TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................i

CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1

GENERAL INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................1

1.1Introduction.............................................................................................................................1

1.2Objectives................................................................................................................................1

1.3 Scope......................................................................................................................................1

1.3.1 Contextual Scope................................................................................................................1

1.3.2 Geographical Scope............................................................................................................1

1.4 Methodology..........................................................................................................................2

1.5 Expected output......................................................................................................................2

1.6 Skills developed.....................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................3

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND THE PLANNING PROCESS...........................................3

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................3

2.2 Planning Process....................................................................................................................3

2.3 Nature of Problem..................................................................................................................4

2.4 Causes of Problem.................................................................................................................4

2.5 Effect of the Problem.............................................................................................................4

2.6.1 Problem tree analysis..........................................................................................................5

2.7 Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges Analysis...........................................6

2.7.1 Potential..............................................................................................................................6

2.7.2 Opportunities.......................................................................................................................6

2.7.3 Constraints..........................................................................................................................6

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 2.7.4 Challenges...........................................................................................................................6

2.8 Goal of the Project.................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER THREE.........................................................................................................................7

IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK...........................................................................................7

3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................7

3.2 Alternative Course of Action.................................................................................................7

3.3 Appraisal Matrix....................................................................................................................7

3.4 Types of Bin...........................................................................................................................8

3.5 Institutional Framework.........................................................................................................9

3.6 Stakeholder Analysis............................................................................................................10

3.7 Source of Fund.....................................................................................................................10

3.8 Cost Analysis.......................................................................................................................11

3.9 Role Casting for Institutions................................................................................................11

3.10 Activity Time Matrix.........................................................................................................13

CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................14

MONITORING, EVALUAATION AND CONCLUSION..........................................................14

4.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................14

4.2 Monitoring...........................................................................................................................14

4.3 Evaluation............................................................................................................................14

4.4 Recommendation.................................................................................................................14

4.5 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................15

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1 Parameters and Assigned Weights....................................................................................

Table 3.2 Variables of Scale..............................................................................................................
Table 3.3 Likert scale........................................................................................................................
Table 3.4 Sources of funds................................................................................................................
Table 3.5 Cost Analysis.....................................................................................................................
Table 3.6 Role Casting......................................................................................................................
Table 3.7Activity Time Matrix..........................................................................................................

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 2.1...........................................................................................................................................
Figure 2.1 Problem tree.....................................................................................................................

Figure 3.2: Institutional Chart............................................................................................................

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 LIT OF PLATE
Plate 2.1 lack/ Inadequate health facilities .....................................................................................4

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 CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1Introduction
After the fourth assignment “problem analysis” which enabled students to analyze the
development problems identified at Kotei by stating the potentials and opportunities that can
help solve the problems, it was therefore incumbent to prepare action plans to resolve these
identified problems. The assignment details specifics on how to address the problem, who will be
involved in the plan, the inputs required and the cost structure of the project.

1.2Objectives
The objectives of the assignment are to:

· Enable us acquire the critical assessment of problems and approaches to resolving them;
· Introduce us to rudimentary methods of project planning;
· Enable us acquire the basic knowledge of the resources (human, financial and material)
required for plan implementation; and
· Assist us to plan realistically taking into consideration the socio-economic, cultural and
technological contexts.

1.3 Scope

The extent of the area or subject matter that is relevant. The scope for the assignment is detailed
in contextual and geographical forms below.

1.3.1 Contextual Scope

The assignment in context is the preparation of action plans to resolve the developmental
problems identified at Kotei.

1.3.2 Geographical Scope

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The community under study is the northern part of Kotei, located in the Oforikrom municipality
in the Ashanti region of Ghana.

1.4 Methodology

Methodology is a collection of methods, practices and procedures used by researchers in some

particular fields. The methods employed to meet the demands of the ‘Action Plan’ assignment is
detailed below. After the assignment was introduced, A visit was scheduled to the study area
And researches was conducted into the construction of hospitals and all the findings were
documented in a report book and the summary of points of the plan was presented of bond
sheets.

1.5 Expected output

At the end of the assignment, the following are the outputs expected

· A report, on individual basis, detailing the process used and main outputs of the plan
and;
· A summary of the main points of the plan in power point for presentation.

1.6 Skills developed

Students are expected to develop the following skills after the completion of this assignment

· Identification and analysis of development problems.

· Project planning skills.

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 CHAPTER TWO

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND THE PLANNING PROCESS

2.1 Introduction

In order to help Kotei attain health facilities, there is the need to follow lay down procedures .
This chapter looks at the cause of the problem, nature of the problem and the effect of the
problem on the community. The chapter also explains the reason for an action plan.

