Implementation of an IOT based Animal care system

ABSTRACT
Animals play an extremely significant role in our lives today.

The livestock and domestic need of a human depends on animals. There are increasing number of
issues regarding various animal health condition and movements.

In this projet propose the methodology using to detect the health of animals to detect the health
status of the animals, which prevents widespread diseases and also helps in early diagnosis of
diseases.

IOT (Internet of Things) is an emerging technology. which has all together changed the mode and
approach of interacting, communicating and connecting with the world.

Furthermore, the data collected from each sensor are processed and displayed on a smartphone
application.

Thus, animal owners through only one single interface, they can obtain all the information regarding
animals food consumption, water consumption.

INTRODUCTION
Most of the pet owners nowadays want to enjoy the company of their animals, some of the pet
owners have the patience and time to feed the animals and some do not have the time to do so.
The prototype system consists of the various sensors such as IR sensor, temperature sensor, gas sensor and
pressure sensor.

These various parameters measured have been used for different types of animal health judgement

IoT has made it possible to sense and control the physical world by making objects smarter and
connecting them through an intelligent network.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

people now have either a dog or cat at home and hence taking care of animal health and becomes
necessary.

There is an increasing number of issues regarding various animal health condition and movements.
And in recent era, animals have become an integral part of a human life.

There is a lot of stress for the owner while feeding their animals.

All kinds of animals are able to contract infection therefore animal health care monitoring is
important in order to reduce the risk of infection for other animals and human beings.
 OBECTIVE
Here the main objective is to design a Remote Patient Health Monitoring System to diagnose the health
condition of the patients.

Giving care and health assistance to the bedridden patients at critical stages with advanced medical
facilities have become one of the major problems in the modern hectic world. In hospitals where
 SPECIFICATION

Hardware equipment

1. Atmega328
2. IR sensor
3. LM35
4. LCD
5. Relay
6. Servo motor
7. Buzzer
8. IOT Module

Software Equipment
1. Arduino IDE
2. Keil
3. Proteus
4. Flash magic
BLOCK DIAGARM
 WORKING
To overcome the drawbacks of animal health we are proposed in a smart

Animal care system for the sake of good animal health.

The block diagram is depicted in the figure above. The above block diagram consists of the
components like controller At-Mega 328, LCD, display, servo motor, IOT module, relay.

The temperature sensor is fixed at the surface of the animal. It frequently monitors the
temperature of each animal.

If there is any variation in the temperature level, it will be displayed on the LCD display.

IR sensor is used to detect the human movement inside the animal boundaries or restricted areas.

Dispensing dude consists of a container that acts as storage for the food, servo motor to mechanize
the dispensing action and a controller with motor driver to control the motor.

Basically, the output current offered by developing boards like is in the order of 40mA and dc
motors require a good 500mA to drive them that is why the motor driving shield comes in.

We are implementing this system with the help of sensor module i.e. temperature, humidity, heart
rate.

The main aim is to develop a system which is capable to measure the body temperature, rumination
and heart rate parameters with environmental conditions.

After getting all the information about the animal temperature and any object movement like
human it will be displayed on the PC using the IoT kit.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

