C27 Industrial Engine TWM00001-UP(SEBP4496 - 25) - Documentation Page 1 of 6

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Product: INDUSTRIAL ENGINE

Model: C27 INDUSTRIAL ENGINE TWM
Configuration: C27 Industrial Engine TWM00001-UP

Systems Operation
C27 Industrial and C32 Industrial and Petroleum Engines
Media Number -RENR9798-03 Publication Date -01/08/2008 Date Updated -26/08/2008

i03211775

Air Inlet and Exhaust System

SMCS - 1050

The air inlet and the exhaust system includes the following components:

• Turbocharger

• Exhaust manifold

• Exhaust valves

• Inlet valves

• Cylinder head

• Valve system components

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Illustration 1 g01155724

Typical Example

(1) Turbochargers

(2) Exhaust outlets

(3) Inlet manifolds

(4) Exhaust manifolds

(5) Exhaust valves

(6) Inlet valves

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The engine is set up for an air-to-air aftercooled arrangement. In an air-to-air aftercooled arrangement,
clean inlet air from an air cleaner is pulled through the air inlet of the turbochargers by the turning of
compressor wheel. The compressor wheel causes a compression of the air. The turbochargers
compress the inlet air so that a larger volume of air can be drawn into the cylinders. This compressing
of the inlet air is referred to as boost. The compression of the inlet air causes the temperature of the air
to increase. The air then flows to an aftercooler. An aftercooler will cool the inlet air. Cooling of the
inlet air causes the air to become more dense. This increases the combustion efficiency and the
horsepower output of the engine. The air then flows from the aftercooler to the inlet manifolds of the
engine. When the inlet valves open, the air flows into the engine cylinders. The air is mixed with the
fuel for combustion. When the exhaust valves open, the exhaust gases go out of the engine cylinders
and into exhaust manifolds. From the exhaust manifolds, the exhaust gases flow through the blades of
the turbine wheel in the turbochargers. This causes the turbine wheel to spin. The exhaust gases then
flow out of the exhaust outlet of the turbocharger.

Turbocharger

Illustration 2 g01388253

Turbocharger

(7) Air inlet

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(8) Compressor housing

(9) Compressor wheel

(10) Bearing

(11) Oil Inlet port

(12) Bearing

(13) Turbine housing

(14) Turbine wheel

(15) Exhaust outlet

(16) Oil outlet port

(17) Exhaust inlet

All of the air that enters the engine passes through the turbocharger. All of the exhaust gases from the
engine pass through the turbocharger.

The exhaust gases enter turbine housing (13) through exhaust inlet (17). The exhaust gas pushes on
the blades of the turbine wheel (14). The turbine wheel is connected by a shaft to the compressor
wheel (9) .

Air that passes through the air filters enters the compressor housing air inlet (7) by the rotation of
compressor wheel (9). The compressor wheel causes the inlet air to be pushed into the inlet side of the
engine. Boost pressure is caused when the compressor wheel pushes more air into the inlet side of the
engine. This results in an inlet manifold pressure that exceeds atmospheric pressure. This allows the
engine to burn more fuel. When the engine burns more fuel the engine produces more power.

When the throttle is opened, more fuel is injected into the cylinders. The combustion of this additional
fuel produces greater exhaust temperature. The additional exhaust temperature causes the turbine and
the compressor wheels of the turbocharger to turn faster. As the compressor wheel turns faster, more
air is forced into the cylinders. The increased flow of air gives the engine more power by allowing the
engine to burn the additional fuel with greater efficiency.

Bearings (10) and (12) for the turbocharger use engine oil under pressure for lubrication and cooling.
The oil comes in through oil inlet port (11). The oil then goes through passages in the center section in
order to lubricate the bearings. This oil also cools the bearings. Oil from the turbocharger goes out
through oil outlet port (16) in the bottom of the center section. The oil then goes back to the engine oil
pan.

Valve System Components

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Illustration 3 g01388254

Valve system components

(18) Rocker arm

(19) Locknut

(20) Rocker arm shaft

(21) Camshaft

(22) Valve bridge

The valve train controls the flow of inlet air and exhaust gases into the cylinders and out of the
cylinders during engine operation. The camshaft (21) controls the timing of the valves during engine
operation.

The crankshaft gear drives the camshaft gear through an idler gear. The camshaft must be timed to the
crankshaft in order to get the correct relation between the piston position and the valve position.

The camshaft has three camshaft lobes for each cylinder. One camshaft lobe operates the inlet valves.
One camshaft lobe operates the exhaust valves. One camshaft lobe operates the unit injector. The
camshaft lobes cause the follower on the rocker arm to actuate the valves and the unit injector.

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Each cylinder has two inlet valves and two exhaust valves. Valve springs hold the valves closed and
the valve springs resist the opening of the valves. This ensures that the valves will close at high rpm
and under high boost pressures. Valve rotators cause the valves to rotate while the engine is running.
The rotation of the valves prevents the valves from burning by constantly changing the contact area of
the valve face and the valve seat. This rotation gives the valves longer service life.

Copyright 1993 - 2013 Caterpillar Inc. Mon Mar 18 12:53:26 UTC+0800 2013
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