized non-formal
leaders in the community. As shown above, 51 respondents or 27.27% of the community
recognizes the Elderly as their non-formal leader. 43 respondents or 22.99% of the community
recognize religious leaders as their non-formal leaders. 34 respondents or 18.18% of the
community recognizes BHW as their non-formal leader. 23 respondents or 12.30% of the
community recognizes an influential person as their non-formal leader. While 16 respondents or
391
8.56% of the community recognizes their neighbor as a non-formal leader. Lastly, 20 or 10.70%
of the community didn’t respond.
Health Implication:
According to members of the Indigenous community, the main components of Eldership
include providing support, being involved in the community, such as health teaching and passing
down knowledge, being respectful and sharing experiences (Australian Catholic University,
2017). Elders traditionally hold crucial roles in supporting, teaching, imparting traditions, and
volunteering in communities. They are also pivotal in helping tackle broader community issues.
Recommendation:
By empowering elders for improving community involvement in making suggestions, positive
steps that may lead to changes and a stronger community.
5.2 Conditions/ events/ issues that cause social conflicts/ upheavals within the community

1 2 3 4 5
Gossip 20 18 12 16 15 81 33.89%
Family conflict 8 4 9 6 8 35 14.64%
Alcohol Drinking 14 12 7 9 10 52 21.76%
Drugs 0 8 2 3 10 23 9.62%
Riot 4 9 2 5 8 28 11.72%
No response

1 2 3 4 5
No response 3 0 9 5 3 20 8.37%
TOTAL 239 100%
Table 5.2 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to the conditions/events/issues
that cause social conflicts/ upheavals within the community in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay
Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
392
Figure 5.2 Pie Chart According to the conditions/events/issues that cause social conflicts/
upheavals within the community in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
The majority of the community said that the condition/ event/ issues that cause social conflicts/
upheavals within the community is Gossip, while a minority of the community is unaware of the
condition/ event/ issues that cause social conflicts/ upheavals within the community.
Interpretation
The table above, which is based on the number of responses, depicts that 81 or 33.89%
answered gossip as the social issue/ conflict that they have in their community. 52 respondents or
21.76% answered alcohol drinking; 35 respondents or 14.64% answered family conflict; 28
respondents or 11.72% answered riot; 23 respondents or 9.62% answered drugs; 20 or 8.37%
did not answer.
Health Implication:
393
Gossip is harmful in communities, the spread of humor, misinformation and obscure facts can
create a toxic environment. Engaging in gossip can temper some of the residents’ frustrations
and can serve to upset when someone has behaved in a deviant way. It can cause divisions and
reduce the sense of community and unity as well as being uncomfortable for residents in their
own homes. (Place, 2017). According to Ambardekar MD, all this gossip or talk can contribute
to a person’s exhaustion, anxiety, and depression that may also escalate to physical violence.
Recommendation:
The leaders of the community must give attention to this issue as it can widen the social
conflicts in a community. Dealing with it, being mindful to manage it by implementing an open
forum to vocalize concerns in a decent and harmless way that no one can get hurt.
5.3 Practices/ approaches which are effective in setting issues and concern within the
community
PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK
CRITERIA PUROK 1 FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
2 3 4 5
Settlement
among involved 17 12 13 11 20 73 41.95%
parties
Brgy. Hearing 12 18 16 16 13 75 43.10%
Endorsed to
2 1 3 7 5 18 10.34%
local police
No response
PUROK PUROK PUROK PUROK PURO
1 2 3 4 K5
No response 5 0 0 3 0 8 4.60%
TOTAL 36 31 32 37 38 174 100%

