Physics 220 - Final Exam - Summer 2014

Version 31 - Answer Key

Page 1 of 20

1. A pendulum on the Earth has a period T. The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is
less than that on the Earth, and the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is even
less than on Mars. Identical pendulums have the same mass and length. Where would
the period of an identical pendulum be the smallest?

4 The period is smallest on the Earth.

(a)
(b) The period is the same on the Earth, the Moon, and Mars.
(c) The period is smallest on Mars.
(d) The period is smallest on the Moon.
(e) The period is smallest on both Mars and the Moon.
Solution:
The period of a pendulum is given by:
s
L
T = 2π
g

The length of the pendulum does not change. The acceleration due to gravity (g) changes
on the Earth, the Moon, and Mars. The smallest period is when the acceleration due to
gravity (g) is the largest. This occurs on the Earth.
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2. Joule’s machine is shown on the right. A block with a

mass of 6.1 kg is dropped some distance (z). A rope
is attached both to the block and to a pulley which
is connected to a rotating paddle. When the block
drops, the paddle turns causing the temperature of the
water to increase. If the mass of the water is 0.3 kg,
what distance (z) must the mass drop to increase the
temperature of the water by 0.5 ◦ C? (Assume that
there is no friction.)

(a) 50.00 m
(b) 8.35 m
4 10.50 m
(c)
(d) 20.07 m
(e) 2.46 m
Solution:
Energy is conserved. The potential energy of the block is converted into the heat energy
of the water. This gives the following:

Einitial = Ef inal
P Einitial = Qf inal
mblock gz = mwater cwater ∆T

Solving for z:
mwater cwater ∆T (0.3)(4186)(0.5)
z= = = 10.50 m
mblock g (6.1)(9.8)
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3. Which of the following changes the speed of sound in air?

(a) frequency
4 temperature
(b)
(c) period
(d) amplitude
(e) wavelength
Solution:
The speed of sound depends in a medium only depends on the properties of the medium.
The temperature of the air changes the speed of sound in air.
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4. A treasure chest filled with gold has a mass of 930 kg and is sitting at the bottom of the
ocean in a place that is 2.6 m deep. A chain is attached to the treasure chest so that
the treasure chest can be pulled up to the surface. Since the treasure chest is filled with
gold, assume that the chest has the density of gold. Assume the ocean water has the
density of regular water. What force is required to lift the treasure chest?

(a) 4,722 N
(b) 3,274 N
(c) 15,205 N
4 8,642 N
(d)
(e) 9,978 N
Solution:
There are three forces acting on the treasure chest: the force of gravity, tension in the
chain, and the force of buoyancy. The sum of the forces for the treasure chest gives the
following:

ΣFy : T + FB − Fg = ma
T + FB − Fg = 0

Solving for tension:

T = Fg − FB
T = mchest g − ρwater Vchest g

The volume of the chest can be found using the density and mass:
m mchest
ρ= → Vchest =
V ρgold

Substituting this into the tension equation gives:

 
mchest
T = mchest g − ρwater g
ρgold
 
930
T = (930)(9.8) − (1000) (9.8)
19, 300
T = 8,642 N
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5. A certain string has a mass of 0.15 kg and a length of 0.64 m. A tension of 39 N is

applied to the string. What is the velocity of a wave on the string?

(a) 0.69 m/s

(b) 166.40 m/s
4 12.90 m/s
(c)
(d) 15.05 m/s
(e) 3.02 m/s
Solution:
The velocity of a wave on a string is given by:
s
T
v=
µ

The mass density is the mass divided by the length. (µ = M/L) Substituting this into
the previous equation gives the following:
r r
TL (39)(0.64)
v= = = 12.90 m/s
M 0.15
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6. An air bubble ascends from the bottom of a lake that is 22.3 m deep. The temperature
at the bottom of the lake is 263 K, and near the surface the temperature is 289 K. If
the volume of the bubble is 83.6 m3 at top of the lake, what is the volume of the bubble
at the bottom of the lake?

(a) 29.10 m3
4 24.10
(b) m3
(c) 41.88 m3
(d) 35.26 m3
(e) 17.84 m3
Solution:

P V = nRT
The number of moles is constant. From the Ideal Gas Law, this gives the following ratio:

Pbot Vbot P V
= top top
Tbot Ttop

The pressure at the top of the lake is atmospheric pressure. Ptop = 1.013 × 105 Pa. The
pressure at the bottom of the lake depends on the depth, as shown:

Pbot = Ptop + ρgh

Pbot = 1.013 × 105 + (1000)(9.8)(22.3)
Pbot = 319.84 × 103 Pa

Solving for the volume at the bottom of the lake:

Ptop Vtop Tbot
Vbot =
Pbot Ttop
(1.013 × 105 )(83.6)(263)
Vbot =
(319.84 × 103 )(289)
Vbot = 24.10 m3
Version 31 - Answer Key Physics 220 - Final Exam - Summer 2014 Page 7 of 20

7. Two metal blocks are placed in a room and have the same initial temperature. Both
blocks are made of steel, and both blocks are heated by the same amount (Q). Block Two
has twice the mass of Block One. How does the change in temperature of Block One
compare to the change in temperature of the Block Two?

