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Safety Management in The Construction Industry:: Smartmarket
Safety Management in The Construction Industry:: Smartmarket
Safety Management in The Construction Industry:: Smartmarket
Safety Management
in the Construction
Industry:
Identifying Risks and Reducing Accidents
to Improve Site Productivity and Project ROI
Premier Partner:
Association Partner:
■ Design and Construction Intelligence
SmartMarket Report
1-800-591-4462
MHC_Analytics@McGraw-Hill.com
SmartMarket report
Introduction
ver the last 20 years, the practice Faster Project Schedule: Reported by
O
■■
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry
those projects are delivered and the tools with 73% of these expecting an increase
used for design and communication, all have by 1% or more.
changed dramatically. additionally, new ■■Project Budget: Reported by 39%,
technologies, such as building information with 73% of these expecting decreases Harvey M. Bernstein
modeling (BiM), have enabled projects of 1% or more. F.ASCE, LEED AP
to become more complex.therefore, it Vice President
a good safety program also improves Industry Insights & Alliances
is essential for contractors to have a fully McGraw Hill Construction
competitiveness in less tangible ways.
integrated, extensive safety program that
eighty-two percent report the positive
can respond to evolving industry needs and
impact of their safety program on their
allow them to stay competitive.
company’s reputation, a factor that helps
the results of the study on project
attract talent and new business.
safety featured in this SmartMarket Report
The study also demonstrates that critical
demonstrate that the adoption of safety
industry trends, such as the use of BIM and
practices are different between general
prefabrication, are having powerful positive
contractors and subcontractors, as
impacts on project safety.
well as between small and large firms
■■BIM: 43% of the firms using BIM report
(though these factors are correlated). Michele A. Russo
that it improves site safety.
While over two thirds (67%) of the industry LEED AP
■■Prefabrication/Modularization: 49% of
overall report having a fully inclusive Director
firms using prefabrication/modularization Research Communications
and widely observed safety program, McGraw Hill Construction
find it improves site safety.
an extensive program is far more
the importance of these trends is
common for large firms:
reinforced by the fact that firms using BiM
■■92% of firms with over 500 employees
or prefabrication have significantly higher
report this high level of safety program.
adoption levels of nearly all the safety
■■48% of firms with less than 50 employees
practices measured in the survey.
report the same.
as the industry looks to increase
in order to increase adoption of stronger productivity and competitiveness, lowering
safety management programs, firms, project risk through strong safety practices
especially smaller firms, need data to help is increasingly important. We would like
Donna Laquidara-Carr,
make the case for these programs. this to thank our primary partners, ClickSafety
Ph.D., LEED AP
study reveals some of the key benefits of and CPWr, for helping us bring this critical Manager, Industry Insights &
these programs: information to the construction industry. Research Communications
McGraw Hill Construction
Harvey M. Bernstein, F.ASCE, Council and as a visiting more than 18 years of experi- provides editorial direction,
LEED AP, has been a leader in Professor with the University of ence tracking environmental analysis and content to MHC’s
the engineering and construc- Reading’s School of Construc- policy trends, Michele also helps SmartMarket Reports. Prior to
tion industry for over 30 years. tion Management and Engineer- direct the green content across starting this position in 2008,
Currently, he has lead responsi- ing in England. Bernstein has an MHC’s portfolio of products she worked for nearly 20 years
bility for MHC’s market research M.B.A. from Loyola College, an and services. Previously, she with MHC’s Dodge division,
group as well as MHC’s thought M.S. in engineering from Princ- served as Executive Director of where she gained insight into
leadership initiatives in areas eton University and a B.S. in the Clean Beaches Council and the construction news industry.
such as green building, BIM, civil engineering from the New Deputy Director of the National
From 2005–2008, she served as
interoperability, innovation and Jersey Institute of Technology. Pollution Prevention Roundta-
global construction markets. ble. Russo has a B.S. in chemical Editorial Training and Policy
Previously, Bernstein served Michele A. Russo, LEED AP, engineering from Cornell Uni- Manager, responsible for
as the President and CEO of is responsible for managing versity and a master’s in public educating over 250 reporters
the Civil Engineering Research MHC’s SmartMarket Report policy from Harvard University’s on key trends in the industry.
Foundation. He currently serves series and market insights Kennedy School of Government. Laquidara-Carr has a Ph.D. from
as a member of the Princeton program, leading to over 30 key Tulane University, an M.A. from
University Civil and Environ- industry trend reports produced Donna Laquidara-Carr, Boston University and a B.A.
mental Engineering Advisory since 2005. Drawing from her Ph.D., LEED AP, currently from Middlebury College.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
4 Executive Summary
4 Executive Summary
6 Recommendations
7 Data
8 Types of Safety Practices
8 Types of Practices Used to Promote Safety on Projects
10 Top Practices to Increase Safety on Projects
11 Implementing New Safety Practices in the Next Three Years
12 Level of Integration of Safety Policies and Programs
13 Aspects of a World-Class Safety Program
15 SIDEBAR Integration of Safety and Quality Management
23 Influence Factors
23 Factors Driving Adoption of Current Safety Management Practices
24 Factors Encouraging Future Investment in More Extensive Safety Management Practices
25 Factors Discouraging Investment in More Extensive Safety Management Practices
Front Cover: Dwight Smith/Shutterstock.com. Opposite Page: Both images from iStockphoto/Thinkstock
52 Methodology
53 Resources
or more.
13% 15%
■■73% report decrease of project budget by 1% or more,
with 20% noting an increase of greater than 5%. Project Project Project Reportable
Schedule Budget ROI Injuries
in addition, contractors also see other types of business
benefits, such as:
■■Improved Reputation: 82%
Level of Adoption of Safety Practices
■■Increased Ability to Contract New Work: 66%
and Policies
■■Improved Project Quality: 66%
Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
employees, these data results demonstrate the need for (according to respondents that use BiM)
greater knowledge about safety impacts in the industry Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
players from across the industry must engage in promoting the use
of a wide range of safety management practices by contractors.