Table 5.3 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to the Practices/ approaches
which are effective in setting issues and concerns within the community in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of
Barangay Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
394
Figure 5.3 Pie Chart According to the Practices/ approaches which are effective in setting issues
and concerns within the community in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos,
Bulacan
Analysis
The majority of the community members consider that barangay hearing and settlement among
involved parties is an effective practice/approach for resolving problems and concerns inside the
community. While a minority of the community is unaware of the practice/approach for
resolving problems and concerns inside the community.
Interpretation
The table above, which is based on the number of responses, depicts that 75 respondents or
43.10% of the community answered the barangay. Hearing is the practice or approach in setting
issues and concerns within the community; 73 respondents or 41.95% answered settlement
among involved parties; 18 respondents or 10.34% answered on endorsement to local authorities.
8 respondents or 4.60% did not answer.
395
Health Implication:
Katarungang Barangay (KP) is a system of justice administered at the barangay level with the
aim of amicably settling problems through mediation, conciliation, or arbitration among families
and communities without resorting to the courts.
Dr. R. Murali Krishna, the president of INTEGRIS Mental Health, stated that anger and
hostility that remains unresolved can be harmful to your overall health and have a significant
impact on your heart. Hostility is a major contributor to a variety of diseases that cause us
suffering.
Recommendation:
The government should apply this policy to all communities not just to maintain peace and
order, but also to resolve citizens' rights and issues in rural areas. The minority in the community
is unaware of the justice systems that are available to them. Greater efforts should be made to
improve access to justice for the most disadvantaged. Unresolved feelings, such as anger and
hostility, can have an adverse reaction to your overall health and can directly impact your heart
health.
396
VI. Any concerns/suggestions regarding the lifestyle you have in the area in general.
1 2 3 4 5
Peace and Order 3 4 10 3 5 25 14.12%
Environmental
2 5 4 10 5 26 14.69%
Concerns
Livelihood
2 1 3 1 0 7 3.95%
Concerns
Information
2 2 4 2 0 10 5.65%
Concerns
Health Protocol
3 1 1 5 4 14 7.91%
Concerns
Security Concerns 2 4 1 2 4 13 7.34%
Health Concerns 4 2 3 2 3 14 7.91%
Infrastructure
2 1 1 5 1 10 5.65%
Concerns
Financial
2 1 2 4 3 12 6.78%
Assistance
No concerns/
17 9 3 7 10 46 25.99%
suggestions
TOTAL 39 30 32 41 35 177 100%
Table 6.1 Frequencies and Percentage Distribution According to the concerns/ suggestions
regarding the lifestyle you have in the area in general in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay
Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
397
Figure 6.1 Pie Chart According to the concerns/ suggestions regarding the lifestyle you have in
the area in general in Purok 1,2,3,4 and 5 of Barangay Muhon, Malolos, Bulacan
Analysis
The majority of the community don't have any concerns about their lifestyle area in general.
Secondary to this,a great number of the residents of the community have environmental concerns
regarding their area. Environmental concerns such as flooding and improper waste segregation
due to no garbage collection scheduled per week. On par with environmental concerns is Peace
and Order concerns. Peace and order concerns includes (1) Alcohol drinking and Cockfighting at
night that causes disturbances in the residents’ rest or sleep; (2) respect other people; (3) proper
guidance from the community leaders. While the minority of the community have Livelihood
concerns such as the need for Livelihood programs for every resident in the community.
Interpretation
398
The table, which was based on the number of responses, shows that 46 respondents or 25.99%
of the community has no concern in general. 26 respondents or 14.69% have environmental
concerns. 25 respondents or 14.12% have peace and order concerns. 14 respondents or 7.91%
have health concerns and health protocol concerns. 13 respondents or 7.34% have security
concerns. 12 respondents or 6.78% have financial assistance concerns. While 10 respondents or
5.65% of the community has information and infrastructure concerns. Lastly, 7 respondents or
3.95% of the community have livelihood concerns.
Health Implication:
Environmental pollution is not a new phenomenon, yet it remains the world’s greatest problem
facing humanity, and the leading environmental causes of morbidity and mortality(Prince O.
Ukaogo, ... Chibuzo V. Onwuka, in Microorganisms for Sustainable Environment and Health,
2020). According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, more than 12
million people around the world die every year because they live or work in unhealthy
environments. Pollutants in the environment can cause health issues such as respiratory
disorders, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.
Recommendation:
Community leaders can work to alleviate this problem by introducing projects such as
recycling, tree planting, sustainable packaging, clean-up drives, and a variety of other activities
that can help to alleviate the negative effects of the environmental concerns in the community.
399
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
PRIORITIZATION
Problem Priority #1
HYPERTENSION
Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification
400
Nature of the Problem 3/3*1 1 It is a health-status problem
because it increases morbidity.
Magnitude of the 2/4*3 1.5 Affects 25.42% of the
Problem population.
Modifiability of the 2/3*4 2.67 There is moderate probability
Problem of controlling the number of
people with hypertension by
giving health education.
Preventative Potential 2/3*1 0.67 There is a moderate probability
of reducing the effects posed
by hypertension.
Social Concern 1/2*1 0.5 Recognized as a problem but
not needing immediate action.
Total 6.33
