7

SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 1A
Distance and Displacement

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Lesson Distance and Displacement

About two centuries ago, people used animals like horses and donkeys to
transport people and goods. In 1860, the internal combustion engine was
discovered by Nicolaus Otto that led the way to the invention of motor cars, trains,
ships, airplanes and jets which enabled people to travel faster. All of these involved
motion.

What’s In

Activity 1: Path Finder

Directions: Copy illustration 1 completely in a graphing paper. Consider the center
of your graphing paper as the reference point. Sketch the four vector quantities in
one graphing paper following the given example. Paste your graphing paper in
your Science activity notebook.

North

West East
C

South
Illustration 1
5
Example: 6 meters East North
1. 8 meters East
2. 10 meters North
3. 12 meters West
4. 14 meters South West East
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

South

What’s New

Motion is the change in position with respect to the reference point. An

object is said to be moving when it has traveled a certain distance or displaced
from a point of reference. Describing the point of reference and its direction will be
learned by performing activity 2.

Activity 2: Where Is It?

Directions: Below is a road map showing two routes from home to school. Which
route will you choose and why? Write your answer in your Science activity
notebook.

6
 What Is It

In Science, motion is defined as the change in position for a particular time

interval. If we do not see a body moving, but observe that it has changed position,
we can say that it has moved “with respect to “its original position. Thus, the original
position serves as the reference point. A reference point is important in describing
the motion of bodies.
An object may be moving with respect to another reference. For example,
when you are inside a bus, you are not moving with respect to the other
passengers, but you are moving with respect to the ground.
You can then start describing motion with a question, “How far did the object
travel?” There are actually two ways to answer this question. First is by getting the
total length of the path travelled by the object and the second is by measuring the
distance between the initial position and final position of the object.
For example, the car ran 100 meters from point A to point B, then 50 meters
from point B to point C, and another 100 meters from point C to point D. See
illustrations A and B below:

Initial Position
(North)
A B
(West) (East) 100 meters
50 meters
(South)
D C
Final Position 100 meters
Illustration A: Distance travelled

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 In getting the total length of path travelled you can simply add the length of
path from point A to B, B to C and C to D.
Total length of path = length A to B + length B to C + length C to D.
= 100 meters + 50 meters + 100 meters
Total length of path = 250 meters

The length of the entire path that the object travelled is referred as the
distance. Based on the example above, the total length of path is equal to 250
meters. This means that the distance travelled by the car is equal to 250 meters.
(North) Initial Position

D
I
S
(West) (East) P
L 50 meters
A
(South) C
E
M
E
N
T

Final Position
Illustration B: Displacement

Illustration B shows the car from initial position to final position.

Displacement refers to the shortest distance between the object’s two positions,
like the distance between its point of origin and its point of destination, no matter
what path it took to get to that destination.
In getting the displacement of the car, simply subtract the final position by
the initial position.
Displacement = Final position – Initial position
= 50 meters – 0
Displacement = 50 meters

8
 Displacement is determined by getting the actual length from the initial
position to the final position. Based on illustration B, the length from the initial
position to the final position is 50 meters South.
Distance is a scalar quantity. It has magnitude but no direction. On the other
hand, displacement is a vector quantity. It has both the magnitude and direction.

9
 What’s More

Distance and displacement are two quantities that seem to mean the same
but are distinctly different in meaning and in definition. To know more about
distance and displacement, you will do the activity 3.

Activity 3: My Distance and Displacement

Directions: Using the figure below, trace the distance and displacement. Answer
the following questions in your Science activity notebook.
Situation:
You are told to buy some foods in the market. Starting from your home,
you walked 12 m East, another 12 m North, then you walked another 6 m West,
6 m South, 6 m West and finally, you walked 8 m North.

1. What is your total distance travelled? Show your solutions.

2. Do you have a displacement?
3. What is your displacement? Show your solutions.
4. How did you determine distance and displacement?

10
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Complete Me
Directions: Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks using the correct
word/s from the box. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

airplane initial position

direction magnitude reference
displacement motion scalar
final moving south

Motion is a change in 1. __________ with respect to a reference point. If an

object keeps on changing its position with time, it is said to be in 2. __________.
An object is said to be 3. __________ when it has travelled a certain
distance from the reference point or it is displaced from a 4. __________ point. If
we do not see a body moving, but observe that it has changed position, we can
simply say that it has moved “with respect to “its initial position. Thus, the 5.
__________ position serves as the reference point of the body.
Distance is a 6. __________ quantity having 7. __________ but no
direction. To get the total distance, simply add the distances travelled. On the other
hand, 8. __________ is a vector quantity having both the magnitude and 9.
__________. To get the displacement, measure the distance between the object’s
initial and 10. __________ position.

