BUILDING SERVICES

DONE BY:
DOLLY
JOELLIN
NASMIN
RACHANA
 SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY

COMMON SOURCES OF WATER:

1. RAIN
WATER
RAIN WATER

FROM ROOFS OF HOUSES AND DWELLINGS

FROM PREPARED CATCHMENTS

FROM ROOFS OF HOUSES AND DWELLINGS
FROM PREPARED CATCHMENTS
2. SURFACE
WATER

A) CONTINUOUS DRAFT FROM STREAMS OR LAKES

B) FROM RIVER DIVERSION WORKS
C) WATER FROM RESERVOIR STORAGE
 3.GROUND
WATER
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and
in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is
called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at
which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated
with water is called the water table. Groundwater is recharged from the surface; it
may discharge from the surface naturally at springs and seeps, and can
form oases or wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn
for agricultural, municipal, and industrial use by constructing and operating
extraction wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater
is hydrogeology, also called groundwater hydrology.
a) WATER FROM SPRINGS
b) FROM WELLS AND BOREWELLS
 c) FROM INFILTRATION GALLERIES , BASINS OR TRENCH

An infiltration gallery is a horizontal drain made from open jointed or

perforated pipes, or a block drain, which is laid below the water table and
collects groundwater. Infiltration galleries need soils that are
permeable to allow suffi- cient water to be collected.
 d) FROM RADIAL COLLECTOR WELL

Most water wells are constructed in a vertical direction. Such a vertical well is partially or fully
penetrating the aquifer thickness. The only advantages of vertical wells over horizontal wells are
lower production costs and shorter construction time. On the other hand, horizontal wells have
a lot of very important advantages – and on the long term, they are more economical.
4. WATER OBTAINED
BY RECLAMATION
 a) DESALINATION

Water desalination processes separate dissolved salts and other minerals from
water. Feedwater sources may include brackish, seawater, wells, surface (rivers and
streams), wastewater, and industrial feed and process waters.
 b) RE-USE OF TREATED WASTE WATER

Reclaimed or recycled water (also called wastewater reuse or water reclamation) is

the process of converting wastewater into water that can be reused for other
purposes. Reuse may include irrigation of gardens and agricultural fields or
replenishing surface water and groundwater (i.e., groundwater recharge).
 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Water supply system, infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment,
storage, and distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry,
and irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting and street flushing. Of
all municipal services, provision of potable water is perhaps the most vital.
•Source water – the lakes, rivers and underground aquifers that are the source of
our water supply, fed by rain and melting snow.

•Water treatment – the processes to filter and purify water so that it is safe for
human use.

•Water distribution systems – the pipes and pumps that deliver clean water to our
taps. In BC there are more than 32,000 km of underground water pipes – that is
enough pipe to circle 80% of the way around the earth!

•Wastewater collection systems – the pipes and pumps that take away used water
from our toilets, drains, bathtubs, and laundry. These are also called sewers. In
BC, there are over 26,000 km of municipal sewer pipes underground – that is
enough pipe to circle two-thirds of the way around the earth!

•Wastewater treatment – the processes to remove contaminants from our used

water so that it can be safely returned to the environment. This is also called
sewage treatment.

•Stormwater systems – the pipes, ditches and natural systems that channel our
rain water and snow melt away from our homes and businesses and back to the
natural environment. In BC there are over 20,000 km of stormwater pipes
underground – that is enough pipe to circle half way around the earth!