Table
Analysis
Hypertension has the highest score among the five identified problems, thus, ranked as
the first priority community problem in Barangay Mojon.
Interpretation
The table presents Hypertension as the first community problem among the five
identified ones with a total score of 6.33. It affects 25.42% of the total population of 551 and so
has an actual score of 1.5 regarding its magnitude. The nature of the problem has a score of 3 and
an actual score of 1, identified as a health status because it increases morbidity.
It is scored 1 for social concern as it is recognized as a problem but does not need
immediate action. With that, it is moderately modifiable with a score of 2 and an actual
computed score of 2.67 as there is a moderate probability of controlling the number of people
with the mentioned condition by giving proper health education. The same is true with its
preventive potential, scored by 2 and with an actual score of 0.67 which means that the effects
posed by hypertension can probably be prevented moderately.
Health Implications
401
Hypertension is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against
your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart
disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), high blood pressure is diagnosed
if the systolic blood pressure readings is ≥140 mmHg and/or the
diastolic blood pressure readings is ≥90 mmHg. Excessive salt intake
can cause hypertension, it can narrow the blood vessels that may
result in decreased blood and oxygen flow.
Recommendations
Community-based health education programs can benefit people with chronic conditions
and improve their health and physiological status. A study conducted by Lu, et al. (2015)
examined the strategies related to the management of hypertension in patients with low socio-
economic status through community-based health education. Results showed that an interactive
education workshop is the most effective way to improve one’s knowledge regarding
hypertension and reduce the risks of preventing hypertension-related complications. The
program includes health teaching of the following: (1) proper medication regimen and adherence
to the maintenance drugs, (2) considerations of appropriate sodium intake in the diet, (3)
engaging in regular physical activities.
However, one’s blood pressure can be easily controlled, it still requires money, time, and
motivation to adapt to prevent complications related to it. Schwalm, et al. (2019) suggested that
community healthcare providers may assist patients in lowering their blood pressure by
providing free medication, counseling them on how to eat healthier and exercise more, and
enlisting the support of family and friends to convince them to take their medications and make
lifestyle changes.
402
Analysis
Presence of breeding sites is one of the major problems but doesn’t need immediate action.
Interpretation
Presence of breeding sites is a health status problem that affects 55.08% of the households in the
community. There is a low probability of eradicating this problem and its effects but through
health teaching, which include it and its effects on the residents, presence of breeding sites could
slowly be reduced. The residents recognize this as a problem but for them it does not need
immediate action.
Health Implications
Presence of breeding sites such as stagnant water, by increasing the breeding of vectors,
increases risk for dengue fever. Signs and symptoms of dengue fever include severe pain in the
stomach, vomiting, difficulty in breathing, or blood discharge in the nose, gums, vomit or stool.
On a more severe dengue fever, excessive bleeding, blood pressure drop, and death may occur
(Mayo Clinic, 2020). Other diseases that can come up due to the presence of breeding sites
includes, but not limited to, chikungunya lymphatic filariasis, rift valley fever, yellow fever, and
zika. (WHO, 2020)
Recommendations
The initial step to prevent the presence of breeding sites is to improve sanitation measures in the
community. Controlling water-related diseases requires proper surface and subsurface drainage
to remove excess water safely and timely. Drainage water can be carefully controlled and reused
to help protect the environment and maximize water resources. The next step is to have water
container management in each household. The initial step in preventing dengue fever is
eliminating any place or container that can store excessive stagnant water, serving as mosquito
breeding grounds (Fritsch, 1993). The barangay officials and community health workers should
teach household members to inspect containers for immature breeding sites. If any breeding sites
are present, the contents of the container should be discarded, and the containers should be
cleaned.
403
Priority # 3 Alcohol Drinking
Figure: Scoring System Table for Faulty Eating Habits
Analysis:
Alcohol drinking is listed as the third major priority in the community. This is because of
the total average it affects in the community, wherein 69.49% of the community is involved, thus
making alcohol drinking the third major priority.
Interpretation:
Alcohol drinking is a health status problem because it increases morbidity, thus affecting
69.49% of the population. There is a low probability of controlling alcohol drinking in the
community because it is usually done occasionally and has a low likelihood of reducing the
effects of alcohol drinking due to the restrictions and protocols implemented during the
pandemic. Also, it is not a community concern since the individuals in the community are
already used to it.
Health Implication:
Alcohol drinking can take a toll on one person’s health. It can affect several systems in
our body, such as the brain, which can change one’s mood and behavior, making it harder to
think accordingly. Alcohol drinking can also cause heart and liver problems, particularly
cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, fatty liver, and cirrhosis. Furthermore, it can weaken a person’s
immune system, making the body easier to target for diseases.
404
Unvaccinated Pets
Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification
Nature of the 2/3*1 0.67 It is a health-resource problem