11
 What I Can Do

Activity 5: My Distance and Displacement

Directions: Copy the table and complete the box by finding the distance and
displacement based on the given data as shown in number 1. Write your answer
in your Science activity notebook.

First Move Second Move Distance Displacement

1 4 m East 2 m West 6m 2 m East

2 4 m North 2 m South

3 10 m West 3 m East

4 5 m South 2 m North

5 9 m North 12 m South

6 6 m East 8 m West

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 Assessment

Now, that you are finished accomplishing the module, let us check what you
have learned.

Directions: Read the following test items about distance and displacement.
Choose the letter of your answer and write it in your Science activity notebook.

1. Mark walked 150 meters East from home to visit Joan. Both Mark and Joan
walked another 100 meters North and 100 meters West. What is the total
distance travelled by Mark?
A. 150 meters C. 350 meters
B. 200 meters D. 450 meters
2. Motion is the change in position with respect to a reference point. When is
an object considered in motion?

I. When its position changes with respect to a point of

reference.
II. When its distance changes with respect to a point of
reference.
III. When its direction changes with respect to a point of
reference.
IV. When its speed changes with respect to a point of reference.

A. I only C. I, II and III

B. I and III only D. I, II, III and IV

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 3. If you are travelling 10 meters to the left, then 5 meters up, then another 5
meters to the right, which of the following statement is TRUE? The
A. displacement of the object is equal to 20 meters.
B. displacement of the object is equal to 20 meters down.
C. total distance travelled by the object is equal to 20 meters.
D. total distance travelled by the object is equal to 20 meters down.

For numbers 4-6, refer to the figure below.

-25m -20m -15m -10m -5m 0 5m 10m 15m 20m 25m

4. What is the position of the house from 0?

A. -25 m C. 10 m
B. -10 m D. 25 m
5. What is the distance of the tree with respect to the car?
A. 5 m C. 15 m
B. 10 m D. 20 m
6. What is the position of the dog from 0?
A. -15 m C. 5 m
B. -10 m D. 10 m
7. Which of the following measurements is NOT a displacement?
A. 5 meters North C. 15 meters
B. 10 meters Up D. 20 meters Left
8. From home, Dong walked 50 m East to visit Lyn. Both Dong and Lyn walked
together 25 m North and 50 m West. Which of the following statement is
NOT true?
A. Dong went home.
B. Dong travelled a total distance of 125 m.
C. Dong’s displacement is zero if they continue to travel 25 m South.
D. Dong’s displacement is shorter than the total distance he has travelled.

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9. You are walking 10 meters to the right, then walks 5 meters to the left. What
is the total distance that you have covered?
A. 0 C. 10 m
B. 5 m D. 15 m
10. Distance is a scalar quantity while displacement is a vector quantity. Which
of the following statement is TRUE?

I. The distance travelled by an object can be equal to its

displacement.
II. The displacement of a moving object can be greater than its
distance travelled.
III. The displacement of a moving object is lesser than its distance
travelled.

A. I and II C. I and III

B. II and III D. I, II and III
11. The shortest distance between the object’s position, that is the distance
between point of origin and its point of destination.
A. Displacement C. Motion
B. Distance D. Reference Point
12. A continuous change in position with respect to a reference point for a
particular time interval.
A. Motion C. Point
B. Period D. Reference
13. What is the displacement of the dog, if it runs 10 meters to the right, then 5
meters up and finally 10 meters left?
A. 0 C. 10 m up
B. 5 m up D. 15 m down

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14. It is a scalar quantity which has magnitude but no direction.
A. Displacement C. Motion
B. Distance D. Reference Point
15. Maria is riding a bus on a straight road. She is not moving with respect to
the other passengers but is moving with respect to the ___________.
A. bus C. road
B. chair D. sun

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 Additional Activities

Activity 6: My Home to School Roadmap

Directions: Using the activity sheet given by your teacher, trace the roads from
your home to school with crayons of different colors. Answer the questions that
follow. Paste the activity sheet on your Science notebook.

1. Which road is the shortest?

2. Which one is the longest?

3. Which road will you choose in

going to school? Why?