W contractors
have the
most direct
impact on the adoption
of safety management
that are unavoidable.this
includes involvement by
the major trades, such as
mechanical and electrical
contractors, as well as
Associations and
Organizations
pRovide moRe data
on the Business
Benefits of safety
implement safety
pRactices fRom the
Bottom up
the study results consistently
demonstrate that safety
practices, increasing project subcontractors. Many of the main obstacles practices implemented on the
safety does not benefit cited by firms, including jobsite and engaging jobsite
them alone.the industry encouRage increased cost and lower workers are highly effective,
as a whole would benefit use of Bim and productivity, are areas in a finding that is not surprising
by being able to attract pRefaBRication which investment in safety but one that contractors
talent if it had a better safety forty-three percent of the can improve performance. need to bear in mind as they
reputation, and project contractors surveyed report More hard data on these expand their safety programs.
owners would benefit from that BiM use improves savings can help firms
projects with less insurance project safety, and nearly encourage their senior take advantage of
liability, shorter schedules half of those using BiM cite leadership to invest onsite moBile tools
and improved budgets. the ability to identify site in greater safety over three quarters of the
hazards before construction management practices. respondents find that mobile
Owners begins as a major factor, tools with a wide range of
RequiRe a full Range with clash detection also apply pRessuRe uses, like iPads, iPhones
of safety pRactices noted by nearly a quarter. to the insuRance and other smartphones,
nearly two thirds of the these findings suggest industRy to Reduce have a positive impact on
contractors surveyed that encouraging BiM contRactoR insuR- safety. general contractors
said that stronger owner use could have a material ance Rates Based in particular would benefit
requirements would impact on safety. on use of a stRong from wider use by all jobsite
encourage them to develop in addition, 49% of safety management workers of these tools and
a more extensive safety contractors find that pRogRam taking full advantage of all the
management program. using prefabrication/ Seventy-eight percent ways in which they can help
modularization on projects of contractors consider improve safety.
RequiRe eaRlieR has a positive impact on reduced insurance rates
contRactoR involve- safety. While prefabrication a strong incentive to help encouRage gReateR
ment in pRojects is not a universal solution, fund their investments investment in safety
the contractor is the most it is still underutilized in the in safety programs. By engaging senioR
important, well-informed industry, and interest in industry associations and leadeRship
and influential player in these approaches by project organizations have more for small firms, the owner
encouraging overall project owners when appropriate collective clout to advocate needs to recognize the
safety.therefore, having the would encourage wider for change in rate policies. value of safety in order to
contractor, and especially use, thereby potentially see greater investment in
that firm’s safety personnel, improving site safety. more safety practices, while
engaged during the design engagement by senior leader-
and preconstruction phases ship in large firms is essential
can help avoid some to improve safety programs. n
S
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
industry. Jobsites are complex environments, with workers from mul- Note About
tiple trades interacting in challenging physical environments. recent the Data
efforts to improve safety appear to have had some effect: the u.S. The data and analysis
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in September 2012 reported that fatal injuries in this report are
in the private construction sector had declined for five consecutive years, with based on an online
fatal injuries down between 2006 and 2011 by 46%. survey conducted with
at the same time, Mcgraw hill Construction’s dodge construction starts responses from 263
general contractors,
data demonstrate that 2006 marked a peak for the construction industry, and
specialty contractors,
between 2006 and 2011, construction activity measured by value declined design-build firms,
more than 50%, suggesting that declines in fatal accidents may be at least construction managers
partly attributed to lower rates of overall activity. in addition, the same BLS and engineering firms.
report also noted that construction still has the second-highest rate of fatal For the purpose of
work injuries compared with other industries despite the improvement analysis, the category
in performance. Clearly improving safety remains one of the greatest of general contractors
used in the data
challenges facing the construction industry today.
includes design-build
While the issue of improving safety has been an industry need for decades,
firms and construction
this is a particularly exciting time to examine how safety management managers, and the
practices are being implemented and are perceived by the industry, as well category of specialty
as the benefits of a safety program. the construction industry is changing contractors includes
in ways that have strong implications for site safety. Some of the key trends engineering firms.
that have implications for safety include the use of new and unfamiliar The data also
include comparisons
products and technologies to achieve green goals on projects, the use of
between firms using
BiM and collaborative design, the proliferation of mobile tools onsite and
building information
the increasing interest in the use of prefabrication. all of these rising trends modeling (BIM) and
offer new opportunities to increase safety, as well as unique challenges that those that do not. A
may necessitate new approaches to the development and delivery of safety firm is identified as
training. the use of increasingly multifunctional mobile tools onsite, for using BIM if they have
example, offer new ways to bring safety information to jobsite workers, but worked with BIM
models created by
they need to be deployed effectively in ways that contribute to productivity
other firms or authored
and enhance communication.
a BIM model for any
the data in this study demonstrate that the industry has a high awareness of their projects.
of safety management practices, but that the implementation of those prac-
tices and of an inclusive and comprehensive safety program varies widely, For the full methodology,
especially by firm type and size. it also demonstrates how firm type and size see page 52.
factor into the value placed on different means of educating staff about safety.
one key finding that can help spur greater investment in safety training is
the productivity and business benefits gained from making investments in a
strong safety management program, from improved company reputation to
improved project return on investment. engaging firm leadership in the need
for a strong safety program as a critical aspect of a firm’s competitiveness can
help increase investment in safety.
By providing a clear portrait of existing safety practices that can serve as
a benchmark for companies, by demonstrating the gaps in safety adoption,
and by exploring the opportunities and challenges represented by important
construction industry trends for increasing safety in construction, this report
offers all industry players insights into how to continue to improve this vital
part of the construction process.
