LECTURE = 4 &5 , UNIT=5

Date = 5/11/2020
Mohanish Shah
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PRACTICAL STEPS FOR DFE
Implementation of DFE
Greening Your Products
Many innovative businesses have
successfully introduced "green"
products

How do these business owners and

product designers go about
improving existing products or
introducing new green products?

What motivates them to do so?

While many of these products
have saved money, they have
also reduced impacts on
human health and the
environment by :
 Using recycled or recyclable
material (e.g., recycled
paper products)
 Reducing their energy usage
(e.g., efficient washing
machines that use less water
and energy)
 Eliminating the use of toxic
chemicals during their
manufacture
“Green” products have a lesser or reduced impact on human
health and the environment than other products that
perform a similar function

Evaluating greener products generally requires a review of

multiple environmental attributes
Incorporate greening concepts into your all product
development process phases

Phase 1: Concept Design Prototype

GREENING

Phase 2: Market Manufacture Package Deliver

special consideration should be given to the product’s

design
 studies show that about 70% of a product’s environmental
impacts are determined by decisions made during the design
stage..
 Traditionally, product design takes into account standard
product attributes such as price, performance, and safety
 Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) program builds
upon these traditional attributes by adding “Environment”
and “Health” considerations into these traditional building
blocks
ENVIRONMENTALLY
PREFERABLE PURCHASING

ENVIRONMENT
Maxi mi ze benefi ci al
envi ronmental attributes (e.g.,
maxi mi ze recycl ed materi al
content)
HEALTH
Mi ni mi ze a d v e r s e heal th
effects (e.g., mi ni mi z e
hazardous materi al s)

TRADITIONAL
Mai ntai n consi sten cy wi th traditional pur chasi ng
factors (e.g., safety, price, perfor ma n ce)
  Government agencies and businesses alike are
struggling to determine the best ways to improve their
products to better protect human health and the
environment.
 new information and ideas become available to further
improve your products and manufacturing processes

Therefore

 identifying greening opportunities should be part of the

standard product and process improvement practices of
your organization.
 Two approaches for improvement are product
improvement and process improvement

PRODUCT
Develop products that have preferable environmental attributes when
compared with similar products (e.g., use recycled materials, are energy
efficient, are easily recycled) and market these products as green.
 Paper made from recycled content
 Flatware that is biodegradable

PROCESS
Improve your manufacturing and business operations to reduce your use of
energy and materials as well as reduce wastes and emissions associated
with the process of making the product.
 Replacing traditional solvents with citrus-based solvents
 Installing energy efficient motors
 The goal for these two approaches is to benefit your
bottom line, while also benefiting the environment.
 They aim to improve your profitability in a variety of ways

Attracting green consumers by getting your

Increasing
products included in environmentally
market share preferable purchasing programs.

Reducing Increasing efficiency and reducing waste

operating costs leads to better profit margins.

Includes benefits such as increasing

Less tangible employee participation and morale,
benefits strengthening the company’s image in the
community.
A product can be considered greener based on its
characteristics, or “attributes.”

Examining a product’s life cycle across its many stages

provides a useful framework for thinking about how product
changes will impact the environment

Focus is usually placed on the environmental impacts arising

from manufacturing

it is also important to consider

upstream impacts (those that occur before the product is
manufactured, such as mining or processing the input materials)
downstream impacts (after manufacture including distribution,
use, and final disposal)
Life-cycle Diagram for Paper
Products can also be made greener by improving the
manufacturing processes involved in producing them

Characteristics of Greener Manufacturing

Consumes less natural resources

Requires less energy to produce

Releases less gases that lead to global climate change

Uses and releases less toxic materials

Creates less waste (both hazardous and non-hazardous)

Product life cycle costs and
life cycle actors
 Greening is good for employees
Greening the manufacturing process also has
positive impacts on human health of employees

traditional wall paints contain

solvents, many of which are volatile
organic compounds (VOCs.)

Example
VOCs emitted while manufacturing
or using the product can contribute
to the formation of ground-level
ozone, a lung irritant that makes
breathing difficult
 Most common greening approach
 Benchmarking green products with other
products with the same function
 Benchmarking recycled content of paper with:
 Market average recycled paper content
 Guideline specifying recommended recycled content
 Recycled content levels in other green labeled papers
 Product Approach to Greening
Review Guidelines
 Comprehensive Procurement Guideline(CPG)
Green Seal
Environmentally Preferrable Purchasing(EPP)

Identify Greener Products

 Create a Material Inventory
Get Ideas for Green Products

Identify Other Prooduct Design Developments

 Packaging and Delivery
Design for Environment(e.g. durability,repairability,upgradability)

Market Your Green Product

 Certification
Placement into Green Procurement Systems
Green Labeling
Marketing
 Guidelines to help purchasers select green products:
 help you find the criteria your customers may use
 help you develop criteria for greening your existing products
 provide ideas for new green products to introduce in your
product line
 US Environmental Protection Agency
 Signed into law in 1998
 Initiatives Include environment in purchasing
 Part of EPA’s effort
 Use of materials recovered from solid waste
 Buying recycled content products

