Our Lady of Lourdes College Foundation

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

Vinzons Avenu, Daet, Camarines Norte

CA 3 (THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES)

MODULE 15
15th School Day, 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

LESSON 9 : Restorative Justice

TOPIC : Definition of Restorative Justice and Restorative Justice

Adopted in the Philippines

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this lesson, each learner will be able to:

1. Define Restorative Justice;

2. Discuss the effects of restorative justice as a rehabilitation program of PPA;
3. Familiarize on how restorative justice is implemented by PPA;
4. Identify the role of the probation and parole officer in the implementation of restorative
justice;
5. Discuss the procedural safeguard to be observed in applying the restorative justice
process;
6. Identify the restorative justice model that can be applied in PPA; and
7. Discuss the outcomes or interventions which can be agreed upon during the restorative
justice process.

LESSON PROPER

Restorative Justice is a process through which remorseful offenders accept

responsibility for their misconduct, particularly to their victims and to the community. It creates
obligation to make things right through proactive involvement of victims, ownership of the
offender of the crime and the community in search for solutions which promote repair,
reconciliation and reassurance.

Thus, the restorative justice process is actively participated in by the victim, the offender,
and/or any individual or community member affected by the crime to resolve conflicts resulting
from the criminal offense, often with the help of a fair and impartial third party. Examples of
restorative process include mediation, conferencing, sentencing/support circle and the like. The
restorative outcome is the agreement obtained as a product of a restorative justice process.
Examples of restorative outcomes include restitution, community work service and any other
program or response designed to accomplish reparation of the victim, and the reintegration of
the victims and/or offenders.

RESTORATIVE JUSTICE ADOPTED IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, of which the Philippines is a
member-country, through a draft resolution, recommended to the Economic and Social Council
of the United Nations Organization (UNO), the adoption of the “Basic Principles on the Use of
Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal Matters”. The said document is a formulation of
UN Standard in the field of mediation and restorative justice. The Philippines, being a signatory
member-country should ensure adoption of this resolution.

Consequently, the goal of the government is to establish a more enlightened and humane
correctional system that will promote the reformation of offenders and thereby reduce the
incidence of recidivism. This is in line with the applicable laws, rules, and policies mandating
this Agency to administer the Parole and Probation System in the country. As such, the Parole
and Probation Administration (PPA) is empowered to create innovative policies, programs, and
activities to facilitate the reintegration of its clientele into the mainstream of society and
consequently prevent the commission of crime. Therefore, PPA adopts Restorative Justice as
one of its rehabilitation programs which utilizes restorative processes and aims to achieve
restorative outcomes.

Effects of Restorative Justice as a Rehabilitation Program of PPA

1. Reintegration of the offenders to the social mainstream and encouraging them to assume
active responsibility for the injuries inflicted to the victims;
 2. Proactive involvement of the community to support and assist in the rehabilitation of
victims and offenders;
3. Attention to the needs of the victims, survivors and other persons affected by the crime
as participating stakeholders in the criminal justice system, rather than mere objects or
passive recipients of services of intervention that may be unwanted, inappropriate or
ineffective;
4. Healing the effects of the crime or wrongdoing suffered by the respective stakeholders;
and
5. Prevention of further commission of crime and delinquency.

Restorative Justice Implemented in PPA

A. During the Investigation Stage

Information such as victims’ version of the offense, effect of victimization to their lives,
families, future, and plans, and victims’ appreciation on how the damage/harm inflicted
by the crime can be repaired and healed are gathered to serve as input in the post-
sentence investigation (PSI) or pre-parole/executive clemency investigation (PPI)
reports prepared by the investigating officer to be submitted to the Court and the Board
of Pardons and Parole, respectively. These data are vital in the conduct of restorative
justice processes during the supervision phase.

Soliciting stakeholders’ interest for their introduction to the restorative process

commences during this stage.

B. During the Supervision Stage

Restorative Justice Program is a part of the rehabilitation of the client which is

incorporated in the client’s Supervision Treatment Plan (STP). In applying the various
restorative justice processes for the client’s rehabilitation, the supervising officer
observes the following points:

The parties are brought within the program out of their own volition. Parties have the
right to seek legal advice before and after the restorative justice process;

Before agreeing to participate in the restorative justice process, the parties are fully
informed of their rights, the nature of the process, and the possible consequences of
their decision;

Neither the victim nor the offender is induced by unfair means to participate in
restorative justice processes or outcomes;

Discussion in restorative justice processes should be highly confidential and should not
be disclosed subsequently, except with the consent of the parties, and should not be
used against the parties involved;

Where no agreement can be made between the parties, the case is withdrawn from the
restorative justice process; and

In the event agreement is reached by parties, it is put in writing to give

substance/essence to the agreement. The failure to implement any provision of the
agreement made in the course of the restorative justice process is a basis for the
withdrawal of the case from the program.

