7

SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 6
Heat Transfer

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

7
Lesson
Heat Transfer
1

What’s In

Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. It is present in nature

in many different forms. In your previous modules you were studying about
sound and light energy. This time you will be learning another form of energy.
Let’s check what you have learned about some forms of energy.

Activity 1. Match Me!

Directions: Match the forms of energy in the first column to their
corresponding pictures and descriptions in the second column.
Write the letter of your answer in your science activity notebook.

Form of Energy Description

1. Sound A. Energy that we can feel.

2. Light B. Energy that we can hear.

3. Heat C. Energy that we can see.

Very good! Your answers are correct!

4
 What’s New

I am sure you have experienced touching a mug of hot coffee or taking

out pieces of ice cubes from your freezer, right? These experiences have
something to do with heat, and it is usually associated with temperature.
You can explore more about heat and the necessary conditions for
heat to be transferred from one object to another by performing the next
activity.

Activity 2. Warm me up!

(This activity is adapted from the Science 7 Learner’s Material but is revised on the
assumption that the learners have no laboratory thermometer in their homes.)
Directions: Ask assistance from your parents or any responsible member of
the family while performing this activity to ensure safety,
especially when using hot water.

Never dip your hands in

hot water!

On top of your table prepare the setup as shown in figure 1 below.

After you have prepared all the materials, simultaneously dip your
right hand in the small container of setup 1 and your left hand in
the small container of setup 2 for two minutes. Write your
observations by answering the questions in your science activity
notebook.

Right hand Left hand

Tap
Tap water
water

Hot
Tap
water water

SETUP 1 SETUP 2
5
 Figure 1. The Setups

Questions:
Q1. In which set up your hand did NOT feel change in temperature?
(Setup 1 or Setup 2)
Q2. In which set up your hand did feel change in temperature?
(Setup 1 or Setup 2)
Q3. In which set up is heat transfer taking place?
(Setup 1 or Setup 2)
Q4. What is then the condition necessary for heat to transfer between
objects? Objects must have ____________.
(the same temperature or different temperature)
Q5. Which of the two small containers felt hotter to your hand?
(Setup 1 or Setup 2)
Q6. What do you think is the direction of heat transfer in this setup?
(from tap water to hot water or from hot water to tap water)

Good job! You have noted exactly your observations!

6
 What is It

Heat is a form of energy that is always moving from one object to

another. Heat energy will only transfer if there is difference in temperature
between two objects. In setup 1 of your activities, there was no heat transfer
since the water in the big and small containers have the same temperature.
But in setup 2, heat transferred from hot water in the big container to the cold
water in the small container. The transfer of heat in this setup will stop as
soon as the temperature of the water in the two containers becomes equal.
The direction of heat transfer will always be from higher temperature (hot) to
lower temperature (cold).

Figure 2. Direction of heat transfer

7
 What’s More

Activity 3. Which Way to Go?

Directions: Given the situations below, identify which object has higher
temperature and which has lower temperature. Then, trace the
direction of heat flow using an arrow. Write your answer in your
science activity notebook. (Note: Example is provided for you.)
Object with Object with
Direction of
Situation Higher Lower
Heat Transfer
Temperature Temperature
Example: Taking frozen
food from the freezer
hand food hand  food
with your hand
1. Walking on the road at
noon time with bare feet

2. Drying clothes under

the sun

3. Sun shines on earth

4. Roasting chicken in a
fire

5. Drying hair using

blower

Perfect! You are now ready for the next lesson!

Now, you know already the conditions for heat to transfer. But how
exactly is heat being transferred? There are three methods by which heat can
be transferred from one object or place to another. You will learn about these
methods in the next three lessons of this module.

8
Lesson
Conduction
2

What’s In

Activity 1. Feeling Hot or Cold?

Direction: Study the pictures below. Fill in the blanks based on your
observations in the given situation. Write your answer in your
science activity notebook.
A
In picture A, what can you say on the
temperature of hot and cold objects?
(high or low)
Hot object _____________
Cold object _____________

hand
B Heat transfers from the ______ to the
hot cup
girl’s _______.

ice cube

C Heat transfers from the __________ to the

____________.

hand

That’s great! Your answers are correct!