2.2 Planning Process

Figure 2.1

Problems identification

Data collection and

Re-planning
analysis

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 Monitoring and Identification of
evaluation alternative scenarios

Implementation of the Testing and choice of

selected course of best alternative
action scenario

Source: Conyers and Hills 1984

2.3 Nature of Problem

The action plan is to help Kotei Dedeako attain health facilities by providing adequate refuse
containers to the inhabitants of Kotei. Some of the problems identified under this section is that
the people lack Health facilities like hospitals and clinics as well as dust bins to keep the
environment healthy. his tends to cause pollution in the areas and. It is an eye-sore during windy
period. When the winds blow over the refuse it tends to litter the entire vicinity. Moreover it
tends to serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes which has resulted in high rate of malaria in
the area.

Plate 2.1 Indiscriminate Solid Waste Disposal

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 Source; Authors construct 2019

2.4 Causes of Problem

lack of health education. This has made people throw solid waste anyhow. Ineffective legislation
on the part of authorities is a factor considered here. Other minor causes maybe, irregular
collection of refuse.

2.5 Effect of the Problem

Iask of health of health facilities such as dust bins to keep the environment clean may cause
indiscriminate disposal of solid waste which may lead to uncollected waste which ends up in
drains, flooding of the residential and unsanitary conditions. Indiscriminate solid waste also
leads to soil and water pollution from pathogenic and chemical elements from the large ones.
People in the community are exposed to health risks.

2.6.1 Problem tree analysis

This is the graphical representation of the problem, the cause of the problem and the effect of the
problem in Kotei.

Figure 2.1 Problem tree.

Ignorance of the people Ineffective legislation

about solid waste disposal 5
 Indiscriminate Solid
Waste Disposal

Outbreak of Soil
Flooding
diseases, Pollution

Source: Author’s construct, 2019

From figure 1.1, it is observed that indiscriminate solid waste disposal is caused by ignorance of
the people on indiscriminate solid waste and ineffective legislation. This leads to outbreak of
diseases, soil pollution, also flooding.

2.7 Potentials, Opportunities, Constraints and Challenges Analysis

2.7.1 Potential

There are factors available in Kotei to be used to enhance the performance of the project and in
solving the problem at hand. The following are some of the factors available.

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 · Participation of members of the community willing in the implementation of plan.
· Fair level of literacy of members of the community ensures maximum participation.

2.7.2 Opportunities

These are the internal abilities that may be developed to lead to future success. The following are
opportunities influencing this project.

· Availability of personal from institution such as the department of planning and the
district assembly to evaluate and monitor the implementation of the project.
· Availability of labor force from the community since the community is having a youthful
population.

2.7.3 Constraints

These are hindrance to the progress and success in the implementation of the project. These
include:

· Inadequate funds to support the project

2.7.4 Challenges

The project is being face with several challenges and among these challenges are mobilization of
funds from the municipal assembly common fund. This distorts the time schedule of the project.

2.8 Goal of the Project

Goals are stated targets a plan or a project is intended to achieve. Planning is aimed at achieving
goals and certain goals are spelt out for an effective planning. The goal for this project is to help
Kotei Dedeako attain health facilities.

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 CHAPTER THREE

IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK

3.1 Introduction

Implementation framework elaborates the best way to implement effectively recordkeeping

system in a project. That is after all research made and data collected on lack of health facilities,
implementation framework aid with necessary step needed to implement the project.

3.2 Alternative Course of Action

A particular problem has several alternative ways to be solved to yield the same result. In view
of this, other alternatives need to be considered in order to select the best solution. At this stage
of planning, the planner makes use of varieties approaches and technique, such as professional
judgment, resources, sustainability and the costs, for selecting the best alternative. In view of this
idea, the alternative courses for solving indiscriminate solid waste disposal are;

a) Provision of health equipment such as dust bins .

b) Encouraging health education .

3.3 Appraisal Matrix

In order to make the best choice from available alternatives, a Likert scale is constructed. This is
used to determine the best alternative to be used. The Likert scale below is used to access the
available alternative to solve the lack of health facilities in Kotei.

Table 3.1 Parameters and Assigned Weights

Affordability 4
Sustainability 3
Acceptability 2

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Source; Author’s construct. 2020

Table 3.3 Likert scale

Parameters Affordability Sustainability Acceptability Total Rank
Weight
4 3 2
Alt
Provision of 8 12 10
bins 30 1st
2 4 5
House to 8 9 4
house 21 2nd
collection 2 3 2

Source; Author’s own construct

Form the likert scale, the best alternative to solve the problem of indiscriminate solid waste
disposal is the provision of bins due to its sustainability, environmental impact, affordability and
most important of all it is accepted by the members of Kotei.