The Role of the Probation and Parole Officer in the Implementation of Restorative
Justice

  A Probation and Parole Officer assigned to handle investigation and supervision

caseloads acts as restorative justice planner. As such, he/she undertakes the following
responsibilities:

1. Identifies and recommends to the Chief Probation and Parole Officer (CPPO) potential
case for Peacemaking Encounter;

2. Conducts dialogue to explore the possibility of restorative justice process;

3. Coordinates/collaborates with responsible members and leaders of community for their

participation in the conference;

4. Serves as facilitator-strength in the conference;

 5. Assists in healing process of stakeholders based on the Supervision Treatment Plan; and

6. Prepares case notes reflective of restorative justice values and utilizing the following
points:
 Impact of crime and effect of victimization
 Victim inputs and involvement opportunities
 Offender opportunity to take direct responsibility for the harm inflicted
on the victim and/or the community.

A CPPO engages in the following responsibilities:

1. Approves cases for Peace Encounter Conference and issues office orders; and

2. Implements and monitors plans and agreements achieved during the conference and
sets direction to realize success of the process.

The procedural safeguards to be observed in applying the restorative justice

process to resolve conflicts arising from the criminal offense.
The clients must admit the offense to be eligible for the conference, and if possible, they should
be encouraged to take full responsibility;

1. A personal visit by the Restorative Justice planner may be necessary to solicit interest
and willingness of stakeholders to participate in the restorative process;

2. The victims’ preference for the time, date and place of the meeting should be given
greatest weight;

3. Restorative Justice planners should also get in touch with community strengths to serve
as facilitator like local officials, members of the Lupon Tagapamayapa or any responsible
and respected personalities in the locality;

4. A pre-conference meeting with the selected facilitators prior to the actual conduct of
peace encounter conference should be set to carefully plan for all the details, from the
sitting arrangements and refreshments to the box of tissue papers which incidentally
would let participants know that display of emotions is okay;

5. A pre-conference meeting could likewise be arranged separately with individual

stakeholders to explain the process and other vital details of the conference;

6. The Restorative Justice planner should ensure that everyone knows how to get to the
location site of the conference;

7. Facilitators should ensure that the conference shall be conducted without interruption in
a comfortable location and shall secure the safety of all stakeholders;

8. Stakeholders shall also be consulted relative to the composition of the panel of

facilitators. Any party may move to oppose the inclusion of persons by reason of
relationship, bias, interest or other similar grounds that may adversely affect the process;
and

9. Indigenous system of settling differences or disputes shall accordingly be recognized and

utilized to conform with the customs and tradition of that particular cultural community.

ASSIGNMENT/PROGRESS CHECK

ESSAY: Utilization of additional sheet of paper if necessary is permissible. Rubrics

of your essay is attached and found in the next page of this module.

1. How Restorative Justice implemented in Parole and Probation Administration? (15

points)

Reference: Community-Based Correction in the Philippines (Non-Institutional Correction) by Brian B.

Guerrero
 Our Lady of Lourdes College Foundation
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
Vinzons Avenu, Daet, Camarines Norte

CA 3 (THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES)

MODULE 16
16th School Day, 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

LESSON 9 : Restorative Justice

TOPIC : Definition of Restorative Justice and Restorative Justice

Adopted in the Philippines (Lesson 9, Continuation)

Objectives and introduction of this specific module is referring to Module 15.

LESSON PROPER

The Restorative Justice Model that can be applied in PPA

1. Peacemaking Encounter

Peacemaking Encounter is a community-based gathering that brings the victim, the

victimized community, and the offender together. It supports the healing process of the
victims by providing a safe and controlled setting for them to meet and speak with the
offender on a confidential and strictly voluntary basis. It also allows the offender to learn
about the impact of the crime to the victim and his/her family, and to take direct
responsibility for his/her behavior. Likewise, it provides a chance for the victim and the
offender to forge a mutually acceptable plan that addresses the harm caused by the
crime.