(a) ∆Tone = ∆Ttwo /2

(b) ∆Tone = ∆Ttwo /4
(c) ∆Tone = 4 ∆Ttwo
(d) ∆Tone = ∆Ttwo
4 ∆Tone = 2 ∆Ttwo
(e)
Solution:
Both blocks are heated by the same amount, which gives the following:

Qone = Qtwo
mone csteel ∆Tone = mtwo csteel ∆Ttwo
mone ∆Tone = mtwo ∆Ttwo

Block Two has twice the mass of Block One, which means mtwo = 2 mone . This gives
the following:

mone ∆Tone = (2 mone )∆Ttwo

∆Tone = 2 ∆Ttwo

The temperature change in Block One is twice the temperature change in Block Two.
Version 31 - Answer Key Physics 220 - Final Exam - Summer 2014 Page 8 of 20

8. A speaker with a power of 34 W is playing music. What is the sound intensity level of
the music at a distance of 22 m? Assume that the sound can only be heard in front of
the speaker and not behind it.

(a) 36.4 dB
4 100.5 dB
(b)
(c) 180.4 dB
(d) 78.5 dB
(e) 11.2 dB
Solution:
In order to find the sound intensity level, first the intensity must be calculated. Since
the sound only goes in front of the speaker, the area is half of the surface area of a
sphere, which is 2πr2 . The intensity is found by:
Power Power 34
I= = 2
= 2
= 1.118 × 10−2 W/m2
Area 2πr 2π(22)

The sound intensity level is given by:

I
β = (10 dB) log10
I0
1.118 × 10−2
= (10 dB) log10
1 × 10−12
= (10 dB) log10 (1.118 × 1010 )
= (10 dB)(10.05)
= 100.5 dB
Version 31 - Answer Key Physics 220 - Final Exam - Summer 2014 Page 9 of 20

9. A 2.9 kg mass is attached to a spring on a table. Assume that there is no friction. The
mass oscillates with a period of 9.5 s. If the maximum amplitude of the mass is 5.3 m,
what is the maximum velocity of the mass on the spring?

(a) 1.92 m/s

(b) 1.44 m/s
(c) 0.62 m/s
(d) 6.37 m/s
4 3.51 m/s
(e)
Solution:
The angular velocity can be found from the period as shown:
2π 2π
ω= = = 0.66 rad/s
T 9.5
The max velocity is given by:

vmax = A ω = (5.3 m)(0.66 rad/s) = 3.51 m/s

‘
Version 31 - Answer Key Physics 220 - Final Exam - Summer 2014 Page 10 of 20

10. A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 102 N perpendicular to the plane of the
door, 1.5 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through
the hinges.

(a) 68.0 Nm
4 153.0 Nm
(b)
(c) 0.0 Nm
(d) 280.4 Nm
(e) 137.3 Nm
Solution:
Torque about an axis is equal to the radius times the force times the sine of the angle
between the force and distance.

τ = rF sin(θ) = (1.5 m)(102 N)(sin(90)) = 153.0 Nm

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11. A suction cup has an air pressure of 20.0 kPa inside the suction cup when it is attached
to a ceiling. The suction cup covers an area of 2.04 cm2 , and a mass is hanging from
the suction cup. What is the largest mass that the suction cup can hold before falling?

(a) 1.18 kg
(b) 0.42 kg
(c) 2.81 kg
4 1.69 kg
(d)
(e) 16.59 kg
Solution:
The suction cup is held up because of the force due to the difference of pressure inside
and outside of the suction cup. The pressure outside is atmospheric pressure. Sum of
the forces for the suction cup:

ΣFy : Fout − Fin − T = ma = 0

Pout A − Pin A − T = 0
(Pout − Pin )A = T

Sum of the forces for the hanging mass

ΣFy : T − Fg = ma = 0
T = Fg = mg

Substituting the second equation into the first and solving for mass gives:

(Pout − Pin )A (101.3 × 103 − 20.0 × 103 )(2.04 × 10−4 )

m= = = 1.69 kg
g (9.8)
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12. A heat engine has two reservoirs, one at a temperture of 350 K, and the other at 900 K.
The heat engine takes 8,400 J of heat from the hot reservoir, expels 7,400 J of heat to
the cold reservoir, and does 1,000 J of work. Which of the following is true about this
heat engine?

