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CPRI Compression (5G RAN6.1 - Draft A)
CPRI Compression (5G RAN6.1 - Draft A)
CPRI Compression (5G RAN6.1 - Draft A)
Issue Draft A
Date 2021-12-30
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Contents
1 Change History.........................................................................................................................1
1.1 5G RAN6.1 Draft A (2021-12-30)...................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Overview....................................................................................................................................6
4 CPRI Compression (Macro)....................................................................................................7
4.1 Principles.................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1.1 CPRI Compression Process................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.1.2 CPRI Compression Ratio Selection................................................................................................................................. 8
4.1.2.1 CPRI Payload Bandwidth over a CPRI Port............................................................................................................ 12
4.1.2.2 I/Q Data Bandwidth Required When CPRI Compression Is Disabled...........................................................13
4.1.2.3 I/Q Data Bandwidth Required When CPRI Compression Is Enabled............................................................ 13
4.1.2.4 CPRI Compression Ratio Determination.................................................................................................................14
4.2 Network Analysis.................................................................................................................................................................. 15
4.2.1 Benefits................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
4.2.2 Impacts.................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
4.3 Requirements......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3.1 Licenses................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
4.3.2 Software................................................................................................................................................................................17
4.3.3 Hardware.............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
4.3.4 Others.................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4 Operation and Maintenance............................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4.1 Data Configuration........................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4.1.1 Data Preparation............................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.4.1.2 Using MML Commands............................................................................................................................................... 19
4.4.1.3 Using the MAE-Deployment...................................................................................................................................... 19
4.4.2 Activation Verification..................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.4.3 Network Monitoring......................................................................................................................................................... 19
6 Parameters.............................................................................................................................. 34
7 Counters.................................................................................................................................. 35
8 Glossary................................................................................................................................... 36
9 Reference Documents...........................................................................................................37
1 Change History
Technical Changes
Change Parameter Change RAT Base Station Model
Description
Editorial Changes
Revised descriptions in this document.
This document only provides guidance for feature activation. Feature deployment and
feature gains depend on the specifics of the network scenario where the feature is
deployed. To achieve optimal gains, contact Huawei professional service engineers.
Software Interfaces
Any parameters, alarms, counters, or managed objects (MOs) described in Feature
Parameter Description documents apply only to the corresponding software
release. For future software releases, refer to the corresponding updated product
documentation.
NOTE
NR FDD only involves low frequency bands, and therefore this section describes only the
differences between NR FDD and low-frequency NR TDD. It does not involve high frequency
band scenarios.
frequency bands. For details about FR1 and FR2, see section 5.1 "General" in 3GPP
TS 38.104 V15.5.0.
3 Overview
The Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) protocol was established by the CPRI
Cooperation. CPRI applies to the interface between a baseband unit (BBU) and a
remote radio unit (RRU) or active antenna unit (AAU) in a macro base station,
between a BBU and an RRU HUB (RHUB) in a LampSite base station, or between
an RHUB and a pico remote radio unit (pRRU) in a LampSite base station. After
the CPRI ports are connected, a path between them is established to transmit
control-plane and user-plane data. User-plane data is in-phase/quadrature (I/Q)
data and consumes a large number of CPRI bandwidth resources in each cell.
Macro gNodeBs require far more CPRI bandwidth resources than GSM, UMTS, or
LTE base stations due to their usage of massive MIMO and high bandwidth. An
RRU/AAU may require multiple pairs of optical modules and fibers.
A number of factors influence the consumption of CPRI bandwidth resources,
including the I/Q data sampling rate, the data bit width, and the number of
antennas. By introducing CPRI Compression, more support is available to the
carriers or RRUs/AAUs/RHUBs/pRRUs on a CPRI port. This feature compresses the
I/Q data bit width and lowers the sampling rate to reduce the CPRI bandwidth
resources consumed by the user-plane data, reducing the overall quantity and
expenses of optical modules and fibers.
In CPRI, the compression ratio refers to the ratio of consumed bandwidth
resources when compression is disabled and enabled. Different CPRI compression
ratios are supported to accommodate various scenarios.
4.1 Principles
● In the downlink
– A BBU uses the CPRI compression algorithm to compress downlink I/Q
data (user-plane data between a BBU and an RRU/AAU). The BBU
transforms the data into CPRI frames and transmits these frames to the
RRU/AAU through a downlink optical fiber or an Ethernet cable.
– When the RRU/AAU receives these frames, the RRU/AAU transforms
them into compressed I/Q data, decompresses the data, and then
transmits the decompressed I/Q data to the downlink IF/RF module. IF is
short for intermediate frequency and RF is short for radio frequency.
● In the uplink
– An RRU/AAU uses the CPRI compression algorithm to compress uplink
I/Q data from the IF/RF module, transforms the data into CPRI frames,
and transmits these frames to a BBU through an uplink optical fiber or an
Ethernet cable.