Construction industry firms report using a broad array Types of Practices Used on Projects to
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
78% of all respondents report analyzing potential site Establishing effective, site specific training programs
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
■■ ■■
hazards in preconstruction, the second most widely for workers and subcontractors (92%)
adopted practice. Preconstruction planning has been
Small firms with 1–9 employees report use of
recognized by the industry to significantly impact
these practices at much lower rates, 39%, 24% and
worker protection and reduce injuries as studies have
33%, respectively.
shown over the past decade.
the most likely reason for the dramatic difference in
■■70% report developing a site specific HaSP.
adoption of most practices between large and small firms
■■63% indicate using a site specific training program
is the availability of resources to devote to safety at larger
for workers and subcontractors.
firms that can invest in dedicated safety personnel and
■■50% say they use a site specific emergency action
training staff.
plan within the HaSP.
overall, when respondents are asked to choose the Top Practices Found Most Effective in
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
single best practice to improve safety, their responses Increasing Project Safety
fall into two categories: either they directly address site Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
conditions or they involve incorporating a strong safety
process, including assigning personnel and engaging Develop Site Specific
HASP (Health and Safety Plan)
jobsite workers.
25%
twenty-five percent of respondents report develop-
ing a site specific Health and Safety Plan (HaSP) to be the Analyze Potential Site
Safety Hazards
most effective in increasing safety on their projects. this in Preconstruction
finding is not surprising given that site specific haSPs
17%
are comprehensive in nature and generally cover oSha
requirements, safety rules and responsibilities, safety Appoint/Assign/
Authorize Project
training, emergency action plans and other elements that Safety Personnel
are critical to safety management on a project site.
17%
Some firms also report safety practices that start in
the preconstruction stage to be among the most effec- Include Jobsite Workers
in Safety Process
tive in improving the safety of a project down the road.
Seventeen percent find analyzing potential site safety 13%
hazards and assigning project safety personnel before Conduct Regular Project
construction begins to be very effective. Safety Audits With
Foremen/Workers
it is notable that, despite higher use of practices by
7%
firms using BiM and prefabrication, there are no statis-
tically significant differences in the percentage of these
firms’ selections of the single best practice.
Forty-two percent of respondents do not plan to New Safety Practices Firms Are Planning to
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
change their current safety practices over the next Implement in Next Three Years
three years. this finding suggests that many contractors Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
Firm size is directly correlated to the level of integration Level of Adoption of Safety Practices
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
the selection of ten practices by over 60% of the Aspects of a World-Class Safety Program
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
51% of specialty contractors, and the same differential Aspects of a World-Class Safety Program
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
Many contractors are finding the integration of risk analysis, quality and
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry
hen reviewing proj- risk management with operations the company’s integrated plan-
Improved reputation is the positive impact of Positive Impacts of Using Safety Practices
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
adopting safety practices reported by the highest (reported by at Least 50% of respondents)
percentage of respondents, even higher than Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
reduction of injuries. this result is striking because it
Reputation in the Industry
demonstrates that firms recognize the business value of
safety. an improved reputation in the industry is likely 82%
the result of many of the other benefits of a good safety Workers Reporting Unsafe Conditions
program—including reduced injury rates, reduced costs 76%
as a result of reduced risk, less rework, more on-time
Reportable Injury Rates
completion of projects, improved employee morale and
enhanced productivity. 71%
Ability to Contract New Work
Safety Culture 66%
the next two most commonly reported positive
Project Quality
impacts demonstrate the importance firms place on
having a strong safety culture. having open door poli- 66%
cies that encourage workers to report unsafe conditions
and provide safety-related feedback and a reduction in
Positive and Negative Productivity Impacts
reportable injury rates are both viewed by over 70% of
of Safety Programs on Projects
the respondents as having a positive impact on safety.
Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
this result is not surprising since both of these are key
outcomes that firms across the industry expect from their Positive Impact Negative Impact
pursuit of safety practices.
71%
Business Impacts
a significant percentage of respondents report their
firms’ safety practices as having positive business 51%
outcomes—two thirds find that they have an increased
ability to contract new work and improve project 43%
39%
quality due to their safety practices. this finding is
critical because it demonstrates how many firms
view their safety practices as providing them with a
competitive advantage. 15%
13%
Over half of the respondents also find that safety has
a positive overall impact on ROI. this is also important, 5% 6%
especially given the fact that less than half find specific
improvements to project schedule (43%) and project Project Project Project Reportable
budget (39%). Clearly the other benefits they achieve Schedule Budget ROI Injuries
carry enough weight for them to find value in safety.
however, it is important to note that only a small to be made known across the industry. the connection
percentage report that safety practices have a negative must be made between safer jobsites and their benefits:
impact on project budget (15%) or project schedule (13%), avoiding high dollar losses caused by injuries, reduced
and even fewer see negative impacts on project roi (5%). overhead cost of insurance payments and hidden costs
for most, safety practices are either neutral or beneficial such as employee replacement costs and OSHa cita-
for these direct business impacts. tions. according to the Business roundtable, the ratio of
the notable percentage of respondents that do not yet cost savings to program costs for implementing a safety
perceive these benefits, though, suggest that the posi- management program is estimated to be between five-
tive business impacts of safety management still have to-one and nine-to-one for the construction industry.
Other Safety Impacts in addition, large firms report positive impacts on project
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
despite the strong influence of safety on firm reputation, schedule (55%) and project budget (47%)—a higher
only 46% report that safety practices help them to retain percentage than small firms (36% and 24%, respectively).
staff and 37% find that safety practices help them attract given that small firms are less likely to report having
new staff. however, these numbers must be viewed in fully inclusive, widely observed safety programs (see
light of the sustained high levels of unemployment in the page 12), this finding also demonstrates that greater
construction industry, which have no doubt impacted investment in safety yields stronger returns. to see better
the ability of staff to select firms based on their safety outcomes, small firms may need to consider long-term
records. a sustained recovery could have longer-term benefits when considering their safety investments.
implication for the firm’s reputation in this area.