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 7
SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 1B
Speed and Velocity

Baluyos

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

i
Lesson Speed and Velocity

In the previous module, you used distance and displacement to describe

motion of objects. This module gives you another way of describing motion of objects
in terms of speed and velocity.

What’s In

Let us review what you have learned about distance and displacement. In
your Science activity notebook, write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the
statement is FALSE.
1. Kilogram is a unit for distance.
2. The quantity 2 meters is a distance.
3. The quantity 2 kilometers is a displacement.
4. The quantity 2 meters to the left is a distance.
5. The quantity 2 meters to the left is a displacement.
6. Distance is the length of the entire path travelled by an object.
7. Displacement includes both distance and direction of the object’s position.
8. The displacement is equal to zero when an object’s initial and final position is
the same.
9. Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final position of
the object.
10. The total distance travelled of an object from its initial position to a certain
position and back to its initial position is zero.

5
 What’s New

Activity 1: Who walked faster?

I guess, like me, you are good at making hypothesis and finding evidences.
Here is a special task for you. Read the text inside the box then answer the
questions below to help John and Mary determine who walks faster. Write your
answer in your Science activity notebook.

Just yesterday John and Mary were given assignments to record the
measured distance and time spent in walking from their home to school.

John’s home is 400 meters while Mary is 200 meters away from
school. It took 400 seconds for John while Mary needed 200 seconds to
reach school.

200 m
400 m
Figure 1. Distance from home to school

1. Compare how fast John walked than Mary.

2. What is the basis of your answer in number 1?

Thank you for solving the problem. Good job!

Are you as fast as John or Mary? The challenge is all yours. Why won’t you
try it one of these days?

6
 What is it?

Speed and Velocity

Now, who is faster is it John, Mary or you?
The idea of knowing who is faster than the other is actually determining and
calculating speed. So what is speed?
In John and Mary’s assignments, take note that distance (d) and time (t) are
the two important quantities. The basic unit used to indicate distance is meter (m)
and second (s) for time. Kilometer (km) and mile (mi) are some other units for
distance and for time are minute (min) and hour (h).
If you divide the distance by time, this will give you speed. So, speed is the
rate of distance covered at a given time.
Mathematically,

; in symbols,

Equation 1

We can express speed in terms of miles per hour (mi/h), kilometers per hour
(km/h), or meters per second (m/s).

Solving for John’s speed:

Given:
d = 400 m
Identify the given quantities.
t = 400 s
Asked:
v=? Know what’s being asked.
Solution:
Formula:
speed = distance Choose applicable equation.
time
v= d
t
Substitute the given quantities.
v = 400 m
400 s
Make sure you have the
v = 1 m/s correct unit.
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 Solving for Mary’s speed:
Given:
d = 200 m
Identify the given quantities.
t = 200 s
Asked:
v=? Know what’s being asked.
Solution:
Formula:
speed = distance Choose applicable equation.
time
v= d
t
Substitute the given quantities.
v = 200 m
200 s
Make sure you have the
v = 1 m/s correct unit.

Therefore, John is as fast as Mary. Both have the same speed of 1 meter per
second (1 m/s). North
When a direction is associated with speed, it refers to
West East
the quantity known as velocity. Thus, velocity is a speed in
a given direction. South
Figure 2. Cardinal Directions

Since velocity has direction it uses displacement instead of distance.

1.0 km
0.5 km
0.5 km
1.0 km
distance = 3.0 km displacement = 2.0 km, East
Figure 3a. Distance Figure 3b. Displacement

; in symbols,

Equation 2

As shown in Figure 3a, the total distance from home to school is 3.0 km while
the displacement is 2.0 km, East as shown in Figure 3b.

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 Using the information in Figure 3a and 3b, suppose you take 0.5 hour to travel
from home to school, what is your average speed? average velocity?

Solving for average speed:

Given:
d = 3.0 km
Identify the given quantities.
t = 0.5 h
Asked:
v=? Know what’s being asked.
Solution:
Formula:
speed = distance Choose applicable equation.
time
v= d
t
Substitute the given quantities.
v = 3.0 km
0.5 h
Make sure you have the
v = 6.0 km/h correct unit.

Solving for average velocity:

Given:
d = 2.0 km
Identify the given quantities.
t = 0.5 h
Asked:
v=? Know what’s being asked.
Solution:
Formula:
velocity = displacement Choose applicable equation.
time
v= d
t
Substitute the given quantities.
v = 2.0 km, East
0.5 h
Make sure you have the
v = 4.0 km/h, East correct unit.