– When the BBU receives these frames, it performs CPRI deframing and
decompression.
NOTE
CPRI compression (macro) applies only to scenarios where a CPRI interface is used between
a BBU and an AAU/RRU. It does not apply to the CPRI interface using the eCPRI protocol.
For details about the CPRI interface using the eCPRI protocol, see eCPRI.
Note 1: In this table, "N/A" indicates that the 1T1R I/Q data bandwidth with a compression ratio
is not applicable for a certain bandwidth.
Note 2: The preceding cell bandwidths are standard bandwidths. If an NR FDD cell uses a
compact bandwidth, the 1T1R I/Q data bandwidth required when CPRI compression is enabled is
the same as that required by the corresponding standard bandwidth. For details about NR FDD
compact bandwidths, see Scalable Bandwidth.
Note 1: For cells of the same type configured on one UBBPfw or high-frequency cells configured
on one UBBPg, the CPRI compression ratio must be the same.
Note 2: When a cell with a downlink bandwidth of 20 MHz is set up in the n66 frequency band,
the gNodeB automatically selects an appropriate uplink compression ratio based on the uplink
bandwidth and downlink compression ratio (specified by the NRDUCellTrp MO):
● If the uplink bandwidth is 10 MHz and 2:1 CPRI compression is configured in the downlink,
1.5:1 CPRI compression will be automatically selected for the uplink.
● If the uplink bandwidth is 20 MHz and 2:1 CPRI compression is configured in the downlink, 2:1
CPRI compression will be automatically selected for the uplink.
● If no compression is configured in the downlink, no compression will be automatically selected
for the uplink, irrespective of whether the uplink bandwidth is 10 MHz or 20 MHz.
Note 3: In the current version, only the AAU5726 and AAU5726e support 2.2:1 compression.
NOTE
The compression ratio supported by an RF module can be queried in Table 4-2 based on its
TX/RX mode and the cell bandwidth configuration. For example:
The TX/RX mode of the RRU5901 working in NR FDD mode is 4T4R. For a 15 MHz NR FDD
cell, the supported compression ratio in Table 4-2 is 2:1 CPRI Compression or No CPRI
Compression.
The TX/RX mode of the RRU5258 working in NR TDD mode is 8T8R. For a 40 MHz cell
working in low frequency bands in NR TDD mode, the supported compression ratio in Table
4-2 is 2:1 CPRI Compression or 3.2:1 CPRI Compression.
The system calculates and compares the following bandwidths before determining
whether to enable CPRI compression:
● 4.1.2.1 CPRI Payload Bandwidth over a CPRI Port
● 4.1.2.2 I/Q Data Bandwidth Required When CPRI Compression Is Disabled
● 4.1.2.3 I/Q Data Bandwidth Required When CPRI Compression Is Enabled
● 4.1.2.4 CPRI Compression Ratio Determination
Table 4-3 Control data overhead, coding efficiency, and calculated CPRI payload
bandwidth corresponding to different CPRI bandwidths
NOTE
24.33024 Gbit/s is a CPRI line rate defined in CPRI specifications. If a 25 Gbit/s SFP optical
module is used, the CPRI port supports a maximum of 24.33024 Gbit/s bandwidth. If a 100
Gbit/s QSFP optical module is used, the CPRI port supports a maximum of 4 x 24.33024
Gbit/s.
Specifically,
4.2.1 Benefits
When CPRI bandwidth is insufficient, CPRI compression is applied to provide the
following benefits (using 3.2:1 CPRI compression of an RRU as an example):
● Increases the RRU carrier specifications, as shown in Figure 4-3.
● Reduces the number of CPRI optical fibers and subsequent costs, as shown in
Figure 4-4.
4.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
CPRI compression impacts network performance in the following ways:
● In the uplink, the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) decreases
slightly when interference is strong.
● In the downlink, CPRI compression has minimal impact on the error vector
magnitude (EVM) of the base station. Similarly, it has little impact on the
SINR.
Function Impacts
None
4.3 Requirements
4.3.1 Licenses
None
4.3.2 Software
Prerequisite Functions
None
4.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models
3900 and 5900 series base stations. 3900 series base stations must be configured
with the BBU3910.
Boards
All NR-capable baseband processing units support this function. To learn which
baseband processing units are NR-capable, see the related BBU technical
specifications in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.
RF Modules
All NR-capable RRUs support this function, while only NR-capable AAUs that
comply with the CPRI protocol support this function. For details about such AAUs/
RRUs, see technical specifications of the related AAUs/RRUs in 3900 & 5900 Series
Base Station Product Documentation.