Problem because it is caused by
Magnitude of the 3/4*3 2.25 Affects 61.17% of the population

Problem
Modifiability of the 1/3*4 1.33 There is a low probability of

Problem reducing the effects posed by
unvaccinated pets
Preventative 1/3*1 0.33 There is low probability of

Potential controlling the number of people
who have unvaccinated pets
Social Concern 0/2*1 0 Not a community concern
Total 4.58
Interpretation
Unvaccinated pets were identified as one of the problems of the community of Barangay
Mojon. This community problem ranked 4th in the prioritization of health conditions/problems
within the community. Moreover,
Analysis
The table above depicts that unvaccinated pets are a health-resource problem in terms of
the nature of the problem because it is caused by lack of money and manpower. This problem
affects 61.17% of the population of Barangay Mojon. Due to the pandemic restrictions, the
modifiability and preventive potential of this problem are both low in chances. Although it is a
problem, it is not a concern from the community’s perspective.
Health Implication
405
Rabies is mainly a disease of animals. Humans get rabies when they are bitten or
scratched by infected animals. Rabies is more widespread in areas where dogs still carry the
disease. Unvaccinated dog bites cause most rabies fatalities worldwide. Rabies affects the
Central Nervous System. Symptoms of rabies infection may be delayed at first. Rabies may
induce overall weakness, fever, and headache weeks or months after a bite. Symptoms include
delirium, aberrant behavior, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and sleeplessness.
Human rabies is almost always fatal if a person does not receive appropriate medical care after
exposure. We may avoid rabies by vaccinating pets, avoiding animals, and seeking medical
attention immediately after exposure.
Priority # 5: Faulty Eating Habits
Figure: Scoring System Table for Faulty Eating Habits

Analysis
As shown in the table, faulty eating habits is one of the major problems seen in the
community since it affects 61.78% of the population. Thus, faulty eating habits need to be
prioritized.
Interpretation
Faulty Eating Habits is a health resource problem because it is caused by lack of money
and manpower. This problem affects 61.87% of the population in Barangay Mojon. There is a
low probability of controlling the number of people having faulty eating habits. There is a low
probability of reducing the effects posed by faulty eating habits. This problem is not a
community concern.
406
Health Implication
According to the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion(NCCDPHP,2021), good nutrition is essential for keeping Americans healthy across
the lifespan. A healthy diet helps children grow and develop properly and reduces their risk of
chronic diseases, including obesity. Adults who eat a healthy diet live longer and have a lower
risk of obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Healthy eating can help people
with chronic diseases manage these conditions and prevent complications..
Recommendation
Due to the limitation of being in an online set up for the public awareness of this problem
as well as this problem is not seen by the community as something to worry about there are only
few ways to remedy the problem. The possible recommendation would be to provide a health
education about faulty eating habits. Providing knowledge of the effects of eating unhealthy
foods as well as wrong diet such as skipping meals would give awareness to the problem in the
community. Besides discussing the effects of this problem, provide solutions or proper ways in
correcting it in order for the public to be encouraged to do this in their own home.
407
DOCUMENTATION
4.1 Invitation
408
Figure 4.1.1 Front of the Invitation
The invitation was created by students of BSN 3C. It includes information such as the
Google meet code, QR code, date, and the program’s concept of the data presentation entitled
“Knights: Dedicated to discover, Committed to care”.
409
4.2 Program flow
410
Figure 4.2.1 Front and Contents of the Invitation
The figure above was the prepared program flow of BSN 3C. The first figure is the front
page of the program flow which contains information such as the date, title, and Google meet
411
code and QR code of the program. The second and third figure shows every part of the
program’s flow with the corresponding name of the guests, officers, and hosts in a specific part
of the program on the right side. The program includes the recording time done by Technical
committee, followed by the opening prayer, singing of the national anthem, BulSU and CON
hymn, welcoming remarks by the Vice chairman of BSN 3C, opening remarks by the
Community coordinator of Level III, and inspirational message from the Dean of College of
Nursing. Data presentation of each variable takes place and is presented by specific students of
3C. Various intermission numbers are done by talented students of BSN 3C. After the data
presentation, an open forum will be held, followed by closing remarks by the Chairman of 3C,
closing prayer, and singing of the BulSU March.
4.3 Permission to Conduct letters
Figure 4.3.1 Permission to Conduct Letters