(a) This heat engine is possible since the entropy of the system decreases.
(b) This heat engine is possible but is an ideal reversible heat engine.
4 This heat engine is possible and is a regular irreversible heat engine.
(c)
(d) This heat engine is not allowed by the second law of thermodynamics.
(e) This heat engine is not allowed by the first law of thermodynamics.
Solution:
The highest possible efficiency for a heat engine is for an ideal or irreversible heat engine
and is given by:
Tc
eideal = 1 −
Th
350
eideal =1−
900
eideal = 1 − 0.39
eideal = 0.61

The efficiency for a real heat engine is given by:

W
e=
QH
1,000
e=
8,400
e = 0.12

This heat engine is possible since the calculated efficiency is less than the ideal efficiency.
Version 31 - Answer Key Physics 220 - Final Exam - Summer 2014 Page 13 of 20

13. A container has a volume of 5.76 m3 and holds 15.8 moles of an ideal gas. The pressure
in the container is 83.5 kPa. Wat is the temperature of the gas?

(a) 6,713.40 K
(b) 90.57 K
4 3,663.12 K
(c)
(d) 580.08 K
(e) 1,104.10 K
Solution:

P V = nRT
From the Ideal Gas Law, solving for temperature gives:

PV (83.5 × 103 Pa)(5.76 m3 )

T = = = 3,663.12 K
nR (15.8 mol)(8.31 J/(K mol))
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14. A cart with a mass of 3.3 kg is pushed to the right with a velocity of 8.8 m/s. A second
cart with a mass of 7.5 kg is in front of the first cart and is moving to the right with a
velocity of 3.2 m/s. The first cart collides with the back of the second cart in an ines-
lastic collision. After the collision, the first cart moves with a final velocity of 0.5 m/s.
What is the final velocity of the second cart?

(a) 7.77 m/s

(b) 1.85 m/s
(c) 16.57 m/s
4 6.85 m/s
(d)
(e) 8.57 m/s
Solution:
Momentum is converserved for all collisions. Conservation of Momentum gives the fol-
lowing:

p~1,i + p~2,i = p~1,f + p~2,f

m1~v1,i + m2~v2,i = m1~v1,f + m2~v2,f

This problem only has motion in one direction (the x-direction) so only the x-components
of the momentum are needed, and the notation can be simplified.

m1 v1,i + m2 v2,i = m1 v1,f + m2 v2,f

Solving for v2,f :

m1 v1,i + m2 v2,i − m1 v1,f
v2,f =
m2
(3.3 kg)(8.8 m/s) + (7.5 kg)(3.2 m/s) − (3.3 kg)(0.5 m/s)
=
7.5 kg
= 6.85 m/s
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15. A figure skater initially has her arms extended. She starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s.
She then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following happens?

4 She spins at a higher angular velocity.

(a)
(b) She spins at the same angular velocity.
(c) Her angular momentum increases.
(d) Her angular momentum decreases.
(e) She spins at a lower angular velocity.
Solution:
Angular momentum of the system is convserved.
~ skater,initial = L
L ~ skater,final
Iskater,initial ω
~ skater,initial = Iskater,final ω
~ skater,final
2 2
mskater rskater,initial ω
~ skater,initial = mskater rskater,final ω ~ skater,final

As the figure skater pulls in her arms, her radius decreases. In order to conserve angular
momentum, her angular speed (ω) increases.
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16. The equation for a traveling wave is:

y(x, t) = (3.7 m) sin(83 t − 7.7 x)

I) What is the amplitude of the wave?

II) What is the frequency of the wave?
III) What is the wavelength of the wave?

4 I) 3.7 m
(a) II) 13.21 Hz III) 0.82 m
(b) I) 3.7 m II) 6.17 Hz III) 1.94 m
(c) I) 7.7 m II) 0.82 Hz III) 13.21 m
(d) I) 7.7 m II) 13.21 Hz III) 1.94 m
(e) I) 3.7 m II) 0.82 Hz III) 13.21 m
Solution:
The equation for a traveling wave is given by:

y(x, t) = A sin(ω t − k x)
2π
y(x, t) = A sin(2πf t − x)
λ
From the equation given in the problem, the amplitude (A) is 3.7 m. The angular fre-
quency (ω) is 83 rad/s. and the wave number (k) is 7.7 m−1 .

The frequency (f) is related to the angular frequency (ω) and can be found by the
following:
ω 83
ω = 2πf →f = = = 13.21 Hz
2π 2π
The wavelength (λ) is related to the wave number (k) and can be found by the following:
2π 2π 2π
k= →λ= = = 0.82 m
λ k 7.7
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17. A Pitot-Static tube is used to measure pressure in

order to find an airplane’s velocity. The pressure at 1,
where the velocity of air is zero, is 5.33 ×104 Pa, and
the pressure at 2 is 2.53 ×104 Pa. The airplane is flying
at an altitude where the density of air is 0.77 kg/m3 .
What is the velocity of the airplane?