9
 If you are riding a car with a compass in your hand, you can estimate your
velocity by getting the speedometer’s reading (magnitude) and the compass reading
(direction).

A change in velocity happens when there is a change in:

A. magnitude (speed) - Example: 60 km/h, North to 40 km/h, North
B. direction of motion- Example: 60 km/h, North to 60 km/h, South
C. both magnitude and direction- Example: 60 km/h, North to 40 km/h, South

Average and Instantaneous Speed

In reality, John and Mary could not have maintained a constant speed all the
time on their way to school. They could have started fast, and then slow or even
stopped for a while.
When you ride a vehicle you will notice that a
vehicle does not maintain the same speed. A vehicle
has a speedometer that tells you the speed at that
instant or at that moment in time. As the vehicle
travels along a busy street, you will notice that the
speedometer may read 30 km/h. It may change (65 Km/h)
speed to 65 km/h as it passes an open free highway
and zero to fetch another passenger. During the
entire trip the vehicle travels at different speeds. Figure 4. Speedometer

Average speed- is the total distance traveled divided by the total time in
traveling that distance.
Instantaneous speed- is the speed at an instant in time.

Average and Instantaneous Velocity

Similarly, when you ride a vehicle it is not only the speed that changes but
also its direction. A vehicle may travel North, West, East or South. Thus, we define
average and instantaneous velocity as follows:

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 Average velocity- is the total displacement (final position- initial position)
traveled divided by the total time in traveling that displacement.
Instantaneous velocity- is the velocity of an object at an instant. It refers to
how fast an object is moving at a given instant and in that direction.

Constant and Uniform Motion

An object is moving with constant speed when its instantaneous speed
values are always the same. This is referred to as a constant motion. It is easy to
predict the location and time you arrive at this location when you move at constant
speed. Example: A car running at a speed of 50 km/h from the start to its destination.
For uniform motion in a straight line, the magnitude of the total displacement
and distance are the same. Likewise, the magnitude of the velocity equals the
speed.
To have a constant velocity, both speed and direction must be constant.
Motion at constant velocity is motion in a straight line at uniform speed.

Figure 5a can be used as your reference to

recall the equation of speed and other transformed
equation in order to solve for distance and time.
To solve for v, cover v in the triangle and Figure 5a.
write the symbol v in your paper. Since d is written
above t, they appear as quotient as shown in Figure
5b. Thus, d and t must be written as ratio. In
symbols,
d
v =
t Figure 5b. Speed Equation
Equation 3

To solve for d, cover d in the triangle and

write the symbol d in your paper. In such case, 
and t are adjacent thus they are expressed as
products as shown in Figure 5c. Hence, Figure 5c. Distance Equation
d = t
Equation 4

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 If you want to solve for t, cover t in the
triangle and write the symbol t in your paper. Since
d is written above , they appear as quotient as
shown in Figure 5d. Thus, d and  must be written
as ratio. In symbols, d Figure 5d. Time Equation
t =

Equation 5

Are you now ready to take a look at the examples below and see how we can
use the different equations?

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Problem 1.

John sees a flash of lightning bolt from the window. He heard the clap of
thunder 10.0 seconds later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is 340.0 m/s and
the light was seen instantaneously. How far away was the lightning bolt?

Given:
v = 340.0 m/s
Identify the given quantities.
t = 10.0 s
Asked:
d=? Know what’s being asked.
Solution:
Formula:
distance = speed x time
Choose applicable equation.

d=vt

Substitute the given quantities.

d = (340.0 m/s) (10.0 s)

Make sure you have the

d = 3400 m correct unit.

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Problem 2.

Mary drove her car and travelled 250 km, East in 5 hours to pick up a friend.
Calculate her velocity.
Given:
d = 250 km, East Identify the given quantities.
t=5h
Asked:
Know what’s being asked.
v=?
Solution:
Formula:
velocity = displacement
time Choose applicable equation.
d
v=
t
Substitute the given quantities.
v = 250 km, East
0.5 h
v = 50 km/h, East Make sure you have the
correct unit.

You are on the right track. Now get ready to use your knowledge about speed
and velocity in the next set of activities especially made for you. Have fun!

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 What’s More

Activity 2
Part A: Toss and Track
Today is your lucky day! Tossing a coin is a fun way of testing your luck. In
this activity you have to toss a coin and track your trip from the departure block to the
arrival block.