 As a community-based decision model, the Agency Peacemaking Encounter is being

implemented through the following processes:

a. Victim/Offender Mediation – a process that provides an interested victim an

opportunity to meet face-to-face his/her offender in a secured and structured setting or
atmosphere, with the help of a trained mediator, and engage in a discussion of the past
offense and its impact to his/her life. Its goal is to support the healing process of the
victim and allow the offender to learn the impact of his/her offense on the victim’s
physical, emotional and financial existence, and take direct responsibility for his/her
behavior by mutually developing a Restorative Justice plan that addresses the harm
caused by the said offense.

b. Conferencing – a process which involves community of people most affected by the

crime – the victim and the offender and their families, the affected community members
and trained facilitators and community strength – in a restorative discussion of issues
and problems arising from an offense or coincidence which affects community
relationship and tranquility. Facilitated by a trained facilitator, the above parties are
gathered at their own volition to discuss how they and others have been harmed by the
offense or conflict, and how that harm may be repaired and broken relationship may be
restored.

c. Circle of Support – a community directed process organized by the field office and
participated in by the clients, the Volunteer Probation Aides (VPAs) and selected
members of the community in the discussion of the offense and its impact. Within the
circle, people freely speak from the heart in a shared search for understanding the
incident, and together identify the steps necessary to assist in the reconciliation and
healing of all affected parties and prevent future crime or conflict. In the Agency, the
circle of support is facilitated by trained Probation and Parole Officers, Volunteer
Probation Aides or selected community leaders who offered their services free of charge
to serve as facilitator or keeper. In implementing this process, the probation and parole
officer should be the facilitator who is sensitive to the needs of the victim. Likewise, the
probation and parole officer should exert effort to protect the safety and interest of the
victim.

The outcomes or interventions which can be agreed upon during the restorative
justice process.
 As a result of the restorative justice process, the following outcomes or interventions may
be agreed upon by parties in a Restorative Justice discussion, such as, but not limited to:

A. Restitution

Restitution is a process upon which the offender accepts accountability for the
financial and/or non-financial losses he/she may have caused to the victim.
Restitution is a “core” victim’s right which is very crucial in assisting the
redirection of the victim’s life.  

Part of the conditions of probation as imposed by the Court is the payment of civil
liability to indemnify the victim of the offender, and to inculcate to the offender a sense
of responsibility and obligation towards the community. Consequently, the probation
and parole officer should see to it that the offender complies with this condition.

B. Community Work Service

Community Work Service, whether imposed as a condition of offender’s

conditional liberty or integral part of his treatment plan, should be purposely motivated
to make the offender realize that he/she incurred an obligation to make things right. In
its application, the offender can be subjected to perform work service measures,
including, but not limited to any of the following:

 Mentoring and Intergenerational Service – offenders will develop their nurturing

needs thru caring for other people; example: with senior citizens, with
orphanages, or with street children.

 Economic Development – to link directly with the business project; examples:

cleaning downtown area, tree planting, maintenance of business zones, housing
restoration, garbage and waste management, cleaning of esteros, recycling,
construction, repair of streets, and the like.

 Citizenship and Civic participation-experiential activities which involve solving

community problems; examples: puppet shows that showcase values, street
dramas, peer counseling.

 Helping the Disadvantaged – this will enhance offender’s self-esteem; examples:

assist handicapped, assist in soup kitchen, tutor peers, visit the aged in jail and
hospitals.

 Crime Prevention Project – examples: Brgy. Ronda, giving testimony to the

youth.

The probation and parole officer should ensure the adoption of these community work
services to facilitate the reintegration of the offender in the community.

C. Counseling (whether individual, group or family

 It will enhance client’s interpersonal relationship and it will help him/her become more
aware of his/her shortcomings/weaknesses. This will also help him/her overcome
painful experiences that drove him/her to commit a crime/ offense.

D. Attendance to trainings, seminars and lectures

E. Participation in education, vocation or life skills program

F. Group Therapy Session

An intervention which provides recovering drug dependents or those with serious

behavioral problems an opportunity to discuss their problems.

G. Spiritual development session/faith-based session

H.  Submission to psychological/psychiatric assessment

I. Submission to drug test/drug dependency examination

J.  Attendance to skills training/livelihood assistance program

 K.  Marital enhancement program

L. Written or oral apology

M. Submission to family therapy session

 This session aims to develop healthy personal relationship within the family and to
establish open positive communication between family members and significant others. Family
members should be oriented in their individual responsibilities and roles.

