(Amitesh Vijay Mourya)

1
nit - 3

Preparation of preliminary and detailed estimates working out estimates for

buildings whose plans, section and elevations are given.

Working out cost of construction based upon the plinth area rates, covered
ea rates etc.

Rate analysis of various items concrete, RCC brickwork etc. using the market
es CPWD (97) of materials and labor.

CPWD schedule of rates latest edition of 1997. Rates as given in schedule to

used as guidelines for making estimates.
Definition : In order to determine the rate of a particular item, the
actors affecting the rate of that item are studied carefully and then
nally a rate is decided for that item. This process of determining the
ates of an item is termed as analysis of rates or rate analysis.
e rates of particular item of work depends on the following.
Specifications of works and material about their quality, proportion
and constructional operation method.
Quantity of materials and their costs.
Cost of labours and their wages.
Location of site of work and the distances from source and
conveyance charges.
Overhead and establishment charges
Profit
ost of materials at source and at site of construction.
he costs of materials are taken as delivered at site inclusive of the
ansport local taxes and other charges.

urpose of Analysis of rates:

To work out the actual cost of per unit of the items.
To work out the economical use of materials and processes in
ompleting the particulars item.
To work out the cost of extra items which are not provided in the contract
ond, but are to be done as per the directions of the department.
To revise the schedule of rates due to increase in the cost of material
nd labour or due to change in technique.
 st of labour -types of labour, standard schedule of rates
e labour can be classified into
Skilled 1st class
Skilled 2nd Class
un skilled

e labour charges can be obtained from the standard schedule of rates

% of the skilled labour provided in the data may be taken as Ist class,
maining 70% as II class. The rates of materials for Government works
e fixed by the superintendent Engineer for his circle every year and
proved by the Board of Chief Engineers. These rates are incorporated
he standard schedule of rates.
ead statement: The distance between the source of availability of material
nd construction site is known as "Lead " and is expected in Km. The cost
conveyance of material depends on lead.
his statement will give the total cost of materials per unit item. It includes
st cost, conveyance loading, unloading stacking, charges etc.
he rate shown in the lead statement are for metalled road and include
ading and staking charges . The environment lead on the metalled roads
e arrived by multiplying by a factor
a) for metal tracks - lead x 1.0
b) For cartze tracks - Lead x 1.1
c) For Sandy tracks - lead x 1.4
he Analysis of Rates is usually worked out for the unit of
ayment of the particular items of work under two heads:
1. MATERIALS
2. LABOUR

or 1m3 wet concrete = 1.52m3 dry concrete approximately

P. Wt of concrete= 1440 kg/m3 (or) 1.44 t/m3
bag of cement = 50 Kg
BASIC RATES - LABOUR
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