9
 What’s New

Activity 2. Ouch! It’s hot!

Directions: Ask assistance from your parents or older member of the
family to ensure your safety in doing this activity.

Be careful in pouring
hot water in the cup!

Fill a cup with three-fourths (3/4) of hot water. Dip a metal

spoon in the hot water. After two minutes, touch the spoon
handle. Write your observations by answering the questions
below in your science activity notebook.

Figure 3. A cup with hot water

Questions:
1. What did you feel when you touch the spoon handle? (Hot or cold)
2. Did your hand directly touch the hot water? (Yes or No)
3. In this situation, was heat being transferred to your hand (Yes or No)
4. In what direction did the heat transfer? Choose between A and B.
A. hand  spoon  water
B. water  spoon  hand

Very good! Your observations are correct!

10
 What is It

In activity 2, heat is being transferred from the hot water to your hand
by conduction. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact
between objects. Hot water transferred heat to the spoon. Heat then
transferred from the spoon to your hand.

Figure 4. Arrows showing direction of heat transfer

Conduction can occur in solid, liquid and gas, but it is best observed in
solids. Not all materials conduct heat equally. Some materials readily transfer
heat and they are called conductors. Metals like silver, copper, steel, and
aluminum are good conductors of heat. These materials are commonly used
as heating devices at home like cooking utensils. There are also materials
that conduct heat poorly. They are called insulators. Examples of these are
rubber, plastic, wood, fabrics, water, and air. Insulators are also used in
cooking utensils to prevent burning one’s hand while in contact with hot
objects.

11
 What’s More

Activity 3. Picture Talk

Directions: Study the picture below and answer the given questions. Choose
your answer from the word pool placed beside the picture. Write
your answer in your science activity notebook.

WORD POOL

Kettle pot
Hot stove
Insulator
Conduction

Figure 5. Lifting a pot from a hot stove

Questions:
1. What is the source of heat in this picture? _______
2. What material is in direct contact of the source of heat? _______
3. How is heat transferred from the source to the kettle pot? _____________
4. Why is cloth pot holder used in holding the metal handle of the kettle pot?
It serves as __________ to prevent the hand from burning.

Excellent! All of your answers are correct! You are now ready for the
next lesson.

12
Lesson
Convection
3

What’s In

Before you will proceed to the next method of heat transfer, let’s check
what you have learned about heat transfer by conduction.

Activity 1: TRUE or False

Directions: In your science activity notebook, draw happy face if the

statement is true and sad face if the statement is false.

Statements Reaction

Example:
Heat transfer will stop if the two objects have already
exchanged temperatures.
1. Heat will transfer only when two objects have different
temperatures.
2. Heat transfers from colder to hotter objects.

3. A plastic spoon is a good heat conductor while a metal

spoon is a good heat insulator.
4. Ironing clothes is an example of conduction of heat.

5. Conduction happens only in solid objects.

Wow! You’ve got them right!

13
 What’s New

Activity 2: Moving the Seeds Up and Down!

Directions: This activity needs close supervision by your parents or any

responsible member of the family since you will be dealing with
fire and boiling water.

Be careful in building fire or

turning on the stove!

Half-fill the kettle with water. Place it on top of a burning

firewood or stove. Put two spoonsful of mongo seeds in the
kettle (figure 1). Wait until the water boils and observe what will
happen to the mongo seeds. Write your observations in your
science activity notebook.

Figure 6. Boiling water with mongo seeds

Questions:

1. What did you see on the water as it started to boil? __________________

___________________________________________________________
2. What happened to the mongo seeds as the water continued to boil? _____
____________________________________________________________

Amazing, you have perfect observations!

14
 What is It

Based on your experiment, when you place the kettle on top of the
burning firewood or stove, the metal part at the bottom of the kettle is heated.
As the metal is heated it begins to conduct heat to the water at the bottom of
the kettle. When the water is heated it becomes less dense and moves up to
the surface. The water at the surface is colder compared to the bottom. Since
the water is colder, it has a higher density and it sinks or moves downward to
the bottom of the kettle to replace the rising hot water. In your experiment,
the circulating current of water can be clearly seen through the mongo seeds
that move up and down together with the water as the boiling continues.