3.4 Types of Bin

From the likert scale, the first alternative is the distribution of bins and the figure below shows
the various types of bins;

Fig 3.1 Various types of bin

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120 litter wheeled bin 660 litter four wheeled
bin

3.5 Institutional Framework

This is an organogram shows the involvement of various organization in the planning and
implementation of the project. It is also the structure representative of institution involve in the
implementation of the project. These institutions play an important role such as mobilization of
funds, education and monitoring and evaluation. The figure below shows the institutions involve
in this project.

Figure 3.2: Institutional Chart

District
Assembly

Traditional
NNCCE EPA
Authority
10
 Community

Source; Author’s Construct, 2019

3.6 Stakeholder Analysis

A stakeholder is a person or company that is involved in particular organization project or a

system especially because they have invested money in it, or they have vested interest and are
beneficiaries. These were identified stake holder for the project.

· District Assembly
· Environmental Protection Agency
· National Commission of Civic Education
· Traditional Authority
· Project Team

3.7 Source of Fund

Financing of the project is a matter of great importance as the implementation to some extent
depends on the funding. Funds should be enough and flowing to realize the full implementation

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of a plan or project. The table below shows the source of funds for the full implementation of
this project.

Table 3.4 Sources of funds

Institution Percentage (%)
District Assembly 60
Traditional Authority 30
Community 10
Total 100

Source: Author’s construct, 2019.

From the table 60% of funds needed to finance the project are expected from the district
Assembly, 30% from the Traditional authority, and 10% form the community.

3.8 Cost Analysis

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This shows the amount of money needed to fund the project. It includes cost of materials. The
table below shows the detailed cost analysis of the project.

Table 3.5 Cost Analysis

Items of Expenditure Amount
Bins (15) GH¢2,850
Labor GH¢400
Total Cost GH¢3,250

Source; Author’s construct,2019

3.9 Role Casting for Institutions

To avoid the coincidence of roles as stakeholders perform their functions in the process of
implementation, there is the need to state and clearly define who or which institution is to play a
specific function. This is to prevent any overlapping in the execution of duties.

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Table 3.6 Role Casting

Activity Formation Educational Mobilization Distribution Monitoring Maintenance

of project Forum of Funds of Bins and of Project
Institutions
team Evaluation

Department
of Planning

District
Assembly

Traditional
Authorities

Contractors

Community

Project
Team

Source; Author’s construct 2020

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3.10 Activity Time Matrix

The activity time matrix brings out the time frame within which a project is to be undertaken.
The allotted time (one year) is broken down into operational periods and shows clearly the time
range each activity is expected to take. The table on the next page shows the apportioning of the
time frame of the project for various activities for an effective implementation of the project

Table 3.7Activity Time Matrix

TIME JAN FEB MA APR MAY JUN JUL AU SE OCT NO DEC
R G P V
ACTIVITY
10-Member
committee
Fundraisin
g
Bringing
bin
Education
Monitoring
and
evaluation

Source; Author’s construct, 2019

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From figure 3.5, the activities to be done within the time fame is marked. The implementation of
the project is proposed to commence at January by formation of a project team and end with
evaluation and maintenance of the project.

CHAPTER FOUR

MONITORING, EVALUAATION AND CONCLUSION

4.1 Introduction

To enhance the effective implementation of the project directed to solve the lack of health
facilities, monitoring and evaluation is a prerequisite activity that should be undertaken. More
lights are being thrown on the monitory and the evaluation process of the project.

4.2 Monitoring

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Monitoring is an activity of measuring the progress of a plan or a project. This is where a
periodic surveillance is done at every stage of the implementation process to ensure an effective
and efficient work done as planned. Monitory is done by all institution involve in the
implementation of the project in order to prevent the diversion of implementation. At every stage
of the project, monitoring is important to keep the implantation on track.

4.3 Evaluation

Evaluation is an important activity carried out after implementation to access the impact of a
plan or a project. This is done in order to check whether the aim of a plan or a project is
achieved. Evaluation can be done during the development or early stage of implementation, just
after the implementation and a long period after implementation.

4.4 Recommendation
For successful implementation of the project, certain conditions or factors must be put in place.
These conditions include;

· All stakeholders are expected to effectively and efficiently play all their roles for the
successful implementation of the project.
· Funding Agencies are expected to help buy bins.
· The people are also recommended to actively participate in the construction and funding
of the project.

4.5 Conclusion

The thrust of planning as a profession and a discipline is to identify and solve or find mechanism
for dealing with development problems to bring about harmony, development and also raise the
living standards of the people. The assignment “Action Plan” is one of those ways of realizing
this goal. The above project, if adhered to will help improve the solid waste disposal at Kotei.

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