Figures presented are the letters given to the Barangay captain of Barangay Mojon and
Dean of College of Nursing. It includes the permission to conduct a program in Barangay Mojon
to formally present the data collected from its residence, as well as the target date to perform the
program. The letter was given by the invitation committee and the overall chairperson of BSN
3C.
412
4.4 Documentation on the Meetings
4.4.1 Distribution of tasks per Committee
The meeting was done on October 19, 2021 with the overall chairman and the three
leaders of the committees. It was held via Google Meet and this is the first meeting. Their
objective is to discuss the task distribution per committee.
4.4.2 Distribution of tasks in Technical Committee
413
The meeting was done on October 21, 2021 via Google Meet, led by Leslie Reyes, the
Technical Committee leader, to distribute the tasks to her members.
4.4.3 Sorting of Data
Sorting of data was done by the technical committee on October 22, 2021. Data being
sorted were the data collected from the community which will be put in the Google form and
later on will be presented to the residence of Barangay Mojon.
4.4.4 Presentation of Google Form to Clinical Instructors
414
On October 22, 2021, the presentation of Google Form to the class instructors was done
to double check and revise the said form. Comments, opinions, and suggestions were given by
the instructors to make the form more organized and understandable. Some parts were
structurally changed, while some parts were grouped to be more organized.
4.4.5 Assignation of tasks in Documentation and Evaluation Committee
The meeting was done on October 22, 2021 via Google Meet, led by Tiere
Madlangsakay, the Documentation and Evaluation Committee leader, to distribute the tasks to
her members. Their meeting was arranged to explain what to document in every meeting, from
the meeting of each committee to overall meetings.
415
4.4.6 Data Sorting with Group Leaders
Data sorting was done last November 23, 2021 via Google Meet with the overall
chairman, technical committee chair, and RLE group leaders. Its purpose was to organize the
data collected based on each group’s data.
4.4.7 Google Form Editing
Meeting with the technical committee was done on October 24, 2021 for Google form
editing. It was based on the comments and suggestions from clinical instructors last October 22,
2021.
4.4.8 Data Consultation
416
A data consultation meeting with Mr. Mark De Leon, CHN lecturer, was held last
October 31, 2021 via Google Meet. It was to check if the work of each student was correct,
understandable, and organized.
4.4.9 Problem Presentation with Group Leaders
4.4.10 Sorting of Data with Group Leaders
417
The meeting was held November 5, 2021 using Google Meet. Problem presentation with
Group leaders and Clinical Instructor and sorting of the data with group leaders was done in this
meeting.
4.4.11 Consultation with Sir Bote
4.4.12 Arranging the Program Flow
418
\
4.4.13 Tallying of Data (Policies in the Community)
The meeting was held on November 6, 2021 via google meet. The meeting is done for
Consultation with Clinical Instructors, Arranging the program flow and tallying the data (policies
in the community).
4.4.14 Meeting with Technical and Program Committee
The meeting was held on November 8, 2021 using google meet. The meeting is done for
meeting with the technical and program team and for the discussion of presentation of data.
419
4.4.15 Program Committee meeting
The meeting was held on November 9, 2021 using google meet. Tallying, letter changes
and deadlines was done by this meeting.
4.4.16 Dry run of the Program
The meeting was held on November 11, 2021 using google meet. Dry run of the program
is done by this meeting.
420
The meeting was held on November 12, 2021 using google meet. The purpose of the meeting is
for the:
● Final Dry Run
421
● Discussion Of Reminders
● Meeting With Rle Groups
● Short Meeting For Ppt Finalization
4.4.20 Discussion of Reminders with CIs
The meeting was held on November 12, 2021 via Google meet for the discussion of the last
reminders of the clinical instructors after the final dry run of the presentation.
422
4.4.21 Clarification of Data with Group Leaders
The meeting was held on November 12, 2021 which included the group leaders and the
overall chairman for the clarification of the data gathered for the presentation.
4.4.22 Powerpoint Finalization (Technical Committee)
The meeting was held on November 12, 2021 which was composed of the technical committee
for the finalization of the powerpoint presentation to be used.
423
4.4.23 Checking of graphs (Technical Committee)
The short meeting was held on November 12, 2021 with the technical committee for the
checking of the graphs in the powerpoint presentation.
4.4.24 Dry run of the Presentation
The meeting held on November 17, 2021 was for the dry run of the presentation as well
as the checking of possible errors in the data provided in the powerpoint presentation and
practice of the presenters.
424
4.4.25 Dry run of the Presentation without CIs
The meeting was held on November 17, 2021 for the dry run of data presentation. The
meeting did not include the clinical instructors. Also, the meeting was for the practice of the
presenters for the data presentation.
4.4.26 Final Data Presentation
425
The meeting held on November 19, 2021 was for the final presentation of data gathered
in the community. This meeting included the data presenters, the clinical instructors, dean of the
College of Nursing, barangay officials, and the audience.
4.4.27 Assignment of tasks (Program and Invitation Committee)
The meeting was held on November 20, 2021 for assignment of tasks of the nursing
students for the interpretation, analysis, health implications, and recommendations for the data
gathered on each of the provided variables.
4.4.28 Class meeting with CIs
426
The meeting was held on November 24, 2021 for the discussion of the final paper of the
data gathering in the community, which includes the data interpretation, analysis, health
implications, and recommendations. The meeting included the clinical instructors and the student
nurses.
4.4.29 Distribution of Tasks for the Final Paper
The meeting held on November 25, 2021 was for the distribution of tasks to the members
of the documentation committee for the final paper of the data gathered in the community. This
included the:
● Front page
● Introduction
● Table of Contents
● Documentation
● Evaluation
● Evaluation conclusion
● Appendices
427
4.5 Invitation Letter
Figure 4.5.1 Invitation Letters

