Historia brazil

"Brazilian Republic" redirects here. For other uses, see Brazil (disambiguation) and Brazilian

Republic (disambiguation).

Coordinates:  10°S 52°W

Federative Republic of Brazil

República Federativa do Brasil  (Portuguese)

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: Ordem e Progresso  (Portuguese)
"Order and Progress"

Anthem: Hino Nacional Brasileiro (Portuguese)

"Brazilian National Anthem"

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Flag anthem: Hino à Bandeira Nacional (Portuguese)[1]
"National Flag Anthem"

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National seal

 Selo Nacional do Brasil

 National Seal of Brazil

Capital Brasília
15°47′S 47°52′W

Largest city São Paulo

23°33′S 46°38′W

Official language Portuguese[2]

and national language

Recognized regional English

languages German
Spanish
Italian
East Pomeranian
6 others

Ethnic groups  47.73% White[nt 1]
(2010)[3][4] 43.13% Mixed[nt 2]
7.61% Black
1.09% East Asian[nt 3]
0.43% Indigenous

Religion  88.8% Christianity
(2010) [5][6]
—64.6% Roman Catholic
 —22.2% Protestant
—2.0% Other Christian
8.0% No religion
2.0% Spiritism
1.2% Other

Demonym(s) Brazilian

Government Federal presidential republic

• President Jair Bolsonaro

• Vice President Hamilton Mourão
• President of the Arthur Lira
Chamber of Deputies
• President of the Rodrigo Pacheco
Federal Senate
• President of the Luiz Fux
Supreme Federal Court

Legislature National Congress

• Upper house Federal Senate

• Lower house Chamber of Deputies

Independence 
from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
• Declared 7 September 1822
• Recognized 29 August 1825
• Republic 15 November 1889
• Current constitution 5 October 1988

Area
• Total 8,515,767 km2 (3,287,956 sq mi)
(5th)
• Water (%) 0.65

Population
• 2019 estimate 210,147,125[7] (6th)
• Density 25/km2 (64.7/sq mi) (200th)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total  $3.328 trillion[8] (8th)

• Per capita  $15,642[8] (84th)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate
 • Total  $1.491 trillion[8] (13th)

• Per capita  $7,010[8] (87th)

Gini (2019)  53.4[9]
high · 10th

HDI (2019)  0.765[10]
high · 84th

Currency Real (R$) (BRL)

Time zone UTC−2 to −5 (BRT)

Date format dd/mm/yyyy (CE)

Mains electricity 220 V, 60 Hz and 127 V, 60 Hz

Driving side right

Calling code +55

ISO 3166 code BR

Internet TLD .br

Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: [bɾaˈziw]),[nt 4] officially the Federative Republic

of Brazil (Portuguese:  República Federativa do Brasil),[11] is the largest country in both South
America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi)[12] and with over
211 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most
populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is
composed of the union of the 26 states and the Federal District. It is the largest country to
have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas;[13][14] it is also one of
the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration
from around the world;[15] as well as the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers
(4,655 mi).[16] It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and
covers 47.3% of the continent's land area.[17] Its Amazon basin includes a vast tropical forest,
home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources
spanning numerous protected habitats.[16] This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one
of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental
degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues
like climate change and biodiversity loss.
Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro
Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained
a Portuguese colony until 1808 when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to
Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of
the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822
with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional
monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the
formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. The country became a
presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. An authoritarian military
junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed.
Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic.
[18]
 Due to its rich culture and history, the country ranks thirteenth in the world by number
of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[19]
Brazil is a regional and middle power,[20][21][22] and an emerging power.[23][24][25][26] Brazil is classified
as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank[27] and a newly industrialized country,
[28]
 with the largest share of global wealth in South America. It is considered an
advanced emerging economy,[29] having the twelfth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and
eighth by PPP measures.[30][31] It is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the
largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.[32] However, the country maintains high
amounts of corruption, crime and social inequality. Brazil is a founding member of the United
Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-
American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.