Variation by Use of BIM
Variation by Firm Type a significantly higher percentage of BiM users report
for two measures of safety impact, a significantly that they experience nearly all of the positive impacts
higher percentage of general contractors report measured in the survey on their projects from their safety
seeing positive benefits from their safety programs program than non-BiM users, including the top five
than specialty contractors. impacts reported by respondents as a whole. the only
■■Project Schedule benefit not reported by a statistically larger percentage of
• General contractors: 56% BiM users is staff retention, though a notable 11% more
• Specialty contractors: 42% BiM users than non-users report this benefit.
■■Project ROI the study demonstrates that firms using BiM have a
• General contractors: 49% larger commitment to safety, employing more practices
• Specialty contractors: 33% (see page 9) and having a more fully integrated safety
program (see page 12) than non-BiM users. given these
in addition, there is also a general trend for a higher
findings, it is not surprising that they would report greater
percentage of general contractors to report positive
benefits from their safety adoption.
impacts compared with specialty contractors, even if the
differences are not statistically significant, for factors
such as improved reputation in the industry (84% versus
Variation by Use of Prefabrication/
78%); willingness of workers to report unsafe working
Modularization
despite generally wider adoption of safety practices by
conditions (77% versus 74%); improved injury rates (74%
firms that use prefabrication/modularization compared
versus 68%); ability to contract new work (69% versus
with those that do not, there are just three benefits of
63%); and improved project quality (68% versus 63%).
a safety program reported by a significantly higher
this finding is clearly influenced by the wider adoption
percentage of prefabrication/modularization users:
of most safety practices by general contractors than by
■■Positive impact on project schedule: 48% of prefabrica-
specialty contractors (see page 8 for more information).
tion users, compared with 23% of non-users
■■Positive impact on willingness of jobsite workers
Variation by Firm Size to report incidents: 79% of prefabrication users,
for the most part, there is a significant difference
compared with 60% of non-users
between respondents from small firms and large firms on
■■Positive impact on reputation: 83% of prefabrication
what impact safety practices have on the success of their
users, compared with 73% of non-users
projects. a significantly higher percentage of large firms
compared with small firms report safety having a positive Since prefabrication and modularization improve project
impact in the following areas: schedule as well as safety, it is not surprising that users
■■Reportable injury rates (88% versus 36%) attribute some of their schedule savings to their safety
■■Reputation in the industry (92% versus 57%) programs. also, the association of safety and these
■■ability to contract new work (84% versus 33%) practices may help firms that use prefabrication/modu-
■■Project ROI (67% versus 21%) larization to gain an improved reputation in the industry.
With less clutter and activity onsite, jobsite workers may
also be able to note more potential hazards.
among the firms that note an improvement in project Impact of Safety Practices on
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
schedule due to their safety practices, 50% have experi- Project Schedule
enced a decrease in their project schedule by one week (according to those that reported
or more, with 19% reporting a decrease of two weeks or Positive impacts on Schedule)
more. this level of schedule improvement can have a Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
Nearly half (49%) of the respondents that indicate posi- Impact of Safety Practices on
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
• General contractors: 3%
• Specialty contractors: 6%
■■Budget decrease of 6% to 10%
Variation by Firm Size for small firms, absorbing the extra costs of safety prac-
a higher percentage of very small firms (those with less tices into their smaller budgets may mute the benefits in
than 10 employees) report that safety practices have some cases. however, just one example of strong savings
either a strong impact on their budgets or very little could have a more major impact on a small firm’s budget
impact on their budgets compared with very large firms than a similar savings by a large firm, resulting in greater
(with more than 500 employees). overall impact.
Fifty-three percent of the respondents who report Impact of Safety Practices on Project ROI
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
increases in ROI as a result of safety practices find that (according to those that reported Positive
they achieve ROI increases of 1% to 5%. twenty percent impacts on roi)
of respondents see even higher returns of 6% or more. as Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
Not only do a large percentage of contractors report that Impact of Safety Practices on Project
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
the use of safety practices result in reduced injury rates Injury Rates
(see page 16), but a much higher percentage also report (according to those that reported Positive
medium to high levels of reduction, compared with the impacts on injury rates)
other impact measures. in fact, nearly half (45%) report a Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
helping to alert them to issues and guide them about how to react.
agging indicators of safety Steve Smithgall, corporate senior dePrater says the company now
L performance, such as
total recordable incident
rates, and days away and
restricted or transferred rates, are
well established in the construction
vice president for Safety, health
and environment at Balfour Beatty
Construction, says leading indicators
are a prime focus of the company’s
safety performance metrics. With
tracks the program’s performance
as a leading indicator. “if you don’t
continue to measure, you can’t
understand your improvements
from baseline,” she adds.
industry. But in an effort to take a more than 1,000 active projects in the
more proactive approach to safety, u.S. at any one time, the company Safety Database
many contractors also track leading has standardized its safety audit rich Baldwin, director of health,
indicators to see how they can best system to capture and analyze data Safety and environment at PCL
deploy resources and mitigate risk. across the entire country. Construction, says the company sees
experts admit that it’s not an “We look for common issues,” leading indicators as a way to drive
exact science. While major lagging he says. “We’re not just counting down incident rates. as such, the
indicators are based on quantifiable accidents—we’re counting all company has invested in its Safety
statistics—such as the number of observations. if we see 500 Management Center, a database that
injuries on a job—leading indicators observations of unsafe use of he says captures “every facet of data
often aren’t so easily defined—such ladders, that’s a leading indicator you can imagine related to health,
as rating a company’s safety culture. that we need a stand down at our safety and environment.
jobsites to do ladder safety training.” “We not only gather incident
Developing Leading data on ladder safety led to information—including injuries,
Indicators changes at turner Construction. near misses and first aids—but we
Safety consultant emmitt nelson the company studied its data from capture the leading indicators as
of the Zero injury institute has 2005 to 2009 and identified the costs well,” he says. “We measure the
develop metrics for more than two of incidents related to ladder injuries. superintendent’s accomplishment
decades. Based on work started by “the results were staggering,” adds of periodic inspections; we measure
the Construction industry institute Cindy dePrater, vice president of attendance at field safety meetings;
in the 1990s, nelson created a environmental health and Safety. and we measure our action plans.