The figures above are the invitation letters written addressed to the Barangay captain of
Barangay Mojon, the Dean of College of Nursing, and the Level III Coordinator of the College
of Nursing. This letter formally invites the above-mentioned important persons for the final
presentation of data held on November 19, 2021 conducted virtually through a Google meet.
428
4.6 Evaluation Form
4.6.1 Evaluation Form
The evaluation form was created by the documentation committee for the evaluation of
the recently accomplished data presentation in the community. The evaluation form assessed the
following information:
● Pamamalakad ng Programa
● Pagkamit sa mga Layunin
● Platapormang Ginamit, at
● Iba pang Suhestiyon
429
EVALUATION
430
Introduction
The nursing students of 3C conducted an online evaluation of the data presentation

in accordance with the Community Data Presentation. A 12-item statement was used to
conduct the survey, which was done using Google Forms.
The purpose of this evaluation appraisal analysis is to obtain authorization for the
transcripts and to gain a better understanding of the respondents' knowledge and
perspectives on Community Health Nursing. In addition, it is to determine whether the said
Community Data Presentation was effective and beneficial to the community's
respondents.
Statistical Tool and Treatment

1. Weighted Mean
The formula we used will identify what respondents felt during the program and it
will be measured based on the statements raised in the google form.
The formula of weighted mean is as follows:

Fx = (f) (x)
Whereas:
Fx = weighted mean
F = frequency
X = scale
The formula for an average weighted mean is as follows:
Whereas:
F = frequency
Σf = total number of respondents
Σfx = summation of weighted mean
2. Likert Scale
The scale we used has a five-point agreement scale to measure respondents
preferences and agreement with three categories and twelve statements.
Whereas:
1 is Lubos na hindi sumasang-ayon (Hindi nakamit ang inaasam) or Strongly
disagree
2 is Hindi sumasang-ayon (Hindi sapat ang inaasam) or Disagree
3 is Sapat lang (Nakamit ang inaasam) or Neutral
4 is Sumasang-ayon (Higit na nakamit ang inaasam) or Agree
5 is Lubos na sumasang-ayon or Strongly agree
431
Evaluation Results
A. Pamamalakad ng programa or Program Management
Statement 1: “Ang programa at presentasyon ay naisagawa nang naaayon sa plano.”
Table 1
Category 1 2 3 4 5 Total Evaluation
A1 F 0 0 0 0 59 59 5
Fx 0 0 0 0 295 295
Based on the results, we can infer that the respondents strongly agree that the
program and presentation were performed well based on the prepared plan.
Statement 2: “Maayos na naisakatuparan ang mga layunin ng programa.”
Table 2
A2 F 0 0 0 1 58 59 4.98
Fx 0 0 0 4 290 294
The A2 category gathered a mean of 4.98. The respondents strongly agree that the
program was smoothly delivered.
Statement 3: “Ang programa ay may maayos at malinaw na istraktura.”
Table 3
A3 F 0 0 0 0 59 59 5
Fx 0 0 0 0 295 295
The respondents strongly agree that the program was systematic and in order.
Statement 4: “Natugunan ang aking mga pangangailangan habang isinasagawa ang