NOTE
● For an RF module that has a Description field value containing WUYI in the DSP
BRDMFRINFO command output, and on which an NR cell with 3.2:1 CPRI compression
is configured:
● LTE cells with CPRI compression enabled cannot be configured on this RF module.
● NR cells with other compression ratios cannot be configured on this RF module.
● The compression ratios supported by different RF modules can be queried in Table 4-2
based on the TX/RX mode and the cell bandwidth configuration.
4.3.4 Others
None
NOTICE
● The CPRI compression ratio is not allowed to be modified when a cell is active.
The cell must be deactivated before changing the CPRI compression ratio.
● In high-frequency scenarios, cells over a CPRI link must use the same CPRI
compression ratio. Mixed configuration is not supported.
● If an RF module does not support the CPRI compression ratio that has been
configured, cells cannot be set up. For details about the CPRI compression
ratios supported by RF modules, see Table 4-2.
Step 1 Run the LST NRDUCELLTRP command to verify that the value of CPRI
Compression is 3.2:1 Compression.
Step 2 Run the DSP NRCELL command to verify that the value of Cell Latest State
Change Reason is NR Cell Setup Success.
----End
5.1 Principles
Figure 5-1 CPRI compression processes for the LampSite Pro, LampSite Sharing,
and LampSite Grid
● In the downlink
– Main chain: A BBU uses the CPRI compression algorithm to compress
downlink I/Q data. The BBU then transforms the data into CPRI frames
and transmits these frames to an RHUB through a downlink optical fiber.
– Branch chain: An RHUB compresses the received CPRI frames and then
sends them to a pRRU over a downlink Ethernet cable or optical fiber.
When the pRRU receives the CPRI frames, it then performs CPRI
deframing and decompression, and then transmits the decompressed I/Q
data to the IF/RF module.
● In the uplink
– Branch chain: A pRRU uses the CPRI compression algorithm to compress
the I/Q data received from the IF/RF module, transforms the data into
CPRI frames, and transmits these frames to an RHUB through an uplink
Ethernet cable or optical fiber.
– Main chain: An RHUB compresses the received CPRI frames and then
sends them to a BBU over an uplink optical fiber. When the BBU receives
the CPRI frames, it then performs CPRI deframing and decompression.
NOTE
For more details about the LampSite Pro, LampSite Sharing, and LampSite Grid solutions,
see LampSite in 3900 & 5900 Series Base Station Product Documentation.
Table 5-1 1T1R I/Q data bandwidth over the main chain
RAT Cell BW No CPRI 1.5:1 CPRI 2:1 CPRI 2.5:1 CPRI 3.2:1 CPRI
Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression
RAT Cell BW No CPRI 1.5:1 CPRI 2:1 CPRI 2.5:1 CPRI 3.2:1 CPRI
Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression
Note: In this table, "N/A" indicates that the 1T1R I/Q data bandwidth with a compression ratio is
not applicable for a certain bandwidth.
Table 5-2 1T1R I/Q data bandwidth over the branch chain
RAT Cell BW 2:1 CPRI 2.5:1 CPRI 3:1 CPRI 3.2:1 CPRI 4:1 CPRI
Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression
RAT Cell BW 2:1 CPRI 2.5:1 CPRI 3:1 CPRI 3.2:1 CPRI 4:1 CPRI
Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression
Note: In this table, "N/A" indicates that the 1T1R I/Q data bandwidth with a compression ratio is
not applicable for a certain bandwidth.
RAT Cell TX/R No CPRI 1.5:1 2:1 2.5:1 3:1 3.2:1 4:1
BW X Compres CPRI CPRI CPRI CPRI CPRI CPRI
Mode sion Compre Compre Compre Compre Compre Compre
ssion ssion ssion ssion ssion ssion
Note 1: In the table, "Support" or "No support" indicates that both the main and branch chains
support CPRI compression or neither of them supports CPRI compression.
Note 2: For cells of the same type configured on one UBBPfw, the CPRI compression ratio must be
the same.
NOTE
The compression ratio supported by an RF module can be queried in Table 5-3 based on its
TX/RX mode and the cell bandwidth configuration.
The system calculates and compares the following bandwidths before determining
the CPRI compression ratio for main and branch chains:
● 5.1.2.1 CPRI Payload Bandwidth over a CPRI Port
● 5.1.2.2 I/Q Data Bandwidth Required When CPRI Compression Is Disabled
● 5.1.2.3 I/Q Data Bandwidth Required When CPRI Compression Is Enabled
● 5.1.2.4 CPRI Compression Ratio Selection
If the CPRI bandwidth of the branch chain is 1.2288 Gbit/s, then: CPRI payload
bandwidth = 1.2288 x (1 – 1/16) x 8/10 = 0.9216 Gbit/s. Table 5-4 lists the control
data overhead, coding efficiency, and calculated CPRI payload bandwidth
corresponding to different CPRI bandwidths.