N.  Confinement in Drug Treatment Rehabilitation Center Including

Aftercare.

ASSIGNMENT/PROGRESS CHECK

ESSAY: Utilization of additional sheet of paper if necessary is permissible. Rubrics

of your essay is attached and found in the next page of this module.

1. Explain the Restorative Justice Model that can be applied in Parole and Probation
Administration. (15 points)

Our Lady of Lourdes College Foundation

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
Vinzons Avenu, Daet, Camarines Norte

CA 3 (THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES)

MODULE 17
17th School Day, 1st Semester SY 2020-2021

LESSON 10 : The Future of Corrections

TOPIC : The Necessity of Collaboration with the Community

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this lesson, each learner will be able to:

1. Know the concept of Collaboration Justice with the community and other Service
providers;

2. Identify to whom should community corrections professional collaborate;

3. Discuss the line of sentencing philosophies and practices;

4. Identify the encountered challenges of collaboration justice;

5. Familiarize the organizations and associations related to community corrections;

6. Discuss the involvement of Non-Government Organizations;

7. Determine the significance of research in correction;

8. Identify the evidence-based practices; and

9. Familiarize the correction research priorities.

LESSON PROPER

The Necessity of Collaboration with the Community

To ensure public safety is the desired outcome of the criminal justice system’s
intervention in rehabilitating offenders. For this reason, criminal justice practitioners must
find and must continuously develop the most effective ways in which this goal may be
achieved.

New approaches of offender correction and rehabilitation will definitely produce

different effects on the components of the justice system. Current policies encourage these
components to consider the impact of their individual duties and responsibilities in the
delivery of justice. Community-based correction is a critical lynch pin in these efforts,
responsible for effectively managing offenders while on probation, parole or conditional
pardon with parole conditions. As with other components within the justice system,
collaborating and partnership with other components and with community (internal and
external partners) has become increasingly critical to the accomplishment of community
corrections’ mission of enhancing public safety by effectively rehabilitating offenders in the
community.

If the primary goal of community corrections is to achieve public safety through

reduced recidivism by effectively managing offenders within the community, then community
corrections agencies must reach out to collaborative partners. As more comprehensive
approaches to supervising offenders are implemented in the field, enhanced collaboration is
required to provide the assistance and additional resources necessary to promote offender
success. For example, with the increased understanding and implementation of integrated
case management system around the country, communication among criminal justice
professionals and community supervision require strong partnerships with the community
(including the victim and offender).

Collaboration with institutional partners is also critically important, working with

correctional officers and institutional case managers to prepare an offender for reentry into
the community. The issue facing offenders upon release are numerous and often confounding -
lack of housing, drug addiction, limited employment options, limited education. To succeed,
these needs must be considered and a plan put in place before the offender is released. Such
barriers to successful reintegration must be addressed through partnership with other
practitioners, service providers, and community agencies.

Concept of Collaborative Justice with the Community and other Service

providers

Community correction professionals cannot possibly, and should not expect to, address
the complex needs of offenders independently. Other professionals must be involved to provide

valuable information, resources, and perspective that will help the offender to succeed in the
community.

Collaboration goes beyond sharing of resources and exchanging information;

collaboration requires that community corrections officers, court officials, and community
partners work closely with each to achieve outcomes that would not be possible without the
collaboration.

Working with other criminal justice professionals and community partners can result in
supervision plans that address offenders’ need more effectively, resulting in lower court
caseloads and reduced violations and crime rate within the community. It is only through
collaboration with public, private, and community-based service providers that community
corrections can promote safer communities.

With whom should community corrections professionals collaborate?

The selection of collaborative partners is just as critical as the commitment to

collaboration itself. Collaborative partners should include those who have the authority to
influence the outcome of the problem at hand and have demonstrated investment in doing so.

In a community-based correction collaboration, law enforcement, counsel of the

accused, prosecutors, judges, court personnel and others are important stakeholders in the
success of offenders in the community. Law enforcement is an important partner to community
corrections in supervision efforts, providing support to monitoring and enforcement activities.
Prosecutors and counsel of the accused assist by crafting effective sentencing strategies, and
judges, through the imposition of conditions as part of their sentencing decisions, provide the
structure and tools that community corrections need to manage offenders successfully and
promote offender success in the community.

