Embedded System Introduction

ANDES Confidential WWW.ANDESTECH.COM

™Embedded System vs Desktop

Page 2
™相同點
ƒ CPU
ƒ Storage
ƒ I/O
™相異點
ƒ Desktop
‧可執行多種功能
‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為複雜
ƒ Embedded System
‧執行特定功能
‧作業系統對於系統資源的管理較為簡單

Page 3
System Layer

Application Application

Operating System Operating System

Firmware Firmware Firmware

Hardware Hardware Hardware

Desktop computer Complex embedded Simple embedded

computer computer

Page 4
Hardware Architecture
Desktop Computer System Hardware Architecture

CPU

AGP Slot North Bridge Memory

PCI Interface

USB Interface South Bridge IDE Interface

System BIOS ISA Interface Super IO Port

Page 5
Hardware Architecture
Embedded System Computer Hardware Architecture

ADC CPU SPI

Digital I/O ROM IIC

Host RAM Timers

Computer UART
Bus Interface Memory

Network
Interface I/O

Page 6
™What is the Embedded System?

Page 7
Introduction

™Challenges in embedded system design.

™Design methodologies.

Page 8
Embedded System ?

• An embedded system is a special-purpose

computer system designed to perform one or a
few dedicated functions
• with real-time computing constraints
• include hardware, software and mechanical
parts

Page 9
Embedding a computer

Page 10
Components of an embedded system

™Characteristics
ƒ Low power
ƒ Closed operating environment
ƒ Cost sensitive

Page 11
Components of an embedded system

I/O Devices

Remote
user Processing Units
interface Comm. (microprocessors,
link microcontrollers, Storage Media
DSP’s, ASIC’s)
Data server
(e.g., CIM host)
Local Local
user memory
interface

Page 12
Embedded Processor
™How To Design A Good Embedded Processor?
ƒ Understand the functional requirements of the
applications
ƒ Know all the related design techniques
• Software
– C/C++
– Assembly
• Hardware
– Verilog/VHDL
– PCB
ƒ Select those features you want, and abandon those
that you don’t need
ƒ Evaluate the design, goal: either the fastest possible for
future expansion reasons, or slowest possible for cost
reasons
Page 13
The processing units (1/2)

™Microprocessor vs. Microcontrollers

ƒ Meeting the I/O needs
ƒ Software development platform
ƒ Operating system support
ƒ Operating system popularity (e.g., Windows CE,
Embedded Linux)

Page 14
The processing units (2/2)

™DSP’s vs. generic processors

ƒ Computation capability
ƒ Dedicated hardware for sophisticated algorithms, e.g.,
FFT
ƒ I/O capability
ƒ Software development platform
ƒ Multi-processor support

Page 15
Applications
™Personal digital assistant
™Printer
™GPS
™Cell phone
™Automobile: engine, brakes, etc.
™Television
™Set-Top Box

Page 16
Embedded Systems Connect Your Life
Consumer
Electronics
Domain

Media Center PC
BT Keyboard
& Mouse
Digital Cable
Ready TV
Media Phone
PC Media Player Cable STB `
DVD+PVR
Printer HDTV
Camera

802.11 MP3 Game System

Router IP Home Stereo
Player

Network BT Stereo HS
Storage Notebook PC Mobile
Phone
VoIP
Phone

MAC

Internet
Page 17 PC Domain
ANDES Confidential
Embedded Systems Connect Your Life (cont.)

Page 18
Characteristics of Embedded Systems (1/2)

™Sophisticated functionality.
™Real-time operation.
™Low cost.
™Low power.
™Designed to tight deadlines by small teams.

Page 19
Characteristics of Embedded Systems (2/2)

™Sophisticated functionality.
™Real-time operation.
™Low cost.
™Low power.
™Designed to tight deadlines by small teams.

Page 20
Three key embedded system technologies

™Technology
ƒ A manner of accomplishing a task, especially using
technical processes, methods, or knowledge
™Three key technologies for embedded systems
ƒ Processor technology
ƒ IC technology
ƒ Design technology

Page 21
An embedded system example -- a digital
camera
Digital camera chip
CCD

CCD preprocessor Pixel coprocessor D2A

A2D

lens

JPEG codec Microcontroller Multiplier/Accum

DMA controller Display ctrl

Memory controller ISA bus interface UART LCD ctrl

• Single-functioned -- always a digital camera

• Tightly-constrained -- Low cost, low power, small, fast
• Reactive and real-time -- only to a small extent

Page 22
Thank You

WWW.ANDESTECH.COM