Figure 7. Mongo seeds move up and down in boiling water

Heat is transferred from the bottom to the surface of the water by

convection. Convection is the transfer of heat by the actual movement of
fluids such as liquid (like water) or gases (like air) from one place to another.

Another example of heat transfer by convection is the rising of hot air

above the flame and the moving down of air as it is being cooled.

15
 What’s More

Activity 3. Smoke Roller Coaster!

Directions: Ask assistance from your parents or any responsible member of
the family in performing this activity.

Be careful in holding the

lighted rolled paper!

Prepare the setup as shown in figure 3 below. Light the end of

the rolled paper and place it on the opposite side of the lighted
candle. Observe what happens to the smoke from the rolled
paper. Write your observations by answering the questions in
your science activity notebook.

Figure 8. Improvised Two Chimney Setup

Questions:
1. What happened to the smoke from the rolled paper? (moved up or down)
2. Where did the smoke go on the side of the lighted candle? (moved up or
down)
3. Why do you think the smoke moved in this way? It is because the side of

the lighted candle is _______ (hotter or colder) than the opposite side.

That’s awesome! Your answers are all correct! You can now
proceed to the last method of heat transfer.

16
 Lesson
Radiation
4
What’s In

Before you will explore the third method, let us check what you have
learned about conduction and convection.

Activity 1. Crossword Puzzle

Directions: Copy the puzzle in your science activity notebook and fill out the
boxes based on the given clue statements. Choose your answer
from the word pool. (Note: Number 1 is done for you.)
5

4 6

2 WORD POOL

RISE SINK
1
S I N K STEEL WOOD
CONVECTION CONDUCTION

Horizontal
1. Cold water will _______.
2. An example of a conductor.
3. Heat transfer by direct contact.
Vertical
4. Heat transfer by movement of liquids or
gases.
5. An example of an insulator.
6. Hot water will _______.

Very good! Your answers are all correct!

17
 What’s New

Activity 1: Complete Me!

Directions: Study the picture and describe it by completing the statement

below. Write your answer in your science activity notebook.

Figure 9. The sun heating the earth

Heat from the _________ travels millions of kilometers through the

empty _________ before it reaches the _________.

Perfect! You are really smart!

18
 What is It

In the previous lessons you have learned that conduction of heat can
occur in solid, liquid and gas while convection occurs only in liquids and
gases.
In activity 1, heat moves through empty space (outer space) from the
sun to the earth. There is no medium like water, air, nor any solid material
where heat can travel through. This method of heat transfer is called radiation.
Radiation is the transfer of heat by means of electromagnetic waves. Radiate
means to emit, to send out, to release or spread outward from an origin or
source. So the sun, which is the source of heat radiates towards the earth in
the form of electromagnetic waves.

Figure 10. Palm placed near the fire

Radiation can occur through materials or through an empty space or

vacuum. Figure 10 shows the fire radiates heat and transfers it to your hand.
All objects emit (release) and absorb (take in) heat. Hotter objects emit
more heat than colder objects. The sun is so hot that it can send a very great
amount of heat towards the earth. Not all objects absorb heat at the same
speed. Some absorb faster than others. Dark colored objects especially black
objects, absorb heat faster than light, or white objects. This is the reason why,
you will feel hotter and uncomfortable when you will wear black shirts during
hot summer days; so, you better wear white or any light colored shirts.

19
 What’s More

Activity 2: Melt Me Quick!

Directions: Cut a piece of white crayon and black crayon, about one
centimeter each. Be sure that the crayons are of the same brand
and size. Place the white crayon in a white bond paper and the
black crayon in a black art paper. Place both crayons under the
direct heat of the sun for two hours (refer to figure below).
Observe what will happen to the crayons. Draw your observation
in your science activity notebook indicating which crayon melted
the most.

Figure 11. White and black pieces of crayons

Copy this format in your science activity notebook.

Activity 2: Melt Me Quick!

___ crayon melted faster than
___ crayon

Sketch of my observation :

White crayon Black crayon

You are really amazing! Your observation is perfect! You can be a real
scientist someday!