Table 5-4 Control data overhead, coding efficiency, and calculated CPRI payload
bandwidth corresponding to different CPRI bandwidths
Specifically,
Specifically,
Figure 5-2 CPRI compression ratio selection for an NR TDD base station
For NR FDD main and branch chains, the compression ratio supported by a cell
can be queried in Table 5-3 based on the cell bandwidth. The compression ratios
used by main and branch chains may be different and can be selected according
to the procedures in Figure 5-3 and Figure 5-4.
Figure 5-3 CPRI compression ratio selection for the NR FDD main chain
Figure 5-4 CPRI compression ratio selection for the NR FDD branch chain
5.2.1 Benefits
When the CPRI bandwidth is insufficient, CPRI compression is applied to provide
the following benefits (using 3.2:1 CPRI compression as an example):
● Increases the pRRU carrier specifications, as shown in Figure 5-5.
5.2.2 Impacts
Network Impacts
CPRI compression impacts network performance in the following ways:
● In the uplink, the SINR decreases slightly when interference is strong.
● In the downlink, there is little impact on the EVM of the base station and on
the SINR.
When pRRU59xx series RF modules are used, and 3:1/4:1 CPRI compression is used
over branch chains:
● In a 20 MHz NR FDD cell, the number of uplink/downlink RBs is reduced from
106 (as defined in 3GPP specifications) to 100, with three RBs punctured at
each end.
● In a 20 MHz NR FDD cell, some UEs that support the n1 frequency band but
do not support punctured RBs may fail to access the cell after RB puncturing.
When pRRU39xx series RF modules are used:
● In a 10 MHz NR FDD cell, the number of uplink/downlink RBs is reduced from
52 (as defined in 3GPP specifications) to 50, with one RB punctured at each
end.
● In a 15 MHz NR FDD cell, the number of uplink/downlink RBs is reduced from
79 (as defined in 3GPP specifications) to 75, with two RBs punctured at each
end.
● In a 20 MHz NR FDD cell, the number of uplink/downlink RBs is reduced from
106 (as defined in 3GPP specifications) to 100, with three RBs punctured at
each end.
● In a 10 MHz/15 MHz/20 MHz NR FDD cell, some UEs that support the n1
frequency band but do not support punctured RBs may fail to access the cell
after RB puncturing.
Function Impacts
None
5.3 Requirements
5.3.1 Licenses
None
5.3.2 Software
Prerequisite Functions
None
5.3.3 Hardware
Base Station Models
DBS3900 LampSite and DBS5900 LampSite. DBS3900 LampSite must be
configured with the BBU3910.
Boards
All NR TDD-capable baseband processing units support this function. All NR FDD-
capable UBBPg boards support this function. To learn such baseband processing
units, see the related BBU technical specifications in 3900 & 5900 Series Base
Station Product Documentation.
RF Modules
All NR-capable pRRUs support this function. For details about the pRRUs
supporting LampSite Pro, LampSite Sharing, and LampSite Grid, see sections
"Configuration Principles" in "LampSite Solution Description" of 3900 & 5900
Series Base Station Product Documentation.
5.3.4 Others
None
NOTICE
The CPRI compression ratio is not allowed to be modified when a cell is active.
The cell must be deactivated before changing the CPRI compression ratio.
Step 1 Run the LST NRDUCELLTRP command to verify that the value of CPRI
Compression is 3.2:1 Compression.
Step 2 Run the DSP NRCELL command to verify that the value of Cell Latest State
Change Reason is NR Cell Setup Success.
----End
● Perform the following steps to check whether CPRI compression has been
activated and taken effect on the branch chain:
Step 1 Run the LST NRDUCELLTRP command to verify that the value of Branch CPRI
Compression is 3.2:1 Compression.
Step 2 Run the DSP NRCELL command to verify that the value of Cell Latest State
Change Reason is NR Cell Setup Success.
----End
6 Parameters
The following hyperlinked EXCEL files of parameter reference match the software
version with which this document is released.
● Node Parameter Reference: contains device and transport parameters.
● gNodeBFunction Parameter Reference: contains all parameters related to
radio access functions, including air interface management, access control,
mobility control, and radio resource management.
NOTE
You can find the EXCEL files of parameter reference for the software version used on the
live network from the product documentation delivered with that version.
----End
7 Counters
The following hyperlinked EXCEL files of performance counter reference match the
software version with which this document is released.
● Node Performance Counter Summary: contains device and transport counters.
● gNodeBFunction Performance Counter Summary: contains all counters related
to radio access functions, including air interface management, access control,
mobility control, and radio resource management.
NOTE
You can find the EXCEL files of performance counter reference for the software version used
on the live network from the product documentation delivered with that version.
----End
8 Glossary
9 Reference Documents