ARRIVAL
21 22 23 24 25

3 blocks 3 blocks 0 m/s t = 15 s 1 block

South East d = 100 m North
20 19 18 17 16

v = 40 m/s 0 m/s d = 85 m t = 15 s 3 blocks

t=8s v = 5 m/s d = 80 m West
11 12 13 14 15

d = 50 m 0 m/s 2 blocks 2 blocks v = 3 m/s

v = 15 m/s West South t=3s
10 9 8 7 6

2 blocks d = 120 m 0 m/s t = 10 s t=4s

North v = 60 m/s d = 75 m d = 20 m
1 2 3 4 5

v = 5 m/s v = 5 m/s 2 blocks 0 m/s 3 blocks

t=1s t=1s East North
DEPARTURE

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 Each block is numbered 1 to 25 and contains an image of a head or a tail. If
you toss a head then you have to land on the nearest head block from your present
block and so if you toss a tail you land on the nearest tail block. If you land on gray
blocks you have to solve for the missing quantity.
In your Science activity notebook track your trip by writing the entry similar to
the sample table below.
Toss Head Tile Move Distance Time Speed/Velocity
No. or Tail No. (m) (s) (m/s)
1 Tail 2 5m 1s 5 m/s
2 Head 3 2 blocks East
5 3 blocks North
16 3 blocks West
19 Stop
3 Tail 20 320 m 8s 40 m/s

Continue tossing and tracking your trip until you reach the arrival block. Good
luck and have fun!

Part B: Wordy Problem

Here are some word problems that you have to analyze and solve to develop
your skills in problem solving. Write your solutions in your Science activity notebook.

1. You decided to have a morning jog to keep your body fit. You jog 100 m East
in 150 s, made a left turn and jog 150 m in 180 s, and finally made another left
turn for 100 m in 90 s.
a. Make an illustration to represent the problem.
b. What is your average speed for the entire jog?
c. What is your average velocity for the entire jog?
d. How do you compare the magnitude of the average speed and
velocity?
2. A plane’s average speed between two cities is 600 km/h. If the trip takes 2.5
hours, how far does the plane fly?

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Mixed Up

Almost there! I am sure that you have learned a lot. So here is your next task.
Copy and complete the paragraph by rearranging the jumbled letters inside the
parentheses to form the correct word/term you have learned from this module. Write
your answer in your Science activity notebook.

I have learned that (deeps) and (colityve) are different quantities but are both
1 2
ways to describe (notoim) of objects. (Agerave pedes) refers to the total (antcesid)
3 4 5
traveled divided by the total (mite) to take the travel. Velocity is associated with
6
(tericoind). (Iounastetnans) speed/ velocity is the speed/ velocity at that instant. A
7 8
(terempedoes) measures instantaneous speed/ velocity. An object is in (antstonc)
9 10
motion if its instantaneous speed is always the same.

16
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Speedy Me!

How fast you can walk and run?

In this activity you will measure your own average speed in walking and
running. You can do this outside when the weather is fine. If not you can do it inside
your home, just be careful not to harm yourself.
Materials:
measuring tools (ruler, meter stick, tape measure, or meter rule)
stopwatch in a cell phone
Procedure:
1. Copy Table 1 in your Science activity notebook.
2. Use any measuring tool available in your home to measure a distance of 100
meters.
3. Use a stopwatch to determine the time you take to walk the 100 meter
distance.
4. Record on Table 1 the time spent in walking the 100 meter distance.
5. Perform three trials for walking.
6. Do procedures 3- 5 but this time you have to run.
7. Calculate your speed in walking and running based on the data recorded.
8. Get the average speed by adding the calculated speed of the three trials and
divide it by 3.

Table 1. Time and speed in walking and running the 100 meter distance

Walking Running
Distance Time Speed Distance Time Speed
Trial Trial
(m) (s) (m/s) (m) (s) (m/s)
1 100 1 100
2 100 2 100
3 100 3 100
Average Speed Average Speed

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 Assessment

Now that you are done in accomplishing the module, let us check your
understanding about the lesson. Please read and analyze each question. Write only
the letter of your answer in your Science activity notebook.

