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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016) 354 – 360

CITIES 2015 International Conference, Intelligent Planning Towards Smart Cities, CITIES 2015,
3-4 November 2015, Surabaya, Indonesia

Earthquake Microzonation and VS, 30 Mapping Based on

Microtremor Measurement (Case Study in Kaliwates and
Sumbersari Sub-District, Jember Regency)
Nur Ayu Diana Citra Dewi S.Pa* , Rini Trisno Lestarib, Ria Asih Aryani Soemitroc, Dwa
Desa Warnanad
aInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh November,Engineering Faculty and Planning, 60111, Sukolilo, Surabaya. Email: nurayudiana@yahoo.com
bInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh November,Engineering Faculty and Planning, 60111, Sukolilo, Surabaya. Email: rini.trisnolestari@gmail.com
cInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh November,Engineering Faculty and Planning, 60111, Sukolilo, Surabaya. Email: ria@ce.its.ac.id
dInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 60111, Sukolilo, Surabaya. Email:
dwa_desa@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract

This research was conducted to estimate the value of the wave velocity of the S at 30 meters depth (Vs,30) below the surface and
do a microzonation of the spectrum microtremor H/V, related to the area based on the research that’s been done. Then, data weve
collected is processed with HVSR method. It supposed to get the HVSR curve, natural frequency, and the thickness of the
sediment. To obtain the value of the Vs below the surface, the depth of the bedrock, and Vs,30, HVSR curve then is inversed.
Moreover, by integrating the data natural frequency, amplification, depth of bedrock, and VS,30. Related to the Eurocode 8
reference and also based on N-SPT. According to the value of Vs 30, the research area can be classified into three types of soil:
C, D and S1.

© 2016
© 2016Published by Elsevier
The Authors. Ltd. This
Published is an open
by Elsevier access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Ltd.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CITIES 2015.
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CITIES 2015
Keywords: Earthquake, Eurocode 8, HVSR, Jember, Kaliwates Microzonation, Mikrotremor, Sumbersari, VS,30.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +62 85729353819; fax: +0-000-000-0000 .

E-mail address: Nurayudiana@yahoo.com

1877-0428 © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CITIES 2015
doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.082
 S.P. Nur Ayu Diana Citra Dewi et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016) 354 – 360 355

1. Introduction

Java Island is located in the subduction zone plate that has high seismicity. The danger resulted from earthquakes
are categorized into three, the effect of the soil vibrations directly, the effect on the soil surface caused by the fault
or deformation, and the effects triggered by vibrations such as the tsunami or landslides. Jember in East Java is an
area prone to landslides caused rain and seismic activity, although each year reported landslides because heavy rain.
Significant seismic activity felt in Jember since 1981 until 2014.
Conditions geological map cantered on the District Kaliwates and Sumbersari, Jember. It appears that the
geographical condition of Jember have Argopuro Mountains in the north, Raung Mount in the northeast, while in
the south-east there are mountains that stretches from east to west.
Seismic microzonation is the process of dividing a zone into smaller zones by local geological responses to
earthquakes. This response, depending on the structure of the subsurface. Seismic microzonation is the process of
dividing a zone into smaller zones based on the response the local geology to earthquakes. The characteristics and
value of this response is determined by the condition of the soil and rocks in the subsurface structures.
Microzonation effort is an effort to improve the accuracy and precision of estimating the characteristics of the
seismicity of the region.
Microzonation performed using data microtremor analysis. Microtremor is a soil vibrations with amplitudes
several micrometers that can be caused by natural events or man-made, such as wind, waves, vibrations of the
vehicle. Microtremor detection tool has three sensor components, two sensors horizontal and one vertical sensor.
The damage to buildings caused earthquakes depend on subsurface structures, in this case the secondary speed
(VS) (Herak et al., 2009). As disclosed Daryono, et al (2008) that the damage to the buildings affected by the natural
frequencies and proportional to the amplification, which occurs because multireflection wave that occurs in
sedimentary layers. And both of these parameters depend on the below the surface Vs value.
The Surface Vs value obtained from the inversion HVSR curve is used to estimate V S,30 which is useful for soil
classification based on the vibration strength of the earthquake caused local effects (Roser and Gosar, 2010). Thus,
as disclosed by Roser and Gosar (2010) value V S,30 can be used to estimate the danger of earthquakes and
earthquake resistant standard foundation with soil classification recognition based on Eurocode 8 setting.
This study is expected to classify the vibration and subsurface geological characteristics which caused damage to
buildings as well as foundation type for building simple house with 2 floors in Jember accordance with the results of
microtremor data processing. Microtremor measurement spread in District Kaliwates and Sumbersari, Jember as
many 61 points.