20
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the missing word. Choose your answers
from the given words in the box. Write your answers in your
science activity notebook.

hot cold
energy sink
radiation rise
convection waves
conduction contact

Heat is a form of (1) ________ that always transfer from one object or
place to another. Transfer of heat will take place when there is difference in
temperature between two objects. Naturally, heat flows from (2) ________ to
(3) ________ object. Heat transfer will stop once the two objects reach the
same temperature.
There are three methods of heat transfer. Heat transfer is easiest in
solid objects when they are in direct (4) ________ with each other. This
method of heat transfer is known as (5) ________.
When liquids and gases are heated, they become less dense. Less
dense materials will (6) ________. When these materials are cooled, they
become denser. Denser materials will (7) ________. The rising and sinking of
hot and cold fluids is a method of heat transfer known as (8) ________.
Heat can also be transferred even without the presence of solid and
fluid materials. Heat can be transferred in empty space in the form of
electromagnetic (9) ________. This method of heat transfer is known as (10)
________.

21
 What I Can Do

Thanks to you, Heat Transfer!

Directions: In your own house and surroundings identify examples of

situations or activities that involve any of the three methods of
heat transfer. Draw and explain briefly why it is important to you
and your family. Copy the format given below in your science
activity notebook.

Situation/Activity Method of Heat It is important to us

Transfer involved because…..
Example :
we can wear dry and
Radiation
clean clothes.
1.
Conduction

2.
Convection

3.
Radiation

4.
Conduction

5.
Convection

22
 Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answers in your science activity notebook.

1. Which of the following statements is true about heat transfer?

A. It transfers from cooler to hotter object.
B. It happens only on objects that are in contact.
C. It can be done only in vacuum or empty space.
D. It occurs when objects have different temperatures.
2. You place a warm bottle of juice in ice water. How would you compare the?
temperature of the juice to that of the water after one hour?
A. The same C. Much cooler
B. Much hotter D. A little bit cooler
3. The ice cubes melt as you hold them in your hand. What is the direction of
heat transfer in this situation?
A. ice cube  air C. hand  air
B. hand  ice cube D. ice cube  hand
4. What heat transfer happens when you accidentally burn your finger by
touching fire?
A. Conduction B. Convection C. Dispersion D. Radiation
5. In which of the following can convection currents be set up?
A. Aluminum B. Vacuum C. Water D. Wood
6. What type of heat transfer can occur in a vacuum or empty space?
A. Conduction B. Convection C. Evaporation D. Radiation
7. Your house is burning and you notice that the smoke and flame rise, but
near the floor is colder and less smoky; that’s why you crawl and manage
to get out from your house safely. This observation is an example of what
method of heat transfer?
A. Conduction B. Convection C. Insulation D. Radiation

23
8. Why do some cooking pots coated black? It is because black
surfaces_________
A. reflect more heat. C. are more durable.
B. are easier to clean. D. absorb more heat.

For questions number 9 – 12, refer to the situation and illustration below.

Your mother is preparing a chicken soup for your

dinner using a metal pan place over a hot stove.

9. How does heat travel through the metal pan? The metal pan is heated by
A. Conduction B. Convection. C. Dispersion D. Radiation
10. What method heats up the entire chicken soup?
A. Conduction B. Convection C. Evaporation D. Radiation
11. In what direction does heat travel through the chicken soup inside the
pan?
A. from bottom to top C. from top to bottom
B. sideways to the right D. sideways to the left
12. Your mother stand near the burning stove and felt warm in her stomach.
How does heat from the stove travels sideways to her stomach? Heat
travels through _______.
A. conduction B. convection C. dispersion D. radiation
13. Which of the following situations is an example of heat transfer by
conduction?
A. The spoon used to stir hot coffee is heated.
B. Clothes hanged outside the house are dried
C. The water of the lake over a hot spring is heated.
D. Warm foods in lower compartments of the freezer are cooled.
14. Which of the following examples involves heat transfer by convection?
A. Holding a hot water bottle. C. Boiling water for a hot bath.
C. Stepping on a cold tile floor. D. Drying of wet rug in clothes line.
15. Which of the following activities needs heat transfer by radiation?
A. Ironing clothes C. Frying an egg
B. Drying salted fish D. Freshening a room

24
 Additional Activities

Put Me in The Right Pot!