1. When you look at the speedometer in a moving car, you can see the car’s
______________.
A. average speed C. instantaneous speed
B. average velocity D. instantaneous velocity
2. Which of the statements below is TRUE about average speed?
A. It has a magnitude only.
B. It is associated with direction.
C. It is displacement divided by time.
D. It can be measured in terms of meters.
3. What can you say about the motion of a man walking at a constant speed in
one direction?
A. He is about to stop. C. He moves at changing velocity.
B. He moves at constant velocity. D. He moves at a short time interval.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about an object moving in a
constant speed?
A. The speed of the object is equal to zero.
B. The distance travelled increases uniformly.
C. The instantaneous speed of the object is constant.
D. The speed of the object remains the same all through the travel.
5. A man runs in the morning for 2 hours. During the first hour he runs 5 km and
another 5 km during the second hour. Which of the following statements is
NOT true? The man runs ______________.
A. 5 kilometers every hour C. a constant speed of 5 km/h
B. a total distance of 10 kilometers D. an average speed of 10 km/h

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6. How long will it take for a man walking with an average speed of 5 m/s to
reach his work place 150 m away from home?
A. 10 s C. 30 s
B. 20 s D. 40 s

For numbers 7 and 8, refer to the following situations.

A. A bus moving at 30 km/h around a curve.
B. A car moving at 80 km/h on a straight highway.
C. A jeepney moving on a straight road, slowing down before a stop.
D. A typhoon moving at 30 km/h Northwest and changing its path to 45 km/h
West.
7. Which of the situations cited above moves at constant velocity?
8. Which situation shows a change in both magnitude and direction?

9. Which of the following statements are TRUE about uniform motion in a

straight line?

I. The direction of the velocity is constant.

II. The magnitude of the velocity is changing.
III. The magnitude of the velocity equals the speed.
IV. The magnitude of the total displacement and distance are the same.

A. All except I C. All except III

B. All except II D. All except IV
10. Given the table below, which of the following statements about the learners’
speed is true?
Learner Distance Traveled (m) Time (s)
Kakay 60 12
Kikay 40 8
Kokoy 20 5

A. Kakay > Kikay > Kokoy C. Kakay = Kikay > Kokoy

B. Kakay = Kikay < Kokoy D. Kakay < Kikay > Kokoy

19
 For numbers 11- 15, refer to Table 2 below.
Table 2. Data on the 200- meter Dash Competition.
Female Athlete Recorded Time Male Athlete Recorded Time
(s) (s)
1 26.5 1 22.4
2 26.1 2 21.9
3 25.3 3 23.0
4 26.7 4 22.6

11. Who among the athletes runs the fastest?

A. Male athlete 1 C. Female athlete 2
B. Male athlete 2 D. Female athlete 3
12. How do you compute for the average speed of each athlete?
A. Divide 200 meters by the recorded time of travel.
B. Divide the recorded time of travel by 200 meters.
C. Multiply 200 meters by the recorded time of travel.
D. Divide 200 meters by twice the recorded time of travel.
13. What is the average speed of the fastest female runner?
A. 7.5 m/s C. 8.5 m/s
B. 7.9 m/s D. 8.9 m/s
14. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. Male athlete 2 has the greatest speed among the runners.

II. Female athlete 3 has the lowest speed among the runners.
III. The speed of male athlete 1 is greater than male athlete 2.
IV. The speed of female athlete 3 is greater than female athlete 4.

A. I and II B. II and III C. I and IV D. II and IV

15. Which is the correct order in decreasing speed of female athletes?
A. 3, 1, 2, 4 B. 3, 2, 1, 4 C. 3, 4, 1, 2 D. 3, 4, 2, 1

20
 Additional Activities

Activity 5: Skateboarding!

Skateboarding is known to youth as an action sport in which a person rides

standing balanced on a small board mounted on wheels called skateboard. It is
considered a recreational activity and a method of transportation.

In this activity you will analyze an illustration of a man who skates for you to
determine his average speed and velocity.
Initial Position
A B

C
Final Position D
Figure 6. Diagram of a skater
Copy the table in your Science activity notebook and fill in with data based on
Figure 5.

Distance Distance Distance Total Average

Total Time
(A to B) (B to C) (C to D) Distance Speed

100 m 3 min

Average
Initial Position Final Position Displacement Total Time
Velocity

A D 3 min

Congratulations! You have successfully completed Module 2. Please

proceed to Module 1C and learn about Acceleration.

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 7
SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 1C
Acceleration
fast slow

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Lesson Acceleration

In the previous modules, you used distance and displacement, speed and
velocity in describing motion of objects. In addition, you described and analyzed
the motion of objects moving along a straight path. Then, illustrated and solved
situational problems of moving objects.