IOT BASED ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING AND TRACKING SYSTEM USING ZIGBEE

In this paper they have interpreted the emotional state underlying canine behavior is essential in human-
canine interactions, to achieve effective training, and to improve canine welfare. A non-invasive wearable
sensor system combining electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), and inertial measurement
units (IMU) to remotely and continuously monitor the vital signs of dogs is developed by researchers. To
overcome the limitations imposed by the efficiently insulated skin and dense hair layers of dogs, they have
investigated the use of various styles of ECG electrodes and the enhancements of these by conductive
polymer coatings. They also studied the incorporation of light guides and optical fibres for an efficient optical
coupling of PPG sensors to the skin. Combined with parallel efforts to use IMUs to identify dog behaviours,
these physiological sensors will contribute to a canine-body area network to wirelessly and continuously
collect data during canine activities with a long-term goal of effectively capturing and interpreting dogs‟
behavioural responses to environmental stimuli that may yield measurable benefits to handlers‟ interactions
with their dogs. Using these methods the heart rate (HR), heart variability (HRV) and respiratory rate was
measured successfully. The animal‟s skin or fur does not need to be shaved and the developed system is
superior to the traditional system. But it is applicable only in certain conditions. And can be used for only one
animal i.e. dog. And, this system can be used only for certain conditions such as while the dog is sitting or
running [1]. In this paper, in order to achieve early detection of each individual animal‟s illness, a wireless
sensor network system is developed to monitor the animal‟s feeding and drinking behaviours. Electronic
radio frequency identification (EID) tags on the feedlot animal to record and study the cattle feeding and
drinking behaviours. IEEE 802.15.4(LW-WPANs) based ear tags are used for each animal. A directional
antenna is used to allow one router to monitor multiple animals simultaneously, and an energy efficient
mesh routing strategy is proposed to aggregate the monitoring data. The performance of the proposed
system has been evaluated through numerical analysis and simulation
2. Mobile animal tracking systems using light sensor for efficient power and cost saving motion detection

This paper proposes an open architecture for animal tracking systems using an easy-to-access Arduino board
equipped with various sensors built into a compact prototype, easily attached to an animal collar. With GPS
and public Google Map API functionalities, global location and sensor information are sent over SMS-GSM
networks to an Android OS phone embedded with a simplified RF technology used to track animals when
closing by with an adaptive alert sound and bar sign for mobile monitoring and searching. In addition, to
efficiently save the battery power and cost of the tracking system, a practical usage of a simple analog light
sensor with motion logic is investigated, and then implemented resulting in feasibility and efficiency of
battery power and data transmission

3. Monitoring Animal Behaviour and Environmental Interactions Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Remote monitoring of animal behaviour in the environment can assist in managing both the animal and its
environmental impact. GPS collars which record animal locations with high temporal frequency allow
researchers to monitor both animal behaviour and interactions with the environment. These ground-based
sensors can be combined with remotely-sensed satellite images to understand animal-landscape interactions.
The key to combining these technologies is communication methods such as wireless sensor networks
(WSNs). We explore this concept using a case-study from an extensive cattle enterprise in northern Australia
and demonstrate the potential for combining GPS collars and satellite images ina WSN to monitor
behavioural preferences and social behaviour of cattle
Hardware specification

MICROCONTROLLER

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping,

aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As soon as it reached a

wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to new needs and challenges,

differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D

printing, and embedded environments.

Arduino is a single-board microcontroller to make using electronics in multidisciplinary projects

more accessible.

The hardware consists of a simple open source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel

AVRmicrocontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM.The software consists of a standard

programming language compiler and a bootloader that executes on the microcontroller.

Microcontroller:

ATmega328

• Operating Voltage: 5V

• Input Voltage(recommended):7-12V

• Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V

• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (ofwhich 6 provide PWM output)

• Analog Input Pins: 6

• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40mA

• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50mA

• Flash Memory: 32 KB(ATmega328)

• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)

• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)

• Clock Speed: 16 MHz

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14

digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz

crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It

contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with

a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from

all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it

features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. "Uno" means

"One" in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno
and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a
series of USB

Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform. Arduino microcontroller is a
small computer board which is easy to use besides is something come with open-source, which
means hardware is reasonably priced and development softwareis free. With Arduino, ones can
write programs and freely creating an interface circuits to read switches and other sensor, and also
controlling motors and lights with a very simple steps.
In its simplest form, an Arduino is a tiny computer that you can program to process inputs and
outputs going into and from the chip.The Arduino is what is known as a Physical or Embedded

Computing platform, which means that it is an interactive system, that through the use of

hardware and software can interact with itʼs environment.For example, a simple use of the

Arduino would be to turn a light on for a set period of time, letʼs say 30 seconds, after a button

has been pressed (we will build this very same project later in the book). In this example, the

Arduino would have a lamp connected to it as well as a button. The Arduino would sit patiently

waiting for the button to be pressed. When you press the button it would then turn the lamp on

and start counting. Once it had counted 30 seconds it would then turn the lamp off and then carry

on sitting there waiting for another button press. You could use this set-up to control a lamp in an

under-stairs cupboard for example. You could extend this example to sense when the cupboard

door was opened and automatically turn the light on, turning it off after a set period of time.