system that measures 131 leading following the two-year study, When we discover a trend in our
indicators, which he uses as turner developed its Ladders Last incidents, we develop action plans
performance metrics for clients. program, which emphasizes using and track those through the SMC.”
his process includes surveying means other than ladders on jobsites, in some cases, those findings
project personnel, ranging from top such as platforms or lifts. although have driven purchasing decisions.
executives to the trade workers the initiative has the potential to raise due to data about hand injuries, the
in the field. construction costs up front, dePrater company committed to spend “five
“if my survey shows that company says the company sees the payback. to 10 times as much” on better work
leadership says [the team] is doing “the metrics at the end showed gloves. data on eye injuries also lead
something [relative to training], but improvement in lost time, falls and to use of “spoggles,” a hybrid of
only a few of the trades say they are recordable incidents,” she says. safety glasses and goggles. n
doing it, that’s an indicator of a lack of “We also found that by providing
safety knowledge,” he says. “Safety [workers] with better equipment
knowledge correlates with safety or a lift, they were more productive
results. if you want results, you have and we saw better quality.”
to focus on the execution gap.” armed with that knowledge,
Respondents report a high number of factors driving the Factors That Influenced Firms to Adopt
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
adoption of their current safety practices. at least 50% Safety Management Practices
report 10 different factors, with the most influential driver Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
being concern about worker health and well-being (79%).
Concern About Worker Health and Well-Being
This factor is also of particular importance to BIM users,
with 89% of BIM users reporting this driver compared 79%
with 72% of non-users. Insurance Costs
Other top drivers stem from concerns over project 78%
cost and schedule, including insurance costs (78%),
Liability Concerns
liability concerns (77%) and avoiding business disrup-
tion (65%). Higher injury rates can certainly be a cause of 77%
expensive liability payments and higher insurance rates, Avoiding Potential Business Disruption
as well as OSHA citations and work stoppages. 65%
For users of BIM and prefabrication/modularization,
positive expectations about the impact of safety practices Owner/Client Demand
also are key drivers, with a significantly higher percent- 64%
age reporting the following drivers: Regulatory Requirements
■■Positive Return on Investment
63%
• 49% of BIM users versus 30% non-users
• 44% of prefabrication users versus 17% of non-users Desire to Improve Productivity
■■Leadership in Overall Safety Culture 54%
• 72% of BIM users versus 36% non-users Past Incidents Involving
• 58% of prefabrication users versus 23% of non-users Worker Health and Well-Being
52%
Expectation of achieving these positive impacts may
contribute to the high level of safety investment at firms Industry Leadership in
using BIM and prefabrication/modularization. Overall Safety Culture
51%
Variation by Firm Type Competitive Advantage
General contractors and specialty contractors respond
50%
similarly on what factors are most influential in driving
the adoption of current safety practices, with the excep-
tion of two factors:
■■83% of general contractors report concern for worker
Respondents report reduced insurance rates (78%) and Factors Encouraging Wider Adoption of
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
greater client requirements (68%) as the top two factors Safety Management Practices in the Future
influencing their firms to invest in more extensive safety (According to 50% or More of Respondents)
management practices and procedures in the future. Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
Three of the top four factors that discourage investment Factors Discouraging Investment in
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
Respondents report owners (37%) and company Most Influential Position Within Company
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
Injury claims at Limbach have and doing a detailed orientation. But outside of our tree of knowledge,
been substantially down for the one of the biggest differences, and i do look to bring in the best and the
past eight years. How were you one of the most powerful aspects of brightest i can find on particular
able to achieve this? the program, involves them writing subjects to help us move it along.
Bacon: Prior to joining Limbach, a letter to their family, which is pre- i think with this, because it’s more
while i was on the executive team for sented to them after they have died psychological in getting people
safety at Bovis, we launched a pro- due to an injury on the job. this emo- to think differently about safety,
gram called incident and injury free tional experience really hits home. you can’t really do that internally
(iif) after we experienced six fatali- in addition, the program conducts at the start. i really think the Ceo
ties around the world. the program detailed training of foremen, also needs to have an external coach to
was incredibly succesful. When i called supervisory training. it empha- help them through the journey of
joined Limbach as Ceo in 2004, we sizes giving positive reinforcement change management.
had a fatality here two weeks before when somebody does something the training and development
i arrived. the experience made me well in contrast to yelling at them for starts with the executive team, and
realize, as we had done at Bovis, that doing something wrong. overall, the then you continue to cascade that
a whole different approach had to program drums into each employee down through the organization to the
be taken on how to get the mind-set to care about what they’re doing, to tradesmen where they are involved
of working safely and not have any care about the others that they work in a day- or two-day long orientation.
accidents. So i made the decision to with and to care about the company So it’s a huge investment of time
employ the iif approach at Limbach. they work for. essentially it is about and money because you’re tying
Since then we have dramatically creating a real culture of safety. people up.
changed our profile, and we are one
of the safest contractors in the u.S. How were you able to imple- What other ways has a robust
today. i’m not only proud of what ment the IIF program? What are safety program impacted
we’ve done at Limbach, but i’m also the critical steps that need to your business?
very proud of the iif program. be taken if other firms want to Bacon: With safety becoming
adopt the IIF approach to safety? a part of the culture at Limbach,
Could you briefly describe the Bacon: first, you need to consider we’ve seen the quality of our
main aspects of the Incident what other things are going on at workmanship go up, our productivity
and Injury Free (IIF) approach your firm, other strategic initiatives has improved, and rework is now
to safety and how it differs from you may have. then if you choose to almost nonexistent. We have not
others? How does it benefit do this, this has to be led by the Ceo, seen any sort of general liability
the industry? not by anybody else. if it isn’t led by claim in several years.