In this module, you will learn to describe the motion of an object in which
velocity changes in either magnitude or direction, or both.

What’s In

Before you proceed, you will have a simple review on speed and velocity.

Activity 1: Speed or Velocity

Directions: Determine the following quantities whether it is speed or
velocity. Write your answer in your Science activity notebook.

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 What’s New

Activity 2: How Fast Am I?

Directions: The figure below shows the car’s speedometer reading with
respect to time. Complete the table by getting the speedometer’s reading of the
car’s speed at a particular time. Write your answer in your Science activity
notebook.

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04

Time (second) Speed (km/hr)

1. 00:00
2. 00:01
3. 00:02
4. 00:03
5. 00:04

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 What Is It

Vehicles rarely move at constant speed but oftentimes they changed speed.
Consider the figure below.
00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04

The figure shows the speedometer’s readings of a car at 1 second interval

within 4 seconds. Initially, the car was at rest. The car started to move and after a
second the speed was 5 km/h. At two seconds, the car’s speedometer’s reading
was 15 km/h. Another second later, the car’s speed reached 30 km/h. Finally, at
four seconds the speed was 50 km/h.
The changing motion of the car can be described in terms of acceleration.
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity. In equation,

Change in velocity is the difference between the final velocity, vf and the
initial velocity vi. In symbols,
∆v = vf – vi
Change in time is the difference between the final time, t f and the initial time
ti. In symbols,
∆t = tf – ti
Thus,

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 In the example, the car’s speed increased by 5 km/h after one second, then
reached 15 km/h in the next second, and 30 km/h in the third second. The car did
not accelerate at the same rate. Thus, the car experiencing average acceleration.
Average acceleration refers to the total change in velocity divided by the
total time taken for the change. Hence,

Since the unit of velocity is meter per second (m/s), acceleration is

expressed in meter per second per second (m/s/s). Oftentimes, the unit of
acceleration is written as m/s2.
So, the car’s average acceleration is

ᾶ = 3. 47 m/s2

Motion at a constant acceleration is not common in everyday life. For

example, a passenger jeepney may have a changing motion as it moves along a
high way. It may move at a constant or changing velocity, and stop as it loads and
unloads passengers.
Instantaneous acceleration is the ratio of the change in velocity during a
given time interval such that time goes to zero

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 When a moving body decreases its velocity, it is said to decelerate. This
means that it has negative acceleration is also called deceleration.
Deceleration is the opposite of acceleration where the velocity of an object slows
down. This can also be experienced when there is a change in direction.
In the example, a passenger jeepney having a motion with a speed of 20
m/s to 10 m/s in 10 seconds. The passenger jeepney has a negative acceleration.
For this example, the acceleration is calculated as follows:
Given:
vf = 10 m/s
vi = 20 m/s
∆t = 10 s
Solutions:

a = - 10 m/s2

Negative acceleration means deceleration. The passenger jeepney is

decelerating or slowing down the motion.
Using the average acceleration formula, you can determine for the other
quantities like time, initial and final velocities as follows:
Equation 1

Equation 2

Equation 3 vf = vi + a ∆t

Equation 4 vi = vf - a ∆t

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 What’s More

Activity 3: Finding Solutions

Directions: Read and analyze the problems below. Solved and show your
solutions in your Science activity notebook.

Problem 1.
A racehorse coming out from the gate accelerates from rest to a
velocity of 15 m/s West in 3 seconds. What is its acceleration?

Problem 2.
A commuter is backing off her car out of the garage with an
acceleration of 2 m/s2. How long does it take her to reach a velocity of 5 m/s?

Problem 3.
A Philippine eagle is flying to the left with a velocity of 34 m/s when
a gust of wind blows back against the eagle causing it to slow down with a constant
acceleration of 8 m/s2. What will be the velocity of the eagle after the wind has
blown for 3 seconds?

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Complete Me
Directions: Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks using the correct
word/s from the box. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

acceleration instantaneous zero

average m/s speed
deceleration m/s2 time
direction motion velocity

Acceleration is defined as the change in 1. __________ in a time interval.

It is measured in terms of meter per second per second or 2. __________.
Instantaneous acceleration is the 3. ___________ of the change in velocity during
a given time interval such that time is almost 4. ___________. The total change in
velocity in the given interval divided by the total time taken for the change is
average 5. __________.
An object still accelerating when it slows down or change its direction
usually called 6. __________. If the object moves, its average acceleration is the
change in velocity divided by the 7. __________ interval.
Acceleration may change in any of the following conditions: when the 8.
__________ changes, when the 9. __________ of motion changes, or when both
velocity and direction of motion change.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 5: Fill Me Up
Directions: Copy and complete the table by solving the missing values of
the quantities. Write your answer on your Science activity notebook.

