PROJECT BASED LEARNING 2 YEAR 2021

TITLE: HEART DISEASES

GROUP MEMBER: ADAM DANIAL (2)

CHEAH ZHEN BING (8)
DANIEL LEE (10)
LEE KAI HANG （18）
YONG KAI ZHI (39)
Class: 3F
Index
OBJECTIVE
To study the relationship between dietary habits and lifestyle with health of the heart among the
locals

Introduction
Heart is a muscular organ, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as
carbon dioxide to the lungs. Human heart has four chambers, two atria and two ventricles.

The term “heart disease” refers to several types of heart conditions. Ischaemic heart disease
remained the principal cause of death in Malaysia with 16,325 deaths or 15 per cent of total
medically certified deaths.

Unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as a poor diet, lack of exercise, being overweight and smoking, may
also lead to atherosclerosis
The Definition of Heart Disease
• Heart disease refers to any condition affecting the heart. There are many types,
some of which are preventable. Unlike cardiovascular disease, which includes
problems with entire circulatory system, heart disease only affect the heart.
• According to the Centres of Disease Control (CDC), heart disease is the leading
cause of death in the United States. Around 1 in 4 deaths in the U.S. occur due
to heart diseases, and it affects all gender as well as all racial and ethnic groups.
Types of Heart Disease
• Coronary artery disease- also known as coronary heart disease, is the
most common type of heart disease.
• Congenital heart defect- people with a congenital heart defect is born with
a heart problem. There are many types of congenital heart defect, including
abnormal heart valves, septal defects and atresia.
• Arrhythmia- refers to an irregular heartbeat. It occurs when the electrical
impulses that coordinates the heartbeat do not work properly. As a result, the
heart may beat too fast, too slow or eractically. There are various types of
arrhythmia, including tachycardia, bradycardia, premature contractions and atrial
fibrillation.
• Dilated cardiomyopathy- the heart chambers become dilated, meaning
that the heart muscle stretches and become thinner. The most common causes
of dilated cardiomyopathy are prior heart attacks, arrhythmia and toksin.
Types of Heart Disease
• Myocardial infraction- also known as heart attack, myocardial infraction
involves an interruption of the blood flow to the heart. This can damage or
destroy part of the heart muscle.
• Heart failure- the heart is still working but not as well as it should. Congestive
heart failure is a type of heart failure.
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy- This condition usually develops when a
genetic problem affects the heart muscle. It tends to be an inherited condition.
The walls of the muscle thicken, and contractions become harder. This affects the
heart’s ability to take in and pump out blood.
• Mitral valve regurgitation- Occurs when the mitral valve in the heart does
not close tightly enough and allows blood to flow back into the heart. The heart
can become enlarged, and heart failure can result.
Symptom of heart disease
• Angina or chest pain
• Difficultly breathing
• Fatigue and lightheadedness
• Edema
• Heart palpitation
• Stomach pain
• An irregular heartbeat
The causes of Heart Disease
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Smoking
• A high intake of alcohol
• Overweight
• Diabetes
• A family history of heart disease
• Age
• Low activity level
The Treatment of Heart Disease
• Medication-Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet therapies, Beta-blockers, Calcium
channel blockers and Digitalis
• Anticoagulants- also known as blood thinners, these medication can prevent
clots.
• Antiplatelet therapies- These include aspirin, and they can also prevent clot.
• Beta-blockers- atenolol and other medications in this class can reduce the
heart rate and lower blood pressure. The can also treat arrythmias and angina.
• Calcium channel blockers- these can lower blood pressure and prevent
arrythmias by reducing the pumping strength.
• Digitalis- preparations such as digoxin can increase the strength of the heart’s
pumping action. They can also help treat heart failure and arrythmias.
The Treatment of Heart Disease
• Surgery- Valve replacement or repair, repair surgery, device implantation, laser
treatment and maze surgery
• Valve replacement or repair- a surgeon can repair or replace a valve that is not
functioning properly.
• Repair surgery- a surgeon can repair congenital heart defects, aneurysms, and
other problem.
• Device implantation- pacemakers, balloon catheters, and other devices can help
regulate the heartbeat and support blood flow.
• Laser treatment- transmyocardial laser revascularization can help treat angina.
• Maze surgery- a surgeon can create new paths for electrical signals to pass
through. This can help treat atrial fibrillation.
Ways to Prevent Heart Disease
• Eating a balanced diet
• Exercising regularly
• Maintaining a moderately body weight
• Avoid smoking
• Limiting alcohol intake
Conclusion
• Heart disease is a common health problem. There are several
different types of heart disease. Some stem from genetic problem
and not preventable. However, a person can take steps to prevent
heart disease and its complication. These step include a healthy diet,
getting plenty of exercise, and seeking advice when the first
symptoms of heart disease appear.
Source
Website
-www.medicalnewtoday.com

Book
-Form 3 textbook

People
-Teoh Lee Hoon
-Yong Chang Seng
-Lee Kai Yang
Thank You
The End