LITERATURE

STUDY
By
Kataru Lohith Krishna
Reg No:RA1811201010070
RECYCLING

Recycled materials adapted for low-

cost housing include wood and Recycled glass and metal are also
rubber that are previously been used used on occasion.

Reprocessed into materials that are These recycled materials are often
used in building walls and other parts less expensive than using fully
of a house. natural products
 THE HOUSING UNIT DESIGN

Reduce the length of the wall as much as

possible. The ratio of the perimeter to the
plinth should be low.
Go for a simplistic design with lesser offsets.
Optimise on the number of doors and sizes
of windows
The wet yet core areas, such as toilets and
kitchen should be clubbed together.
Reduce or eliminate altogether the circulation
areas.
Construct common walls between two
housing units.
Reuse designs, rotate floorplans,
and reduce costs
Developers already rely on repeated
unit layouts to create more efficient
designs and a simpler construction
process for contractors.
rotating and mirroring can be used at
the building or unit scale to create
variation at little cost.
STRATEGIES FOR MORE EFFICIENT BUILDING SERVICES

Incorporating best practices for plumbing

(such as stacking and standardizing kitchens
and bathrooms) and developing building
layouts that use elevators efficiently can help
to control the costs of services.
When designing a unit, stacking “wet” walls for
kitchens and bathrooms vertically and placing
them back-to-back reduces plumbing
complexity and cost.
BUILDINGS DESIGNED AROUND A CENTRAL
STAIRCASE CONSERVE SPACE AND MONEY
Use materials available locally as far as possible
Select the materials on the basis of their life cycle
costs rather than the present cost.
Choose Rat Trap bond walling systems
Wherever possible, Jalies should be used in place BUILDING
of windows.
Easy-to-handle prefabricated components MATERIALS
should be used as far as possible.
Encourage the use of Ferrocement
Make use of Adobe (clay) construction
extensively.
Avoid complex construction systems
 Foundation
CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUE
Wall

Lintel

Roof
 FOUNDATION
The foundation cost comes to about 10 to 15% of the
total building.
Suggested to adopt arch foundation in ordinary soil for
effecting reduction in construction cost up to 40%.
In the case black cotton and other soft soils it is
recommend to use under ream pile foundation which
saves about 20 to 25% in cost over the conventional
method of construction.
 WALL
Making use of Rat - trap bond wall &
Concrete block wall.
It is a cavity wall construction and leads to
reduction in the quantity of bricks required
for masonry work
By adopting this method of bonding of
brick masonry compared to traditional
English or Flemish bond masonry, it is
possible to reduce in the material cost of
bricks by 25% and about 10to 15% in the
masonry cost.
By adopting rat-trap bond method one can
create aesthetically pleasing wall surface
and plasterina can be avoided.
 LINTEL
The traditional R.C.C. lintels
which are costly can be replaced
by brick arches for small spans
and save construction cost up to
30 to 40% over the traditional
method of construction.
By adopting arches of different
shapes a good architectural
pleasing appearance can be given
to the external wall surfaces of the
brick masonry.