Community and service providers play keys roles in addressing effectively the complex
social, behavioral, and health issue that offenders face. Public and private treatment providers,
including substance abuse and mental health practitioners, victims’ rights organizations, and
victim advocates can also provide valuable resources and perspectives for supervising offenders.
Government agencies providing housing resources, workforce training, educational assistance,
and veterans’, benefits are also important partners in finding solution to the complex problems
facing offenders in the community. Community and faith-based partners (including willing
employers, and local colleges and schools) can provide numerous resources. But still the most
important stakeholders are the offender and his or her family.

The Line of Sentencing Philosophies and Practices

 Retributive Justice
(Past)

Restorative Justice
(Present)

Collaborative Justice
(Future)

Retributive Justice Restorative Justice Collaborative Justice

 Retributive justice  Sometimes called  Collaborative justice is a

also known as reparative unique and promising
punitive justice justice is an approach to criminal justice
is a theory of approach to justice that seeks to work toward the
justice that that focuses on the more effective resolution of
considers needs of the victim these problems. Rather than
punishment, if and the offenders, relying on single agencies to
proportionate, to as well as the solve their respective
be the best involved problems, it recognizes that
response to crime. community, many criminal justice
 When an offender instead of problems are systemic and
breaks the law, satisfying abstract require a coordinated and
s/he thereby legal principles or collaborative response to the
forfeits or punishing the most pressing issues facing
suspends her/his offender. our justice system today.
rights to

something of
equal value, and
justice requires
that this forfeit be
enacted.

 Retribution is  Victims take an  Collaborative justice

directed only at active role in the partnerships – and the
wrongs, has process, while ability to share information,
inherent limits, it offenders are develop common goals, and
not personal encouraged to take create compatible internal
involves no responsibility for policies to support those
pleasure at the their actions, “to goals – have significant
suffering of others, repair the harm potential to positively impact
and employs they’ve done – by crime, increase public
procedural apologizing, confidence, and reduce cost
standards. returning stolen throughout the justice
 Source: money, or system.
community  Criminal justice
http://en.wikipedi service”. professionals join forces to
a.org  Restorative justice analyze problems and create
that fosters responsive solution; and
dialogue between judges, court administrators,
victim and prosecutors, defense
offender shows the attorneys, probation and
highest rates of parole representatives ,
victim satisfaction corrections personnel, victim
and offender advocates, law enforcement
accountability. officers, and public and
 Source: private treatment providers
http://en.wikipedi reach out to one another to
a.org forge partnerships that will
enable them to address
complex medical, social,
fiscal and behavioral
problems that pose
significant threats to the
 safety and well-being of our
communities.
 Source:
http://www.collaborativejust
ice.org

Challenges of Collaborative Justice

The successful implementation of a collaborative justice approach often faces many

challenges, including:

 The adversarial nature of the legal system;

 The competition for scarce resources;
 The political pressure faced by elected officials;
 The creation or existence of agencies that have overlapping, duplicative responsibilities;
and
 The creation or existence of agencies that have missions that are incongruous.

The success of a collaborative team relies upon the desire and willingness of each
participant to dedicate themselves and their time to collaborative process; to set aside individual
agency agendas in pursuit of a shared and larger goal; and to recognize that collaborative justice
is a long term process, requiring the establishment and maintenance of solid collaborative
partnership with other agencies and community stakeholders. The long term benefits of the
collaborative approach including a shared ownership of responsibility for, and success in solving
justice system problems will undoubtedly make the investment worthwhile.

Organizations and Associations Related to Community Corrections

The International Community Corrections Association (ICCA)

In 1964, the International Community Corrections Association (formerly known as the

International Halfway House Association and later, in 1989 as the International Association of
Residential and Community Alternatives) held out first meeting in Chicago, IL with 30 people in
attendance. Today, after more than 45 years, the ICCA represents more than 250 private
agencies operating over 1,500 residential and community alternative programs, in addition to
1,000 individual members nationally and abroad. Its members offer a variety of programs and
services which include:

 Community-based corrections centers

 Community corrections programs
 Educational/Vocational services
 Drug testing and treatment
 Tutoring services
 Day reporting treatment
 Crisis Intervention
 Family/Individual counseling
 Victims services
 Community service supervision
 Bail supervision
 Home detention/electronic monitoring
 Neighborhood outreach
 Residential treatment
 Aftercare
 Transitional housing

The International Community Corrections Association, as a private, non-profit,

membership organization, acts as the representative voice for residential and other community
corrections programs. As such, it expects of its member compassion, belief in the dignity and
worth of human beings, respect for individual difference and a commitment to quality care for
its clients. It requires of its member the professional background, research and expertise
necessary to ensure performance of effective quality services delivered with integrity and
competence. ICCA affirms that its primary goal is the successful re-integration of the client into
the community.