Bacon: the big emphasis in iif is the Ceo, it won’t work because this our margins have also improved
on the behavioral part. it is not a car- is cultural. i believe the only way you dramatically. Most things are driven
rot-and-stick approach, but is more can change a culture within a busi- by economics, and people really do
about reinforcement of the behav- ness is when it is driven and driven kind of get around numbers because
ior you want out of the individual. hard by the Ceo. we are in business. it’s terrible to
iif really stresses the importance of Second, you will need to bring in a bring up safety in numbers, but
personal ownership. the program consultant. When i want to do some the fact of the matter is, if you work
involves bringing the tradesmen in work on some matter that’s really safely, you will make more money. n
Safety training and orientation has a major impact on Influence of Safety Training By Role
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
Firm size is a significant factor in the choice of how Entities That Conduct Safety Training for
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
OSHa 30 training for supervisors and foremen is more OSHA 10 and OSHA 30 Training
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
While different training modes are widely used by most Training for Jobsite Workers
firms, there are also notable differences. Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
■■95% of respondents use on-the-job training.
as with jobsite workers, on-the-job training is reported Level of Use and Value of Modes of
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
to have the greatest value to foremen (82%) among Training for Foremen and Supervisors
training modes. this is consistent across firms of all sizes, (By type of firm)
and it is consistent for general and specialty contractors Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
alike. this finding aligns with other findings throughout
the study that demonstrate that firms place more Use
emphasis on site specific grounded safety practices. Consider to Be of Great Value
Classroom training is accorded high value by Training on the Jobsite
55% of respondents and is especially favored by large
General Contractors
firms that can make the investments for offsite training.
94%
While this may appear in contrast to the emphasis
on internal training capabilities for larger firms, offsite 82%
classroom training may in fact still be conducted by Specialty Contractors
internal staff. this training is favored by 75% of firms with 94%
more than 500 employees and 62% of firms with between 82%
100–499 employees.
online training is considered a great value by only
Classroom Training
26% of respondents and is not used at all by 24% of
respondents. the smallest firms (1–9 employees) value General Contractors
online training the highest (36%), though differences with 88%
larger firms are not statistically significant. 56%
Specialty Contractors
Variation by Firm Type 90%
General contractors and specialty contractors share
54%
the same preferences for training mode, with 82%
of respondents believing on-the-job training to be of
Online Training
great value. the only significant differences between
the two types of firms is that specialty contractors are General Contractors
more likely than general contractors to feel that there 72%
is no value in classroom training (9% versus 3%). the 24%
slightly higher reticence of specialty contractors to use Specialty Contractors
classroom training may reflect a desire to keep costs low
82%
and primarily focus on on-the-job training with minimal
31%
capital investments.
Site orientation (78%) and supervisor training (77%) are Value of Types of Safety Training for
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
Creating a culture of safety is a very high priority in the Value of Types of Safety Training for
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
the largest firms offer formal safety training to their Frequency of Formal Safety Training for
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
jobsite workers more frequently than smaller firms. the Jobsite Workers
largest firms typically assume greater risk and liability Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
n recent years, behavioral train- contractors is established at each president and chief risk officer at Je
the top two most effective means of communicating Most Effective Means of Communicating
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
about safety to employees, selected by a far larger About Safety With Employees
percentage than any other choices, are toolbox talks Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
the top source of health and safety information reported Top Sources of Health and Safety
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry data
Forty-three percent of the survey respondents report (According to Respondents Who Use BIM)
using BIM on at least some of their projects, either Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
Among the BIM users who believe that use of Top BIM Function for Improving Safety
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
BIM improves safety, nearly half (47%) find that Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
the identification of potential site hazards before
Identify Potential Site Hazards
construction begins is the most effective BIM function Before Construction Begins
for improving safety. This result corresponds to findings
47%
that demonstrate that safety practices directly related
to the jobsite are the most highly valued by contractors Clash Detection
in general. 23%
Another important BIM function for improving Ability to
safety according to contractors is the use of BIM for Create 3D Images
clash detection. Finding clashes in advance rather than 12%
onsite prevents potentially dangerous situations with
Ability to
workers from different trades seeking to do work in one Support Prefabrication
area from arising. 12%
The use of 3D images and prefabrication are also
noted by some respondents as the most important Ability to Better Identify
Designer Intentions
choices, but only a few consider understanding the
6%
designer’s intent a critical way to promote safety.
The top two stages in the BIM process at which safety Stage in the BIM Process at Which
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
cgraw hill Construc- temporary/movable structures plan- applies oSha requirements to 4-d
Mobile devices have become a common feature on A significantly higher percentage of general contractors use
jobsites, integrated in the workflow of a project. Eighty- mobile technologies compared with specialty contractors,
eight percent of respondents currently use mobile tools 92% versus 82%, respectively. General contractors are also
on their projects, up from 76% in 2011. However, there is a using them on a higher percentage of their projects, with
slight reduction in the firms that intend to use them onsite 76% reporting that they use them on 75% or more of their
in the future, down to 84%, suggesting that this adoption projects versus 62% of specialty contractors.
has reached a saturation point for current devices. The only form of technology for which there is a
Seventy-one percent of the respondents using mobile statistically significant difference is iPads, with a higher
devices do so on more than 75% of their jobsites. General percentage of general contractors (45%) currently report
contractors tend to use mobile devices more frequently their use than specialty contractors (32%). However, there
than specialty contractors, with 14% more general is a trend toward more general contractors using more
contractors reporting use of mobile devices at that level. expensive technologies, including iPhones and netbooks
Interestingly, firm size is not a factor in the level of as well. That trend also appears to hold for the next two
use, with no statistically significant differences reported years, with a significantly higher percentage of general
between small and large firms. contractors expecting to be using iPads and netbooks
than specialty contractors. Clearly, specialty contractors
Types of Devices Used Over Time are more cost-sensitive in their technology investments.