(a) 229.38 m/s

(b) 200.33 m/s
(c) 499.50 m/s
(d) 372.09 m/s
4 269.69 m/s
(e)
Solution:
The height of point 1 and point 2 are similar and aproximately zero. The velocity of
point 1 is zero. This gives the following:
1 1 2
P1 + ρv12 + ρgh1 = P2 + ρv + ρgh2
2 2 2
1 1 2
P1 + ρ(0)2 + ρg(0) = P2 + ρv + ρg(0)
2 2 2
1
P1 = P2 + ρv22
2
Solving for v2 :
s r
2(P1 − P2 ) 2(5.33 × 104 − 2.53 × 104 )
v2 = = = 269.69 m/s
ρ 0.77
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18. A ball with a mass of 2.3 kg is thrown up at a 67.6◦ angle above the horizontal. The
ball initially has a velocity of 54.9 m/s and starts approximately on the ground. How
long is the ball in the air before it hits the ground?

(a) 12.30 s
(b) 5.18 s
(c) 2.13 s
4 10.36 s
(d)
(e) 2.36 s
Solution:
The initial velocity in the x-direction and y-direction are given by:

v0x = v0 cos θ v0y = v0 sin θ

The ball is being thrown straight up. At the very top, the velocity in the y-direction
is zero (vfy = 0). The acceleration in the y-direction is -9.8 m/s2 . Use the kinematic
equation with velocity, time, and acceleration.

vfy = v0y + ay t

Solving for time gives:

vfy − v0y 0 − v0 sin θ −(54.9 m/s) sin 67.6◦
t= = = = 5.18 s
a a −9.8 m/s2

The total time the ball in in the air is twice the time it takes for the ball to travel to
the top of its path.
ttotal = 2t = 2(5.18 s) = 10.36 s
Version 31 - Answer Key Physics 220 - Final Exam - Summer 2014 Page 19 of 20

Refer to the following P-V diagram for Problem 19 and Problem 20.

In the figure above, P1 = 30.2 kPa, P2 = 62.1 kPa, P3 = 88.1 kPa, V1 = 2.24 m3 , and
V2 = 7.01 m3 .
19. A gas undergoes a two part process from A to C as shown in the P-V diagram above.
The first part is from A to B and the second from B to C. What is the work done by
the gas during this process (all parts from A to C)?

(a) −420.24 kJ
4 +358.23 kJ
(b)
(c) +741.87 kJ
(d) −296.22 kJ
(e) +144.57 kJ
Solution:
The work for A → B is the area under the curve which can be broken up into a rectange
and a triangle. This gives the following:
WAB = P2 (V2 − V1 ) + (1/2)(P3 − P2 )(V2 − V1 )
= (62.1 kPa)(7.01 m3 − 2.24 m3 ) + (1/2)(88.1 kPa − 62.1 kPa)(7.01 m3 − 2.24 m3 )
= 296.22 kJ + 62.01 kJ
= 358.23 kJ
The work done on a PV-diagram is the area under the curve. Now calculate the total
work:
WA→C = WAB + WBC
WA→C = WAB + PBC ∆VBC
WA→C = WAB + PBC (0)
WA→C = WAB + 0 = 358.23 kJ
Physics 220/Final Exam – Page 20 of 20 – SOLUTIONS

20. After going through the two part process from A to C as explained in Problem 19, the
gas undergoes another two part process. Part one is from C to D, and part two is from D
to A. The gas has now undergone one complete cycle and is back at A (where it started).
What is the work done by the gas during the entire cycle (all four parts A-B-C-D-A)?

(a) +406.09 kJ
(b) +33.26 kJ
(c) −296.22 kJ
(d) −220.14 kJ
4 +214.17 kJ
(e)
Solution:
The work done on a PV-diagram is the area under the curve.

WA→A = WAB + WBC + WCD + WDA

WA→A = WAB + PBC ∆VBC + WCD + PDA ∆VDA
WA→A = WAB + PBC (0) + WCD + PDA (0)
WA→A = WAB + WCD

From Problem 19:

WAB = P2 (V2 − V1 ) + (1/2)(P3 − P2 )(V2 − V1 )

= (62.1 kPa)(7.01 m3 − 2.24 m3 ) + (1/2)(88.1 kPa − 62.1 kPa)(7.01 m3 − 2.24 m3 )
= 296.22 kJ + 62.01 kJ
= 358.23 kJ

The work for D → A is found by the following:

WCD = P1 (V1 − V2 ) = (30.2 kPa)(2.24 m3 − 7.01 m3 ) = −144.05 kJ

Now calculate the total work:

WA→A = WAB + WCD = 358.23 kJ + −144.05 kJ = 214.17 kJ