ICCA has been an affiliate of the American Correctional Association (ACA) since 1975; an
affiliate of the United Nations Alliance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Criminal Justice
since 1982; the American Probation and Parole Association, the International Corrections and
prison Association and the National Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Coalition. In
addition, ICCA liaises with several other national and international Community corrections
organizations. (http;//iccalive.org/icca/index.php)

American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)

(http://www.aca.org)

Is an international organization that provides education and training for community

corrections practitioners and supervisors. APPA establishes standards in all areas of community
supervision, including restitution, electronic monitoring, pretrial, conditional early release and
issues related to prisons.

APPA is only one of several organizations that serve a similar purpose for community
corrections advocacy. Other organizations are as follows:

1. American correction Association (ACA)

(http://www.napsa.org)

2. National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies (NAPSA)

(http://www.iccaweb.org)

3. International Association of Reentry (IAR)

(http://www.iarreentry.org)

Involvement of Non-Government Organization (NGOs)

It cannot be denied that Non-Governmental Organization or private sector will play an

important role in the success of rehabilitating offenders in the community. These NGO’s can
provide job opportunities to the clients of community-based correction. We must understand
that opportunities available for those clients are a great help for their rehabilitation.

Significance of Research in Corrections

Making research is a making of the future. Hence, the future of correction will be based
on how much studies are conducted to develop the current policies in correction. What is lacking

today in the Philippine Correction is research. Although there are foreign researches available,
but applicability of these in our local setting is a question.

Evidence-based Practices (EBP)

Involves using current practices or intervention for which there is consistent and solid
scientific evidence of success. Integrating into everyday practice the correctional programs and
techniques that have been shown to be the most effective with offender using evaluation results
from systematically evaluated research studies. EBP is not based intuition, speculations or
tradition, rather EBP is grounded in empirical data and research in studying what works. The
idea behind EBP in corrections is that agencies use only the most successful programs.

Corrections Research Priorities

On March 12, 2009 the U.S Department of Justice, Office of the Justice Programs
National Institute of Justice has identified high-priority research, development and evaluation
needs of corrections professionals. Those high-priority goals include:

 Create knowledge and develop technologies on how prisons, jails and community
corrections can be better managed to provide safe, secure and cost-effective operations.
 Create knowledge on how to assess and manage special offender populations in prisons,
jails and in the community.
 Develop effective treatment/intervention strategies that enhance public safety by
maximizing the successful reentry of offenders into communities.
 Research the cause of prison sexual assault and factors that may deter the reporting of
such assaults and evaluate strategies, practices and policies designed to prevent it.
 Develop assured means to continuously and accurately monitor the location and status
of corrections officers and personnel as well as inmates and detainees.
 Develop improved means to detect, locate and defeat the use of unauthorized wireless
communication devices.
 Develop improved, unobtrusive means to accurately detect a broad spectrum of
contraband to preclude its introduction into correctional environments.
 Optimizing the way in which corrections agencies employ new technologies, such as
smart sensors, wireless mobile networks and knowledge management, in response
operations.
  Develop improved information and data system that link an individual’s records and
citations across various criminal justice database from the time of entry into the criminal
justice system.
 Develop devices providing multilingual speech translation capabilities for public safety
application including voice and speech-to-text/text-to-speech.

These priorities inform decisions about the scope of future work and dissemination of
NIJ-sponsored knowledge and technologies. At the same time, NIJ maintains the flexibility to
respond to emerging needs and to consider the merits of individual projects that may contribute
to other worthwhile goals. (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov)

ASSIGNMENT/PROGRESS CHECK

ESSAY: Utilization of additional sheet of paper if necessary is permissible. Rubrics

of your essay is attached and found in the next page of this module.

1. Discuss the differences of its function of rehabilitation practices and integration of offenders.

a) Retributive Justice –
b) Restorative Justice –
c) Collaborative Justice –

Reference: Community-Based Correction in the Philippines (Non-Institutional Correction) by Brian B.

Guerrero