programa.”
Table 4
432
A4 F 0 0 0 1 58 59 4.98
Fx 0 0 0 4 290 294
The results have a mean of 4.89. We can infer that the respondents strongly agree
that their needs were met while the program is on-going.
Statement 5: “Ang programa ay tuloy tuloy ang daloy at hindi nagpuputol putol.”
Table 5
A5 F 0 0 0 0 59 59 5
Fx 0 0 0 0 295 295
Based on the calculated mean of category A5, we can see that the respondents
strongly agree that there was no interruption during the whole program.
B. Pagkamit sa mga Layunin or Presenting the Purpose and Goals
Statement 1: “Malinaw na naipaliwanag ang mga datos na pinepresenta.”
Table 6
B1 F 0 0 0 1 58 59 4.98
Fx 0 0 0 4 290 294
Based on the result of category B1, we can infer that the respondents strongly
agree that the data presented was well explained.
Statement 2: “Naintindihan ko ang mga datos at presentasyon sa programa.”
Table 7
433
B2 F 0 0 0 2 57 59 4.97
Fx 0 0 0 8 285 293
The B2 category garnered a mean of 4.97. This shows that the respondents
strongly agree that they understood the presentation of data.
Statement 3: “Marami akong natutunan sa programang ito.”
Table 8
B3 F 0 0 0 1 58 59 4.98
Fx 0 0 0 4 290 294
The respondents strongly agree that they learned a lot in this program.
C. Platapormang Ginamit or Platform Used
Statement 1: “Madali kong naintindihan kung paano gamitin ang plataporma na

ginamit.”
Table 9
C1 F 0 0 0 0 59 59 5
Fx 0 0 0 0 295 295
For the category C1, the respondents strongly agree that they easily understood
how to use and manage the platform used.
Statement 2: “Ang audio o boses ng mga nagpe-presenta ay malinaw at naiintindihan

nang mabuti.”
Table 10
C2 F 0 0 0 1 58 59 4.98
434
Fx 0 0 0 4 290 294
Based on the calculated mean, it shows that the respondents strongly agree that
the audio and voice of the presenter are clear and understandable.
Statement 3: “Ang bidyo at imahe na ipinakita ay malinaw.”
Table 11
C3 F 0 0 0 0 58 59 4.98
Fx 0 0 0 0 290 294
For the category C3, the respondents strongly agree that the video and picture
presented are comprehensible and visible.
Statement 4: “Ang presentasyon ay hindi nawawala wala.”
Table 12
C4 F 0 0 0 0 59 59 5
Fx 0 0 0 0 295 295
The last category garnered a mean of 5. We can infer that respondents strongly
agree that the presentation did not come off during the whole program.
I. EVALUATION CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the purpose of the evaluation is a success starting from obtaining

authorization for the transcripts and the nursing students of 3C gained a better understanding of
the respondents’ knowledge and their perspective on Community Health Nursing. In addition,
the Community Data Presentation was also effective and beneficial to the community’s
respondents. This is corresponding to the evaluation results having mostly a high total of answers
for every category from the answers of the respondents.
435
APPENDICES
436
EVALUATION TOOL FOR DATA PRESENTATION PROGRAM
EBALWASYON SA GINAWANG PAG-PRESENTA NG DATOS NG BSN – 3C
November 19, 2021 | 7:00 AM | Via Google Meet
Full name:_________________________________________________________
Position: (Faculty/Admin, BulSU Student) _______________________________
PANUTO: Pakilagyan ng tsek (/) ang inyong sagot sa mga panuntunan sa ibaba ayon sa mga
sumusunod na pamantayan:
5 – Lubos na sumasang-ayon
4 – Sumasang-ayon (Higit na nakamit ang inaasam)
3 – Sapat lang (Nakamit ang inaasam)
2 – Hindi sumasang-ayon (Hindi sapat ang inaasam)
1 – Lubos na hindi sumasang-ayon (Hindi nakamit ang inaasam)
PAMAMALAKAD NG PROGRAMA
PAHAYAG 5 4 3 2 1
437
1. Ang programa at presentasyon ay nairaos nang naaayon sa plano.
2. Maayos na naisakatuparan ang programa.
3. Ang programa ay may maayos na istraktura.
4. Natugunan ang aking mga pangangailangan habang inilunsad ang