Directions: The pictures below involve transfer of heat. Classify each picture
as example of heat transfer by CONDUCTION, CONVECTION
or RADIATION. Write Pot A, B or C in your science activity
notebook for each numbered picture.

A B C

CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION

1. Sun shines on earth 2. Ice melts in hand 3. Water boils in a pot

4. Holding a heated rod 5. Roasting chicken 6. Smoke rising

7. Drying hair using blower 8. Sitting beside bonfire 9. Walking in hot sand
Congratulations! You have successfully completed Module 6.
Please proceed to Module 7 and learn more about electric charges.

25
 7
SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 7
Electrical Charging Processes

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

1
 Lesson
Charging by Friction
1

What’s In

All matter, including you, is made up of atoms. Atoms in turn are made
up of even smaller building blocks – electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Activity 1: What’s My Charge? ⚡➕➖💡

Directions: 1. Copy the illustration in your Science activity notebook.
2. Connect by drawing a line from each atomic particle to its
corresponding charge to light up a bulb.

Atomic Particles Charges

Electron Positive
💡
Proton Neutral
💡

Neutron Negative
💡

5
 What’s New

Activity 2: Charged Party! 🎈🎆🎈⚡

Materials:
 2 balloons
 2 strings (0.5 meters each)
 mirror
Procedure:
1. Inflate the two balloons and tie each with a string.
2. Rub 1 air-filled balloon vigorously across your completely dry hair
for at least 1 minute.
3. Face the mirror and hold the balloon close to your hair. Was your
hair pulled by the balloon?
4. Now rub two air-filled balloons vigorously across your completely
dry hair for at least 1 minute.
5. Hold the balloons by the string (it should be hanging down) and
then gently bring them near each other. Observe any interaction.

Answer the following questions and write your answers in your Science
activity notebook.

1. What happened when you brought the balloon near to your hair after
rubbing it? Why did it occur?

🎈➕👱➡❓
2. What about bringing the two rubbed balloons near each other? Why?

🎈➕🎈➡❓
3. What do you think is the cause of these interactions?

6
 What is It

Electric Charge
When you rubbed the balloon back and forth across your hair, you may
find that your hair was attracted to the balloon. When you rubbed the two
balloons across your hair and brought them near
each other, the balloons pushed away from or An electric charge is
an electrical property
repelled each other. It is because your hair and the of matter that creates a
force between objects.
balloons became electrically charged.
Objects are made up of an enormous number of neutrons, protons, and
electrons. Whenever there is an imbalance in the number of protons and
electrons in an atom, molecule or any object, it has a net electric charge. The
difference in the numbers of protons and electrons determines an object’s
electric charge. The two types of charges are called positive (+) and negative
(-). Negatively charged objects have more electrons than protons. Positively
charged objects have fewer electrons than protons. When there is an equal
number of positive and negative charges in an object, it has no net charge.
You also have
learned in the previous
modules that the varying
atomic composition of
different materials gives
them different electrical
properties. One of which is
the ability of a material to
lose or gain electrons when
they come into contact with
a different material through
friction as seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Triboelectric Series

7
 When you rubbed the balloon on your hair, some of the electrons from
your hair were transferred to the balloon. This means that your hair has lost
some electrons so it has become positively charged while the balloon has
gained electrons which made it negatively charged. The process involved is
usually referred to as charging up the material, and in this particular activity the
process used is charging by friction.
It is important to remember that during the charging process, ideally, the
number of charge lost by your hair is equal to the number of charge gained by
the balloon. This is generally true in any charging process. The idea is known
as:
The Law of Conservation of Charge
Charges cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transferred from one
material to another. The total charge in a system must remain constant.