Balls Initial Velocity Final Velocity Time (∆t) Acceleration

m/s m/s s m/s2
1 10 20 2
2 20 5 10
3 50 30 10
4 15 30 5
5 12 12 2

Answer the following questions and write in your Science activity notebook.
1. Which of the balls is decelerating?
2. Which of the balls has a zero acceleration?
3. Which of the balls have the same acceleration?
4. Which of the balls has the fastest acceleration?

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 Assessment

Now, that you are done accomplishing the module, let us check what you have
learned.

Directions: Read the following test items about acceleration. Choose the letter of
your answer and write it in your Science activity notebook.

1. Which of the following is the unit of acceleration?

A. m/h C. m/s
B. m/mi D. m/s2
2. Refers to the rate of change in velocity of an object.
A. Acceleration C. Speed
B. Motion D. Velocity
3. Acceleration may change in any one of the following conditions. Which
statements is/are TRUE?

I. When the velocity changes

II. When the direction of motion changes
III. When both speed and direction of motion change

A. I and II only C. II and III only

B. I and III only D. I, II and III

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 4. Which of the following situations show that the object is accelerating?

I. A truck changing directions

II. A car speeding up in a high way
III. A moving motorcycle comes to stop
IV. A rolling ball moving with a uniform speed

A. I and II C. I, II and III

B. I and III D. I, II, III and IV
5. The table shows the velocity of the car per unit time.
Time in hour 0 1 2 3 4 5
Velocity in kilometer per hour 0 20 20 60 80 0

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The car is decelerating between 4-5 hours.
B. The car is accelerating between 1-2 hours.
C. The car returns to its original position after 5 hours.
D. The acceleration of the car from 2-3 hours and 3-4 hours are the
same.
For numbers 6-8, refer to the box below for the choices.

A. Average Acceleration C. Deceleration

B. Constant Acceleration D. Instantaneous Acceleration

6. A type of acceleration where a moving object slows down before it stops.

7. Refers to the ratio of the change in velocity during a given time interval such
that time is almost zero.
8. The total change in velocity in the given interval divided by the total time.

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9. Which of the following is the unit for acceleration?
A. g/s2 C. m/s2
B. m/s D. km/hr
10. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. A moving object with changing speed or velocity is accelerating.
B. The direction of acceleration is the same as that of change in velocity.
C. Acceleration is a scalar quantity having both the magnitude and
direction.
D. If an object does not change its position at a given time interval, then it
is at rest or not accelerating.
11. A tuna fish starts swimming from rest and speeds up uniformly to 12 m/s in
3 seconds. What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the tuna
fish?
A. 2 m/s2 C. 6 m/s2
B. 4 m/s2 D. 8 m/s2
12. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Acceleration is expressed in meter per second (m/s).
B. The changing motion of a car can be described in terms of acceleration.
C. Acceleration is a scalar quantity having both the magnitude and
direction.
D. An object covers equal distance at equal intervals of time, then it is
moving at constant speed and still accelerating.

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 13. The speeds of a bus travelling on a straight road are given in the table.
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4
Speed (m/s) 0 2 4 6 8

Which of the following statements are CORRECT?

I. The bus travels 16 m in 4 s.

II. The bus travels with an average speed of 4 m/s.
III. The instantaneous acceleration of the bus 2 m/s2.
IV. The bus travels with a uniform acceleration of 2 m/s2.

A. I and II C. III and IV

B. II and III D. I, II, III and IV
For numbers 14-15, refer to the box below:
A learner is studying the constant acceleration of three different cars and gets
the following results.

Car A changes its speed from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 2 seconds

Car B changes its speed from 10 m/s to 40 m/s in 3 seconds
Car C changes its speed from 10 m/s to 50 m/s in 4 seconds

14. Which of the following gives the correct relationship about the acceleration
of the three cars?
A. Car A = Car B = Car C C. Car A < Car B = Car C
B. Car A > Car B = Car C D. Car A < Car B < Car C
15. What are the cars’ acceleration?
A. 10 m/s2 C. 20 m/s2
B. 15 m/s2 D. 25 m/s2

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