programa.
5. Ang programa ay hindi putol-putol.
PAGKAMIT SA MGA LAYUNIN
PAHAYAG 5 4 3 2 1
1. Malinaw na na ipaliwanag ang mga datos na pinepresenta.
2. Naintindihan ko ang mga datos at presentasyon.
3. Marami akong natutunan sa programang ito.
PLATAPORMANG GINAMIT
PAHAYAG 5 4 3 2 1
1. Madali kong naintindihan kung paano gamitin ang plataporma na

ginamit.
2. Ang audio o boses ng mga nagpe-presenta ay malinaw at

naiintindihan nang mabuti.
3. Ang bidyo at imahe na ipinakita ay malinaw.
4. Ang presentasyon ay hindi nawawala.
IBA PANG SUHESTIYON:
438
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Figure # Online Evaluation tool for presentation of data program
Because, in the current state of academia, a paper evaluation is not possible due to the
pandemic. In Google Forms, the program's evaluation tool and data presentation were
transcribed. The participants were given the URL to the evaluation tool. (Link:
https://forms.gle/QtEwF293yJw8Bxz56)
439
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS SURVEY TOOL
440
441
442
443
444
445
Figure # Online Community Diagnosis Survey Tool
Online Community Diagnosis Survey Tool was developed by the technical committee of
section C to make data tallying more convenient The program's evaluation instrument
Google Forms was used to transcribe the data presentation. ( Link:
https://forms.gle/RgEn2nobv2gyXmzj8 )
446
REFERENCES
447

Final Paper

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Final Paper

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY

In Partial Fulfillment in the Final Requirement in

Appendix B: Community Diagnosis Survey Tool……………………………………….

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Figure 1.1 Pie Chart According to Distribution of Number of Household Identified in

The Philippines' forecasted number of households in 2021 is approximately 21.8 million

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Criteria Frequency Percentage

Male 263 47.73%

Criteria Frequency Percentage

0-18 mos 11 2.00%

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Highest Educational Attainment

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Employment status of an individual establishes an identity in our society. Being

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Figure 1.8.1 Pie Chart of Population According to Type of Employment in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

OFW (Outside the

In relation to OFW workers, diseases associated with cardiovascular, reproductive,

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Figure 1.8.3 Pie Chart of Population According to Category of Work in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Criteria Frequency Percentage

11 months below 14 2.54%

Table 1.9 Distribution of Population According to Length of Residency in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4,

Type of Family (Based on Composition)

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Type of Family (Based on Locus of Power)

Criteria Purok 1 Purok 2 Purok 3 Purok 4 Purok 5 Frequency Percentage

TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Type of Family (Based on Place of Residence)

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

TOTAL 24 24 24 24 22 118 100%

Type of Family (Based on Descent)

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

Sometimes, intense emotions or power imbalances in families can be difficult to resolve

Dialect Commonly Used

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

The presence of different dialects or languages can cause miscommunication, especially

2.1 SOCIAL INDICATORS

Services in the Community

Purok Purok Purok Purok Purok

TOTAL 100 95 80 83 84 442 100%

Church 24 23 23 23 19 112 26.05%

School 22 22 20 21 18 103 23.95%

TOTAL 88 89 87 90 76 430 100%

Figure 2.1.2 Pie Chart According to Institutional Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of

Purok Purok Purok Purok

TOTAL: 54 37 33 57 45 267 100%

raditions and Customs

TOTAL 112 105 133 88 101 539 100%

2.1.4.a Others (Traditions and Customs)

2.1.5 Recreational Facilities

TOTAL 50 42 46 39 41 237 100%

Figure 2.1.5 Pie Chart According to Recreational Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of

Purok Purok Purok Purok

Figure 2.1.5.a Pie Chart According to Recreational Facilities in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and

2.1.6 Mode of Transportation

Figure 2.1.6 Pie Chart According to Mode of Transportation in Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of