Electric Force
After you have performed activity 2, you must have observed that your
hair was drawn towards the balloon as if being pulled by an invisible force. This
force is called electric force which acts on charges.
The electric force is An uncharged or neutral object that has balanced
the force of attraction
or repulsion between positive and negative charges cannot experience this
objects due to charge. force.
The two balloons are expected to have the same kind of charges since
they were charged in the same way. Because the two charged balloons repel
each other, we see that like charges repel. However, a rubbed balloon and
your hair, which did not become charged in the same way, are attracted to one
another. That means unlike charges attract. These observations tell us that
there are two kinds of electric force which arise from the fact that there are also
two kinds of electrical charges. The interactions between the charges are
summarized in the following law:

Electrostatic Law
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

8
 Lesson
Charging by Induction
2

What’s In

Activity 1: Attract or Repel? ➕➖▶◀❔

Directions: Copy the table in your science activity notebook. Identify the
interaction of the following pair of charges by putting a check
( ) mark in each corresponding column.

Charges Attract Repel

1.
2.
3.

Complete the sentence and write it in your Science activity

notebook.

Like charges ________ and unlike charges ________.

9
 What’s New

Activity 2: So Close! 🎈↔🎫⚡

Materials:
 Balloon
 Empty Metal Can (closed at both ends) CAN

 Glass
GLASS
Procedure:
1. Mount any tin can on a glass as seen in Figure 1.
Mounting of can.
Figure 1.
2. Place an air-filled balloon as near as
CAN
possible to the can without the two
objects touching as seen in Figure 2. GLASS

3. Charge the balloon by rubbing it on your

Figure 2.
completely dry hair for at least 1 minute. Placing the balloon.
4. Place the charged balloon as near as
possible to the can without the two
CAN

objects touching as seen in Figure 2.

5. Touch the can with your finger at the end GLASS

opposite the balloon as seen in Figure 3.

Figure 3.
6. Remove your hand and observe how the Touching the can.
balloon interact with the can.

Answer the following questions and write your answer in your Science
activity notebook.
1. What is the movement of the balloon when brought near to the
can after removing your hand?
2. What do you think is the charge of the balloon after rubbing it on
your hair?
3. What happen to the arrangement of charges of the can when the
charged balloon was brought near to it?

10
 4. What do you think is the purpose of touching the can?
5. Were you able to charge the can by touching it with your finger?
Explain how this happened.

What is It

Polarization
Generally, a charged and uncharged object tend to attract each other
due to the phenomenon of electrostatic polarization which can be explained
by the Electrostatic Law. When a charged object is placed near a neutral object,
the charges within the neutral object are rearranged such that the charged
object attracts the opposite charges within the neutral object.

Figure 4. Figure 5.
Arrangement of the charges of Arrangement of the charges of
the can. the can after the charged balloon
was placed near to it.

When the charged balloon was placed near the neutral can, the charges
in the can were rearranged in such a way that the negative charges moved
towards the edge of the can that was farther from the balloon as seen in Figure
4 and 5. As a result, the portion of the can closest to the negatively charged
balloon will have an excess of positive charge likewise the portion farthest from
the balloon will have a negative charge. But the overall charge of the can will
be neutral. Although the total charge on the can will be zero, the opposite sides
will have an induced charge.

11
Discharging
The process of removing excess charges on an object is called
discharging. When discharging is done by means of providing a path between
the charged object and a ground, the process may be referred to as grounding.
A ground can be any object that can serve as an “unlimited” source of electrons
so that it will be capable of removing or transferring electrons from or to a
charged object in order to neutralize that object. Grounding is necessary in
electrical devices and equipment since it can prevent the build-up of excess
charges where it is not needed.

Figure 6.
Grounding of the can by touching it.

By touching the can, a path was provided for the charges to be

transferred as seen in Figure 6. This is an example of grounding. Ideally, the
can will be charged. The hand provided a path for negative charges to move
away from the can. Thus, when the hand was removed, the can was left with a
net charge. The can has acquired a net positive charge. The charging process
used in this activity is called charging by induction, where an object can be
charged without actual contact to any other charged object.

12
 Lesson
Charging by Conduction
3

What’s In

The behavior of a charged material depends on its ability to allow

charges to flow. A material that permits charges to flow freely is a good electrical
conductor. In contrast, insulators are materials that hinder the free flow of
charges.

Activity 1: Does it Permit or Not? ⚡➖▶▶

Directions: List down 5 conductors and 5 insulators that can be found in your
home. Write it in your Science activity notebook.