Currently smartphones are the most widely used technol-
Variation by firM size
ogy on jobsites. While this was true two years ago as well,
There is no statistically significant difference in the level
the level of use has increased. The same pattern holds for
of use of mobile technologies by firm size. The differ-
GPS devices, also widely used on sites.
ences in the types of technologies are also less evident
The devices that are expected to grow in use over the
than by firm type. While larger firms appear to be more
next two years are tablets and netbooks. This clearly
willing to invest in the iPhone and iPad, there is not an
demonstrates a desire for more capabilities and power in
equivalent tendency for more of them to use netbooks,
the device. The larger screens may also be appealing for
either now or in two years, which suggests that they
review of project documents. There may be expectation
are less likely to be making technology decisions based
that prices will also continue to fall for these technologies.
primarily on cost considerations.
Mobile Device Tools Most Tools Used on Mobile Devices on Job Sites
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
The staff most typically using mobile devices depends Staff Using Mobile Devices
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
largely on the type of firm. For general contractors, site (by Type of Firm)
superintendents and senior management are reported Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
by the largest percentage as the users of mobile devices
onsite, and the percentage reporting them is nearly 30 General Contractors
percentage points higher than the next position. Less Specialty Contractors
than one quarter of the general contractors report that Site Superintendent
jobsite workers are using mobile devices.
92%
On the other hand, the highest percentage of specialty
contractors identify their foremen as the largest users of 71%
mobile devices onsite. And while a large percentage still Senior Management
report use by superintendents and senior management, 84%
the gap between them and those reporting use by jobsite 76%
workers is considerably less.
This may be a reflection of the roles of the employee Foreman
answering the surveys. Respondents who work for 47%
specialty contractors are more likely to have positions 81%
that work more directly with field staff, and they would Safety Director
therefore be more aware of the devices used in the field.
56%
However, if that issue does not fully account for this
49%
difference, these findings have implications about the
use of mobile devices to improve safety onsite. Given the Jobsite Worker
clear emphasis on the strongest safety programs being 22%
implemented through the entire organization, especially 46%
the staff in the field, it is clear that the use of mobile
devices to increase safety is limited when the access
to these devices is limited, especially among general
contractors and smaller firms.
A wide range of mobile devices is reported as having Impact of Mobile Devices on Safety
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
a positive impact on safety, with over half of the Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
respondents indicating positive impacts for all of the
Smartphone Other Than iPhone
devices and more than 75% for several of them. In
addition, the percentage reporting a negative impact 82%
is under 5% for all the devices except one, tablets other iPad
than iPads, and even that was still a nominal 7%. There is 81%
clearly agreement across the industry that using mobile
iPhone
devices helps make projects safer.
78%
The devices that are seen as having the greatest
impact on safety include smartphones, iPhones and GPS Device
iPads. It is likely that iPhones, smartphones and iPads are 68%
considered highly effective because they can host many
Handheld Device
different tools, from cameras to schedulers to safety
training videos and instructions. Surprisingly, tablets 66%
other than iPads are selected by a much lower percentage Tablet Other Than iPad
of respondents as having a positive impact on safety, 60%
with an over 20 point differential between those finding
Netbook
iPads to have a positive impact and those finding the
same impact from other tablets. This is most likely due 54%
to broader familiarity and use of the iPad compared with
other tablets. Apple’s dominant share of the current tablet
market may be influencing this result.
Prefabrication and modularization have a positive Firms That Find That Prefabrication/
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
impact on safety, according to half (50%) of the 82% Modularization Has a Positive Impact
of respondents to this survey who report using on Safety
prefabrication/modularization on projects. Only 4% of (by Size of Firm)
the contractors using prefabrication/modularization find Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
that it has a negative impact, a negligible amount.
The findings by type and size of firm described below Positive Impact Highly Positive Impact
strongly suggest that firms with more experience with
Firms With 100 Employees or More
prefabrication and modularization can better capitalize
48% 15% 63%
on the safety benefits of using these building methods.
Firms With Less Than 100 Employees
Variation by Type of Firm 29% 8% 37%
More general contractors (86%) than specialty
contractors (75%) report using prefabrication or
modularization on projects, although that difference
virtually disappears when just examining firms using
prefabrication or modularization on more than 50%
of their projects, which is reported by a little over
20% of general and specialty contractors alike. This
demonstrates that, while overall use of prefabrication
and modularization is higher among general contractors,
there is a tendency for a small but significant percentage
of specialty contractors to work primarily with
prefabricated building elements or modular components.
Fifty-four percent of general contractors using
prefabrication/modularization think that it has a
positive impact on safety, compared to 43% of
specialty contractors.
There are significant differences in the elements of Aspects of the Use of Prefabrication/
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
refabrication and modular for growth, with healthcare, higher this demonstrates that more collab-
Eighteen percent of the firms responding to the survey Firms Providing Specific Safety
SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA
report that they provide their employees with specific Training for Green Technologies,
safety training on green technologies, processes Processes and Products
and products. Since green training is recognized as Source: McGraw Hill Construction, 2013
an emerging area, this figure is intended to provide a
baseline as safety emerges as an important topic in
green building. Provide 18%
There appear to be trends by firm type and size in Green Specific Training
this early data. While the differences are not statistically Do Not Provide
significant, 27% of firms with 100 employees or more Green Specific Training
82%
have delivered this training, compared with 12% of
smaller firms, and 24% of specialty contractors report
delivering this training versus 14% of general contractors.
Since specialty contractors tend to be smaller than
general contractors, this finding suggests that there may
be more specialized green technologies and products in
some specific trades than in general onsite.
The percentage of BIM users (28%) and prefabrication/
modularization users (21%), on the other hand, who
deliver specific green training is significantly higher
than the percentage of those who do not use BIM or
prefabrication/modularization, 10% and 6%, respectively.
