Fascia

Collection of connective tissue

Superficial fascia Deep fascia

CH MUBARIK ALI
FasciA
 Fascia
ligament=bone to bone attachment
tendon=bone to muscle attachment
 FASCIA
• The term FASCIA is applied to a sheath or
band of Fibrous connective tissue that lies
beneath the skin or form an investment for
muscles and various organs of the body.
• There are two types of fascia related to the
muscular system.
• 1) SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
• 2) DEEP FASIA
Superficial fascia
Deep Fascia
Superficial fascia
 Superficial fascia

Superficial fascia:
• Loose, mixture of adipose and loose areolar tissues.
• It unites the skin to the underlying structures.
• It is dense in some places as scalp, palm of hand and sole of foot
and contains collagen bundles
• It is thin in the eyelids, auricle, scrotum, penis and clitoris
(devoid of adipose tissue).

Functions:
• Facilitates movement of skin over underlying structures.
• Passage for cutaneous vessels, nerves…
• Protects the body against heat loss.
 FASCIA
• The SUPERFICIAL FASCIA also called hypodermis
lies just beneath the skin.
• It covers the whole body but varies in thickness in
different regions.
• Generally superficial fascia consist of two layers
an outer fatty layer & inner fibrous layer.
• The outer layer contain fatty tissue which varies
in amount in different regions of the body.
 FASCIA
• Generally the quantity of fat is much higher in
women than man.
• The fat is absent in the eyelids, nose, external
ears, penis, scrotum.
• The inner layer of superficial fascia consists
mainly of fibrous connective tissue.
• Mostly this layer is thin but over the anterior
abdominal wall it condense into a
membranous layer rich in elastic fiber.
 superficial fascia is a natural insulator
FASCIA
• The SUPERFICIAL FASCIA conduct blood
vessels nerves and lymphatic's of skin.
• In the face and neck it contain skeletal
muscles.
• Fatty layer of fascia serve two main functions.
• It act as a store energy of metabolism.
• Being non conductor the fatty layer function
as insulation that serves to prevent the loss of
body heat.
 FASCIA
• The DEEP FASCIA lies beneath superficial
fascia.
• It is a tough and inelastic sheet which is made
up of several layer of dense fibrous connective
tissue.
• It does not contain any fatty tissues. Deep
fascia invest almost all entire body.
• However it is ill defined in the trunk and face
while it is very well defined in limbs and neck.
 FASCIA
• In the limbs the deep fascia form tight sleeves
and form its deep surface arise fibrous sheet.
• Which penetrate between muscles and
intramuscular septa are themselves directly or
indirectly attached to the long bone thus
divide the limb segments into a no of
osteofascial compartments.
• Formation of compartments serve the
following two main purposes.
 FASCIA
• 1) The muscles are separated into functioning
groups, and
• 2) Contraction of muscles with in the inelastic
walls of osteofascial compartments puts pressure
on the deep veins of the limbs and thus aids in
return of venous blood towards the heart.
• At the wrist and ankle joint the deep fascia is
thickened to form transverse band like thickening
called retinacula, which are attached to both
ends to local bony prominences.
Fascia
 FASCIA
• The retinacula serve to retain the long tendon
passing the retinacula in position preventing
these tendon from springing out of place during
muscle contraction.
• Where ever the deep fascia passes over a bone it
becomes fused with the periosteum of that bone.
In the limbs some muscles are attached to the
internal aspect of deep fascia portion of which
then serve as APONEUROSES.
 FASCIA
• APONEUROSES (vide infra) to provide indirect
bony attachment to the muscles ,.eg., ILIOTIBIAL
TRACT. WHICH IS THE THICKENED PART OF DEEP
FASCIA OF THIGH.
• It serves to transmit the pull of two MUSCLES
TENSOR FASCIA LATA, AND GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
to the FEMUR and TIBIA.
• IN THE PALM AND SOLE THE DEEP FASCIA IS
THICKENED TO FORM PALMER & PLANTER
APONEUROSIS.
 Examples of deep fascia
C. Retinacula

Localized thickening of deep fascia around joints, hold the tendons

in place, prevent bowstringing of tendons
 Deep fascia

It is more dense than superficial fascia

Collagenous bundles are more

compact and more regularly arranged

It is usually present in the form of

membranes
 Examples of deep fascia

A. Intermuscular septa

lie between muscles

dividing the limb into
compartments
 Examples of deep fascia
B. Investing fascia

• Covers the surfaces of muscles

• In the neck: it forms well-
well-defined layers,
bounds fascial spaces so limits spread of
infection or determine the path of infection
• In the abdomen: it is thin
• In the limbs: forms a definite sheath around the
muscles
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