What’s New

Activity 2: I Charge You! 🎈↔🎫🎫⚡

Materials:
 2 empty cans
 2 glasses

13
Procedure:
CAN CAN

1. Mount any tin can on a glass. Prepare

two set-ups as shown in Figure 1. GLASS GLASS

Set-up A Set-up B
2. Charge the balloon by rubbing it on your
Figure 1.
completely dry hair for at least 1 minute. Mounting of can.
3. Place the charged balloon as near as
CAN
possible to the can of set-up A without
touching them as shown in Figure 2. GLASS

Set-up A
4. Touch the other end of the can of set-up
Figure 2.
A using your finger opposite the balloon Placing the balloon.
for about 5 seconds as shown in Figure
CAN
3.
5. Remove your finger together with the GLASS
Set-up A
balloon.
Figure 3.
6. Place set-up B near set-up A in such a Touching the can.
way that both ends of the cans will come
into contact for about 5 seconds as
shown in Figure 4. Make sure not to
touch both cans.
Set-up A Set-up B

7. Separate the two set-ups. Figure 4.

8. Using the same balloon, charge it again Putting the two set-ups
into contact.
by rubbing it on your completely dry hair
for about 1 minute. CAN

9. Place the charged balloon as near as

GLASS
possible to the left side of the can of set- Set-up A Right Side
Left Side

up A without touching them as shown in Figure 5.

Placing the balloon in
Figure 5. Do the same to the right side Set-up A.
end of the can. Did the balloon move? If
CAN
yes, is it towards or away from the can?
10. Do step 9 for set-up B as shown in Figure GLASS

6. Did the balloon move? If yes, is it Left Side Set-up B Right Side

towards or away from the can? Figure 6.

Placing the balloon in
Set-up B.

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 Answer the following questions and write your answer in your Science
activity notebook.

1. Were you able to charge the can in set-up B? What do you think
is the charge of the can in set-up B after separating the two set-
ups?
2. Is it necessary for the two cans to come into contact for charging
to happen? Why or why not?

What is It

Ideally, the can in set-up B will be charged since excess charges has
been transferred to it from the can in set-up A. The contact between the cans
is necessary since it is in this contact for the charges to transfer. This is possible
because both cans are good electrical conductors. The can in the set-up B has
become positively charged.
The charging process you performed in this activity is called charging
by conduction which involves the contact of a charged object to a neutral
object.

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 What’s More

Directions: Study the data in the table below.

Materials Number of Protons Number of Electrons
X 32 30
Y 22 28
Z 18 18

Answer the following questions and write it in your Science activity

notebook.

1. Which material/s in the table could attract a negatively charged

material?
2. Which material/s in the table could attract an uncharged material?
3. Which material/s in the table could attract each other?
4. In what arrangement/s do materials X, Y and Z attract each other?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the sentences by choosing the correct answer from the
box and write it in your Science activity notebook.

attracts charging conduction friction

induction negative positive repels

1. There are two types of electric charge, ________ and ________.

2. Like charges ________; unlike charges ________.
3. There are three different types of charging processes, charging by
________, ________, ________.

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 What I Can Do

Homemade Electroscope
Let's learn how to build a homemade electroscope – a device that can
detect electrical charges.

Materials

 Clear glass jar

 Jar lid or piece of plastic
large enough to cover the
opening of the jar
 Electrical tape
 Copper wire, 14g or thicker
 Straw
 Scissors
 Glue gun
 Aluminum foil
 Wool cloth
 Comb
 Balloon
 Any other material you want to test!

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Procedure:

1. Perform this experiment on a dry day! The experiment might not work if
it is humid or raining. Why do you think this is important?
2. Use the scissors to cut a two-inch long piece of straw.
3. Have an adult punch a hole through the center of the jar lid or piece of
plastic big enough to fit the straw through.
4. Insert the straw into the hole of your lid. Glue the straw securely to the
lid.
5. Cut a 10-inch piece of copper wire.
6. Twist the 4 inches top end of the wire into a circle or spiral to increase
the surface area.
7. Insert the straight end of the wire through the straw and create a hook
about 1 inch long.
8. Hang two small pieces of aluminum foil on the hook. Make sure they
are in contact. Why do you think you’re using two pieces of metal
instead of one?
9. Place the hooked end of the wire into the jar and twist on or tape the lid
to the jar.
10. Rub each of your materials (balloon, comb, etc.) vigorously one at a
time with your hand or in a piece of wool cloth.
11. After you charged the objects, bring each object near the coiled wire on
your electroscope. Be sure to record and explain your observations!