Fig. 1. The Location Point Microtremor Research

356 S.P. Nur Ayu Diana Citra Dewi et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016) 354 – 360

2. Methods

Elastic properties of near-surface materials and their effects on seismic wave propagation are very important in
earthquake and civil engineering, and in environmental and earth science studies. The increase of amplitudes in soft
sediments is one of the most important factors responsible for the amplification of earthquake motions.
Amplification is proportional to:
ߩܾܸ‫ܾ ݏ‬
‫ܣ‬ൌ
ߩ‫ݏݏܸݏ‬
(1)

Where V s is the shear wave velocity and ρ is the density of the investigated soil (Aki & Richards 1980). Since
density is relatively constant with depth, the V s value can be used to represent site conditions. A thorough
assessment of shallow shear wave velocity is crucial for earthquake-hazard assessment studies (Wald & Mori 2000).
The average shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m (V S,30) should be computed in accordance with the following
expression:
͵Ͳ
ܸ‫ݏ‬ǡ͵Ͳ ൌ
‫݅ܪ‬
σܰ
݅ൌͳ ܸ
‫݅ݏ‬

(2)

where hi and vi denote the thickness (in meters) and shear-wave velocity (at a shear strain level of 10−5 or less)
of the its formation or layer, in a total of N, existing in the top 30 m. V s 30 was accepted for site classification in the
USA (NEHRP) by the UBC (Uniform Building Code) in 1997 (Dobry et al. 2000), and also in the new provisions of
Eurocode 8 (Sabetta & Bommer 2002; Sˆeco e Pinto 2002). The UBC classification was applied for site condition
mapping in California (Wills et al. 2000). The determinations of V s data were carried out in boreholes, using
downhole or cross hole methods. Such measurements are not cost-effective because several boreholes need to be
drilled, and this tends to cause difficulties in urban areas. Surface seismic methods, the best alternatives to borehole
measurements, are also applicable for velocity determination. P and S reflection/refraction data were used for
compressional and shear wave velocity determination in Seattle (Williams et al. 1999). However, refraction methods
cannot handle velocity inversions and close refractors (hidden layers). The data may be very sensitive to heavy
traffic and artificial environment (basements of buildings, cellars, drains and sewers). In addition, long arrays are
necessary for deep investigations, which make it difficult to find suitable locations for measurements in urban areas.
In recent years, the possibilities of surface wave analysis have been increased with the development of powerful
computers. This type of analysis is based on the dispersive nature of surface waves in layered or heterogeneous
media.

3. Result and Discussions

From the results of data acquisition micro tremor file seed form, processed using software Geopsy. The data
processing with HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) methods which is the ratio of the horizontal and
vertical amplitude spectrum with the following equation 1:

ඥிಿೄ ሺ்ሻమ ାிಶೈ ሺ்ሻమ

ܴሺܶሻ ൌ ிೋ ሺ்ሻ
(3)

With:
R(T) = ratio spectrum of vertical to horizontal (H/ V)
FNS, FEW and FZ in consecutive Fourier Spectrum in NS, EW and Z (vertical).
 S.P. Nur Ayu Diana Citra Dewi et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016) 354 – 360 357

Soil micro-tremor data in the software Geopsy is done election stationary window not overlapping between 20-
50 seconds. Soil microtremor data from windows election result. Fourier spectrum analysis is done to change the
initial data acquisition, form of a time domain into the frequency domain. The result of FFT by Konno Ohmachi
smoothing with coefficient bandwidth 40. Processing continues with the analysis HVSR to obtain HVSR value
indicated by the highest peak HVSR curve is considered as the natural frequency of the soil.