 Non-profit standard setting organization
 Unbiased, third party
 Awards “green seal of approval”
 Products that cause less harm to the

environment
 Develops environmental standards for
product categories
 Carries out the actual certification of

particular products from interested

manufacturers
 US federal gov. spends more than $200 billion
annually on goods and services.
 EPP,a federal program encouraging and
assisting Executive agencies in purchasing
environmentally preferable products and
services
 empower federal consumers to make smart
purchasing decisions that reflect
environmental considerations
 Use information to
 identify greener materials that can be
substituted into your current products
 identify new green products to add to your
product offerings

 Actions to take
 Create a materials inventory
 Get ideas for green products
 Packaging/Delivery
 Greener packaging
 Transportation costs and energy use
 Durability
 Long lasting products
 Repairability and Upgradeability
 Easily repaired or upgraded
 Design for Recycling/Disassembly
 Easily recycled after use
 Product Take back(Future)
 easily disassembled, remanufactured or recycled
 Actions to take:
 Get your product certified
 Get your product included in green
procurement systems and lists
 Appropriately label your green product
 Use marketing strategies
What is a process map? A
process map is a schematic
description of a process or
processes. It is not a quality
improvement flowchart, a floor
plan, nor a complex wiring
diagram. Enough detail should
be included to provide
adequate information to
understand the bigger picture
of your processes and stimulate
discussion on the interactions
between various processes.
When capital improvements are required, it is
necessary to evaluate the profitability of these
greening projects. A key element in assessing
the profitability of pollution prevention and
greener manufacturing projects is to properly
account for all environmental cost savings.
Often costs (such as waste disposal) are
neglected from the analysis. Techniques and
software are available to help in such an
evaluation
Evaluate greening opportunities during product design.

Greening is a moving target

Greening takes time.

Green product market is increasing.

The aim of Life Cycle Design (LCD) is
to integrate environmental and social considerations
into product or service design and development.

The basic principles of Life Cycle Design are

• life cycle thinking;

• introduction of the environmental and social
considerations as early as possible in the life-cycle;
• consideration of the core service provided by the product.
 Emphasis on product
quality along its life
cycle
Increase in
production eco- Increase in
efficiency and resource use
organisation efficiency
efficiency Elements of
Life Cycle Design
Concern for
end-of-life
Consideration of managemen
Identification of
local culture and t
market needs and
capacities
opportunities

Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 36

 Where?

The designers and the managers of the products use life

cycle design during the earlier phases of product
development.

LCD is a top-rank tool for

environmental and social
management. Raw
Materials can be defined
according to the
requirements of LCD.
Decisions on LCD in the
earlier phase of product
development also
influence Packaging
and Distribution, Use and
Maintenance, and the
Disposal.

Internal
• Product innovation
• Improves product quality
• Saves costs
• Boosts brand value and
reputation
• Reach new customers
• New opportunities for value
creation
• Social equity
• Governance and management
systems visible to stakeholders
• Green marketing
• Environmental and social
awareness
Why?
External
• Be prepared for upcoming
norms and standards
• Use of subsidy schemes
• Encounter market and
supplier competition
• Accomodate customer
demand, public opinion, and
NGO pressure
• Encounter pressure from
direct community,
environmental groups and
other stakeholders
 Traditional Life Cycle Design Steps Output of the
Design Steps Process Step
1. Create team, plan project,
Product SWOT drivers, company goals Project Plan
Specification
Project
2. Product selection
Key
Manufacturing Life Cycle
Preparation 3. Development of Aspects
life cycle design strategy
Conceptual Product
Design 4. Product idea Idea
generation and selection
Detailed Life Cycle
Design 5. Concepts Development Design
Market 6. Evaluation and
Launch Implementation of product The Final
Review Product
7. Follow Up
1. Create team, plan project, SWOT drivers,
company goals
 Enthusiasm and support of management
 Allocation of financial resources and when to do
2. Product selection
 Selection of a suitable product or sub-assembly
requires a screening through a check-list.
 Consider
 reduction in environmental and social impact
 market potential
 the match between life cycle gains and market potentials
 competency of the personnel
 anticipated learning effect
 available budget
 complexity of the product
 length of the Life Cycle
3. Development of Life Cycle Design strategy
4. Product idea generation and selection

 New concept development

 Selection of low impact materials
 Reduction of material usage
 Optimisation of production techniques
 Product structure level
 Reduction of impact during use
 Optimisation of the initial life time
 Optimisation of end-of-life system
5. Concepts development
Filter the options through the criteria of
technical and financial feasibility, market
opportunities and expected environmental
and social profit and the most favourable
ones are selected.

6.Evaluation and implementation

of product

7. Follow Up
 Workon the parts of the product rather than the
whole if you have products having short product
development time!
 Concentrateon only one component or sub-assembly
of the product when you have highly complex
products and long-life span.
 Thereis no single methodology for “Life Cycle
Design”!
 Keyis to integrate the environmental and social
impact consideration process into your usual design
process.
 Use
simple tools such as life-cycle mapping or
matrixes!
 Develop an action plan!
BE GREEN !