Cora 3 The Periodic Table and Periodic Law Section 6.1 Development of the Modern Periodic Table In your textbook, reads about the history of the periodic table's development. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage, octaves atomic mass atomic number nine elements properties Henry Moseley eight protons Periodic law Dmitri Mendeleev accepted ‘The table below was developed by John Newlands and is based on a relationship called thelaw of (1)_OCHAVES __ According to this law, the properties ofthe elements repeated every ay_eight elements. Thus, for example, clement two and element (3)__{\\M®__ have similar properties. The law of octaves did not work for all the known elements and was not generally (4) Gccepled eas pet soe ey H ui é Bo < N ° 1 3 3 10 1 2 a 1 7 Le Na Mg Al si P s i ‘The first periodic table is mostly credited to (5)_LMwielec” tn is table, the clements were arranged according to increasing (6)__[N0S$_. One important result of this table was that the existence and properties of undiscovered (7)__2levnents could be predicted. ‘The element in the modern periodic table are arranged according to increasing (8) Giomic. NWmber as a result of the work of (9) —Moselen_ ‘This arrangement is based on number of (10)__prmtons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The moder form of the periodic table results in the (11) Revindic Lass, which states that when elements are arriiged according to increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition oftheir chemical and physical (12)_prmperies epieht © Glneedtireti Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 31Name Class Cota STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTE! Section 6.1. continued In your textbook, read about the modern periodic table. Use the information in the box on the left taken from the periodic table to complete the table on the right. fea ‘Atomic Mass _|s3. [4,007 N Atomic Number ral Nitrogen secon conigwation | 15. [els Dp" 4007 Chemical Name 18. Nitrogen (Hel2s22p? ‘chemical symbol aN For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B. Column A, Column B 8 48. A column on the pesioaic table a. metals © 19. A row on the periodic table b. group D _ 20. Group A elements period A 21. Elements that are shiny and conduct electricity d. representative elements E 22. Group B elements . transition elements In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false, change the italicized word or phrase to make it true. “false, thyee __23, There are rwo main classifications of elements. false pnhots 24, More than three-fourths of the elements in the periodic table are nonmetals. __ true 23) Coop 1A tlements texecpe'fochydroserijiare known ad the nna metals false, 2A 26, Group 3A clements are the alkaline earth metals. __ tee 27. Group 7A elements are highly reactive nonmetals known as halogens. false, noble QeseS. 28. Group 8A elements are very unreactive elements known as transition metals false, nonmetals 29, Metaloids have properties of both metals and inner transition metals. 32 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 ‘Study Guide for Content Masteryoa te Mera Conan ne. Name CHAPTER Section6.2 Classifica Date Chass n of the Elements 1n your textbook, read about organizing the elements by electron configuration. Use the periodie table on pages 156-157 in your textbook to match each element in Column A with the element in Column B that has the most similar chemical properties. Column A 1. arsenic (As)5A, 2. bromine (Br)']A 3. cadmium (Cd)2.8 4 5. 10. osmium (Os)% 11. sodium (Na)| 12. tellurium (Te). 13. tungsten (W)LjS 14. yttrium (Y) 3g PEPEPP AREER EEE 15. zirconium (Zr)! Answer the following questions. Column B ‘@, boron (B) ‘by cesium (Cs) chromium (Cx) gallium (Ga) Sf) “A, cobalt (Co) germanium (Ge)'})\ hafnium (HE) 6. iridium (Ir) 4 iodine (I) /- magnesium (Mg)/.p, iron (Fe) 8. neon (Ne) f\ nitrogen (N) 9. nickel (Ni) jo platinum (Pt) scandium (Se) silicon (Si) strontium (Sr) sulfur (S) zine (Z) xenon (Xe) AAR RRA A we wo 16. Why do sodium and potassium, which belong to the same group in the periodic table, have similar chemical properties? They have te Same umber Of Valence electrons Copy © Gaxcoahttian tt, ‘17. How is the energy level of an element's valence electrons related to its period on the periodic table? Give an example. “The. number of te period is ti Same aS the number of “ne nighest enevay lie Foro. jen aiemost Sound Sere We: CNeJ3s'*>'n Povieds ¢ is energy loitl 3 Vs tere valance € is, Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 33.Name ia Date Cait STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTE! MASTER} Section 6.2 continued In your textbook, read about s-, p-, d:, and f-block elements. Use the periodie table on pages 156-157 in your textbook and the periodie table below to answer the following questions. block 7 3 te 4 Block we aie ufo w/e 1 beck wile ¢ oe oe ge 2 aml 9 | 20 kKl@ aE Rb | =| Gls Fe | me 18, Into how many blocks isthe periodic able divided? U2 S pdf 19. What groups of elements does the s-block contain? Q\ICG\\ + G\ KONI qe ¢ 0b 20. Why does the s-block portion of the periodic table span two groups? Sorbitol \noids 2 Valemce elechona 21. What groups of elements does the p-block contain? eortn Sail —> ble qaies 22. Why are members of group 8A virtually unreactive? —Tly lave 0 tomplde otek fac Hivic valence shell so Huy ace stable. sued don't wnt ip qaia/loce elechons tay ceactiog 28, How may dtieckeenensacuert HO: Oates Geet) 24, What groups of elements does the d-block contain? transition metals 25. Why does the f-block portion of the periodic table span 14’ groups? We £ qwoitat con bots Wh elecions 23 4 26. What is the electron configuration of the element in period 3, group 6A? (wel3e"3p" = 34 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 Study Guide for Content MasteryCopii © Genesco of te McGaw i Compan a Name a Date - Chass CHAPTER (2) ba Ba aac iat WaPo 4 Section 6.3 Periodic Trends In your textbook, read about atomic radius and ionic radius. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question, 1, Atomic radii cannot be measured directly because the electron cloud surrounding the &_ ucleus does not have a clearly defined a. charge. b. mass. (©Houter edge. d. probability. 2. Which diagram best represents the group and period trends in atomic radii in the periodic lable? a Generally increase © Generally decrease c ze 52 b. increase 4. Generally decrease Generally decrease 38 3. The general trend in the radius of an atom moving down a group is partially accounted for by the . decrease in the mass of the nucleus, . increase in the charge of the nucleus, b. fewer number of filled orbitals. @ shielding of the outer electrons by inner electrons. 4. Ata) is an atom, or bonded group of atoms, that has a positive or negative charge. B a. halogen @. ion c, isotope d. molecule 5. An atom becomes negatively charged by A @ gaining an electron. bb. gaining a proton. ¢. losing an electron, d. losing a neutron, 6. Which diagram best represents the relationship between the diameter of a sodium atom and the diameter of a positive sodium ion? a®Oo OO <0 Nat Na Nat Na Nat Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 35‘Name a Class Cotauad E FOR CONTENT MASTE! Section 6.3 continued In your textbook, read about ionization energy and electronegativity. Answer the following questions. 7. What is ionization energy? —Enaray cequvvedt to commie Ave. outermost elect 8, Explain why an atom with a high ionization-energy value is not likely to form a positive Bory tertte errr He Seley nes 10. What is the group trend in the first ionization energies? Why’? Genewatly decreansa > Inu icone chara dun Wore PES and —_ Aw Shielding Beck aw. er the octet rule. i Eigwt erectrons fi ling. “the Valen. Shel of Qn octn nn 12 What does the electronegativty of an element indicate? Te ability of an atom to ctivact an electron to itself 13. What are the period and group trends in electronegativities? aac Loup => decveanes a 36 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 Study Guide for Content Mastery