Fig. 2. Flow Chart of HVSR Curve Analysis on Soil Microtremor Processing Data

Fig. 3 Provisions of H/V Curve Election

(SESAME European research project WP12 – Deliverable D23.12.[10])

3.1 HVSR Inversion

After initialization of the initial model, then the boundary conditions specified initial parameters and
parameter inversion. Such as a minimum value for V S, VP / VS, ρ, h, and QP /QS, the maximum value for the VP /VS,
ρ, h, and QP/QS. Input from this inversion processing is HVSR curve (Figure 2 and Figure 3) the results of Geopsy
software processing is meant, then the precision between HVSR curve estimation results of inversion and
observation is obtained, VS and VP curve below the surface inversion results and error functions.
358 S.P. Nur Ayu Diana Citra Dewi et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016) 354 – 360

Fig. 4. GUI HVSR model Inversion

3.2 Analysis and 3D modeling of Vs distribution

The VS value of subsurface is obtained by HVSR curve inversion with HVSR model software, developed
by Herak (2008) by using Monte Carlo methods of propagation. This inversion is done with initialization 6 initial
model parameters (VP, VS, h, ρ, QP, and QS) which obtained by drill data from the study area. From HVSR
curve inversion results have been obtained carried scatter S wave velocity (VS) below the surface at each point
of acquisition. Together with information from each acquisition point that form position acquisition point in the
UTM form and elevation, made plotting scatter of Vs value at any acquisition point by using server
software presented as in Figure 5. The parameters used in this mapping is the S wave velocity because
this parameter is the most important parameter for the mitigation of earthquakes (local effect).

(b) (c)
(a)

(d) (e) (f)

Fig. 5. The Vs Mapping in depth of 5 m (a), depth of 10 m (b), depth of 15 m (c), depth of 20 m (d), depth of 25 m (e), depth of 30 m (f)

3.3 The VS,30 Mapping

From VS, 30 microzonation map gained and referring based on soil classification based on CEN (2004), it is
known that the soil area of this research can be classified on the soil type C, D and S1. The criteria can be classified
 S.P. Nur Ayu Diana Citra Dewi et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 (2016) 354 – 360 359

into Type C is sand deposits of solid or semi-solid thick, gravel or clay dense with a thickness of several tens to
hundreds of meters with VS,30 180-360 m/s and NSPT 15-50, then type D is the deposition of soil cohesion is low to
moderate (with or without multiple low cohesion layers), or mainly on low cohesion soil VS,30 <180 and NSPT <15,
then type S1 is the sediment consists of or contains, with a layers thickness of 10 m, the soil soft clay or silty clays
with plasticity and high water content with a value Vs <100. According to the V S,30 value, the study area owned can
be classified into three types of soil, soil types C, D and S1. Soil type and soil type D spread in almost all regions
Sumbersari and Kaliwates. The study area is include of soil type S1 which is an alluvium soil that has a value V S, 30
under 100 m/s. This suggests that some of the research area has soil that is soft conditions.

Fig. 6. The VS,30 Micronization Mapping

4. Conclusions

In the study area has an average V S value is low, which is about 50-300 m/s. This identifies that the subsurface
soil in the study area is dominated by a layer of sediment that is alluviumly. According to the V S,30 value, the study
area can be classified into three types of soil, namely soil types C, D and S1. Soil type and soil type D spread in
almost all regions Sumbersari and Kaliwates.
However, several areas of research included in soil type S1 which is an alluvium soil that has a V S, 30 value
below 100 m/s. This suggests that some areas in Jember have soil that is soft conditions. Subsurface geological
characteristics is obtain damage to the building where the area prone to damage in the northern area of research with
a Vs value and a low of which is a type of soft soil with damage large building.

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