Is green building more dangerous with indoor air quality management pollution prevention coordinator.
than traditional construction? is [good] housekeeping: being able [all these roles] could be one person
WRIGHT: it really depends on to simply keep a project cleaner, doing that job if they are cross-
whether or not you are a safe minimize the amount of particulates trained. and the benefit is that they
contractor because if you’re a safe in the air, reduce the number of are looking not only to meet environ-
contractor, you’re most likely going trip hazards, reduce the number of mental mandates, but also ensuring
to build a safe green building. if respiratory issues. that there is a higher level of safety.
you are an unsafe contractor, then [We have also seen simple factors
there’s a high potential that the green make jobsites safer, such as] higher Do you see any differences in
building could be unsafe. percentages of glazing and skylights. the training that needs to be
on the one hand, these can be a delivered to general contractors
Could you elaborate on the role potential hazard if you are working versus specialty trades?
green could play in exaggerating around the roof, but on the other WRIGHT: yes. that said, i think some
the differences between a safe hand, it reduces a bunch of hazards of the best trainings that i’ve been
and unsafe contractor? because you can often eliminate doing are when it is a composite
WRIGHT: for people building new half or more of the temporary light- group of trades. i love to mix it up, so
green building systems, there are a ing [which reduces] the potential for that all the trades—including the gen-
lot of unknowns, and there are situa- electrocution and trip hazards. eral contractor—get to see the over-
tions where new trades will be expe- laps and sharing of information that
riencing new or different conditions. How does green training need to needs to happen.
and so, there is a higher potential be different? the point of [training] a composite
risk. When i said a safe contractor WRIGHT: the most important audi- group is that green building systems
should have no issue with building ence to start with is the safety profes- are a lot more integrated. [in the case
a good green building, it means that sionals...get them to understand why of this integration, some unions]
they’re going through the standard green buildings are being done and haven’t really established who is
process of any new or unique situ- how all these new systems can pro- responsible for the work.... if it is that
ation and doing an activity hazard vide potentially different situations. new to them, and there’ll be multiple
analysis that helps them under- What makes it [focusing training trades that need to work [together] to
stand exactly what those new condi- on safety professionals] more bene- get that end result, then it is better to
tions are and helps them inform all ficial [is] the overlap between roles... instruct a composite group of trades.
the trades interacting with that new when companies have standards the most important piece of
system to prevent any incidents or throughout the company for sustain- training, in my opinion, is...helping
accidents from occurring. ability.... for a company that chooses everyone understand why is [green
to practice company-wide sustain- building] important, why [it] is being
Are there ways in which building ability, it makes sense to combine the done, how does it impact their kids
green can make projects safer? roles and responsibilities of an onsite and future generations because if
WRIGHT: the most direct one is safety coordinator and an indoor air you make it an emotional driver, then
indoor air quality management. quality management coordinator, a they’ll care more about the end result
if you can reduce the known waste recycling management coor- of that system working and be more
carcinogens...you’ve absolutely got dinator, a stormwater management passionate about the work that they
a safer building. also associated coordinator, or a construction activity are doing. n
Mcgraw hill Construction conducted the 2013 Safety Size of Respondents’ Firms by
Safety ManageMent in the ConStruCtion induStry
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The authors wish to thank our corporate sponsors Click Safety and the Center
for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) for helping us bring this infor-
McGraw Hill Construction mation to the market. Specifically, we would like to acknowledge Brian Tonry,
Main Website : construction.com Matt Bower, Hans Helgeson, Ron Bruce and Tracy M. Curl at ClickSafety and
Dodge : construction.com/dodge Pete Stafford and Patricia Quinn at CPWR for their support. Additional thanks
Research & Analytics : to the United Rentals team.
construction.com/dodge/
dodge-market-research.asp We would also like to thank our association partner the National Institute for
GreenSource : greensourcemag.com Building Sciences (NIBS) for their support. Additionally, we thank Charlie Bacon
Architectural Record : archrecord.com at Limbach Facility Services and Yancy Wright at Sellen Sustainability for
Engineering News-Record : enr.com sharing their insights. Finally, we would like to thank all the firms that provided
Sweets : sweets.com information about their experiences with safety management for this report.
SmartMarket Reports :
construction.com/market_research
Premier Partners
ClickSafety : clicksafety.com
CPWR (The Center for Construction
Research and Training) : cpwr.com
United Rentals : unitedrentals.com
ClickSafety
www.clicksafety.com Association Partner
Any logo appearing in this McGraw Hill Construction Safety Smart Market
National Institute of Building Sciences : nibs.org
Report does not constitute an endorsement by, or affiliation with,
ClickSafety.com, Inc. Any trademarks, logos, and service marks (“Marks”) Federal Government Agencies & Programs
appearing in this report are the sole property of the applicable owner and
no use of such Marks is permitted without consent of the owner.
National Institute of Occupational Safety
and Health : acdc.gov/NIOSH
National Institute of Standards and Technology: nist.gov
Occupational Safety and Health Administration : osha.gov
OSHA Data Initiative : data.gov
Other Resources
The American Institute of Architects : aia.org
American Subcontractors Association : asa.org
The Center for Construction Research and Training Associated Builders & Contractors : abc.org
www.cpwr.com Associated General Contractors of America : agc.org
www.elcosh.org
Produced with support from
www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org American Society of Civil Engineers : asce.org
This publication was supported by CPWR through NIOSH cooperative
American Society of Safety Engineers : asse.org
agreement OH009762. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the BIMForum : bimforum.org
authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CPWR or
NIOSH. CPWR does not endorse any of the other funding partners Construction Industry Institute: construction-institute.org
associated with this project. Construction Users Roundtable : curt.org
Construction Safety Council : buildsafe.org
International Code Council : iccsafe.org
Mechanical Contractors Association of America: mcaa.org
Modular Building Institute : modular.org
Modular Home Building Council : modularcouncil.org
National Electrical Contractors Association : neca.org
United Rentals National Systems Contractors Association : nsca.org
www.unitedrentals.com Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning Contractors’
National Association : smacna.org
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