‘Academic Reading In the course of an average lifetime, a person will spend around 70,000 hours or 25 years asleep. Virtually all mammals, reptiles, amphibians and even fish can be said to sleep in one form or another. Yet there is much that is still not understood about the state in which we spend up toa third of our lives. ‘The question of why we sleep has not been completely answered, and there are differing jons on the subject. Some scientists have suggested that sleep performs no biological function, and has little purpose beyond being a convenient state in which to spend the hours of darkness. A greater number of scientists, however, believe that sleep has two biological functions. The first is to facilitate various restoration and repair processes within the body. This is believed to ‘occur during a type of sleep known as NREM sleep (non-rapid-eye-movement). The second function is to play a role in complex brain processes such as focusing attention and socialising. This is thought to occur during the other type of sleep: REM sleep (rapid-eye-movement). As the name suggests, in this type of sleep the eye moves rapidly, and i during these periods that dreams occur. ‘The amount of sleep required varies with age, and from person to person. In general, babies sleep up to 18 hours a day, while young adults Answer all your partn« Then reverse roles. ‘1 What is the name for the treatment of sleep disorders? sleep for 6 to 9 hours day. As people age, they tend to need slightly less sleep. At least half of babies’ sleep is REM sleep, but this proportion declines to around a quarter in adults. A typical night's sleep consists of cycles of 90 minutes or 0, with the final 5 to 30 minutes being REM sleep and the rest being NREM sleep. Whether they remember them or not, itis probable that all humans have dreams during REM sleep. Research has showed that dreams are more concerned with perceptions (things that are seen, heard etc.) than with thoughts. Almost all, dreams include visual experience. Approximately half contain auditory experience, and only a small proportion feature touch, taste and smell. Emotion is a common feature, and when emotions are present, they tend to be in their more extreme forms, External stimuli (such as cold or somebody knocking on a bedroom door) can be incorporated into dreams. Random and chaotic though they often seem, dreams are not without meaning: they express the desires, fears and concerns of the dreamer. There are various schools of psychoanalysis, with differing approaches, but it is widely accepted that there is a division between conscious and unconscious mental processes, and that dreams can offer an insight into the unconscious. ‘s questions in NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS FROM THE TEXT. 2 What type of problems are most commonly the cause of insomnia? 3 With insomnia, what do doctors usually try to do rather than prescribe sleeping pills? 4 What involuntary action is the symptom of narcolepsy? 5 How can narcolepsy be treated? What are sleepwalkers not aware of? Sows ‘What does snoring only very seldom lead to? 11. What can be altered to reduce snoring? ‘What is sleepwalking not considered to be a sign of? What kind of people are most commonly affected by sleepwalking? During what type of sleep does sleepwalking take place? 12 If sleep were no longer necessary, what might seem much longer? kHuea @biIOxKeHa epynnod vk. convenglishlibra SIR bts Rome kyon ti