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 Assessment

Now that you are finished accomplishing the module, let us check your
understanding about the lesson.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your Science
activity notebook.

1. When two unlike charges are brought together, they will _______.
A. repel each other C. neutralize each other
B. attract each other D. have no effect on each other
2. Which of the following describes the usual way by which a material can
gain a positive charge?
A. by losing protons C. by losing electrons
B. by gaining protons D. by gaining electrons
3. Which of the following states the Electrostatic Law?
A. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
B. The total charge in a system must remain constant.
C. An object can be charged without actual contact to any other charged
object.
D. Charges cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transferred
from one material to another.
4. What does it mean when an object is negatively charged?
A. no protons C. more electrons than protons
B. no electrons D. fewer electrons than protons
5. If you comb your hair and the comb becomes negatively charged, what
will be the charge of your hair?
A. no charge C. positively charged
B. remain uncharged D. negatively charged

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6. Which of the following can be attracted by a negatively charged object?
I. No other object
II. Neutral object
III. Positively charged object
IV. Negatively charged object
A. I only C. II and III
B. II only D. II and IV
7. A positively charged rod is brought near a metal can that rests on a
wooden box. You touch the opposite side of the can momentarily with
your finger. If you remove your finger before removing the rod, what will
happen to the charge of the can?
A. be discharged C. become positively charged
B. remain as it was D. become negatively charged
8. Which of the following charging processes where an object can be
charged with an actual contact to any other object?
I. Charging by conduction
II. Charging by friction
III. Charging by induction
IV. Charging by radiation
A. I only C. I, II, and III
B. I and II D. I, II, III, and IV
9. A charged iron rod is brought near a metal ball that is mounted on a
rubber sheet. If the metal ball acquired a positive charge after it was
grounded momentarily, what must be the charged of the iron rod?
A. Negative C. Positive
B. Neutral D. Uncertain
10. Is it possible to charge an electrical insulator?
A. Yes, because they can also conduct electricity.
B. No, because insulators have no free charges in them.
C. No, because they hinder charges from passing through them.
D. Yes, because electrons can be transferred between insulators
through friction.

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11. What is the interaction between two objects that are charged in the same
way?
A. Alternate C. No interaction
B. Attraction D. Repulsion
12. What is meant when we say that an appliance "uses up" electricity?
A. The current disappears.
B. The main power supply voltage is lowered.
C. Electrons are taken out of the circuit and put somewhere else.
D. The potential energy of electrons is changed into another form.
13. The figure shows three pairs of plates. The electrostatic force between
the plates is shown in Pairs 1 and 2. If B is positive, what is the charge
of A? And what kind of force exists in the third pair?

Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3

A. negative, attractive C. positive, attractive

B. negative, repulsive D. positive, repulsive
14. Why grounding is necessary in electrical devices and equipment?
A. It will hinder the free flow of charges within it.
B. The excess charge will remain at the original location of charging.
C. It can prevent the build-up of excess charges where it is not
needed.
D. Charged object attracts the opposite charges within the neutral
object.
15. In which set-up/s will the bulb light/s up?

A. A only C. C only
B. B only D. A, B and C

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 Additional Activities

Energy Transfer in the Circuit

An electric circuit provides a path by which charges can flow through
it. These charges become a source of electrical energy.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one to the other. In fact, all
electrical equipment and devices are based on this process of transformation
of electrical energy into other forms of energy. Some examples are:
a. Flat iron: electrical energy → heat energy;
b. Electric fan: electrical energy → mechanical energy → heat
energy;
c. Washing machine: electrical energy → mechanical energy →
heat energy.

Directions: List 5 appliances that can be found in your home that uses
electrical energy. Trace the transformation of energy from
electrical energy to the energy it produces. Write it in your Science
activity notebook.

Congratulations! You have successfully completed Module 7.

Please proceed to the next modules of the fourth quarter.

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