The Arduino can be used to develop stand-alone interactive objects or it can be connected to a

computer to retrieve or send data to the Arduino and then act on that data (e.g. Send sensor data

out to the internet).The Arduino can be connected to LEDʼs. Dot Matrix displays, LED displays,

buttons, switches, motors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, distance sensors, webcams,

printers, GPS receivers, Ethernet modules,The Arduino board is made of an an Atmel AVR

Microprocessor, a crystal or oscillator (basically a crude clock that sends time pulses to the

microcontroller to enable it to operate at the correct speed) and a 5-volt linear regulator.

Depending on what type of Arduino you have, you may also have a USB connector to enable it

to be connected to a PC or Mac to upload or retrieve data. The board exposes the

microcontrollerʼs I/O (Input/Output) pins to enable you to connect those pins to other circuits or

to sensors, etc.To program the Arduino (make it do what you want it to) you also use the

Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), which is a piece of free software, that

enables you to program in the language that the Arduino understands. In the case of the Arduino

the language is C. The IDE enables you to write a computer program, which is a set of step-

bystep instructions that you then upload to the Arduino.Then your Arduino will carry out those
instructions and interact with the world outside. In the Arduino world,programs are known as

ʻSketche.

LCD DISPLAY

16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of
combinations available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used one is
the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have (16×2=32) 32 characters in total and each character
will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots.
Specification:- Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V
Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display
alphabets and numbers Consists of two rows and each
row can print 16 characters. Each character is build by a
5×8 pixel box Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode It
can also display any custom generated characters
Available in Green and Blue Backlig
 IR sensor

A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from
objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors allows to
sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They
are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found
in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared",
"Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors. Sensitivity range: up to 20 feet (6 meters) 110 degrees x 70 degrees
detection range.
 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is

linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage

over linear temperature sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a

large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does

not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±¼°C at room

temperature and ±¾°C over a full -55 to +150°C temperature range. Low cost is assured by

trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35's low output impedance, linear
output,and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially
easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60
µA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in still air. The LM35D is rated to
operate over a 0° to +100°C temperature range.
 GAS SENSOR

MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas sensors in MQ sensor series. It is a Metal Oxide
Semiconductor (MOS) type Gas Sensor also known as Chemiresistors as the detection is
based upon change of resistance of the sensing material when the Gas comes in contact
with the material. Using a simple voltage divider network, concentrations of gas can be
detected.

When tin dioxide (semiconductor particles) is heated in air at high temperature, oxygen is adsorbed
on the surface. In clean air, donor electrons in tin dioxide are attracted toward oxygen which is
adsorbed on the surface of the sensing material. This prevents electric current flow.

In the presence of reducing gases, the surface density of adsorbed oxygen decreases as it reacts
with the reducing gases. Electrons are then released into the tin dioxide, allowing current to flow
freely through the sensor.
 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting
ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves
travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear). Ultrasonic
sensors have two main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric
crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and from the target).

typically, a microcontroller is used for communication with an ultrasonic sensor. To begin measuring
the distance, the microcontroller sends a trigger signal to the ultrasonic sensor. The duty cycle of
this trigger signal is 10µS for the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. When triggered, the ultrasonic sensor
generates eight acoustic (ultrasonic) wave bursts and initiates a time counter. As soon as the
reflected (echo) signal is received, the timer stops. The output of the ultrasonic sensor is a high
pulse with the same duration as the time difference between transmitted ultrasonic bursts and the
received echo signal.
 SERVO MOTOR

Servos are controlled by sending an electrical pulse of variable width, or pulse width
modulation (PWM), through the control wire. There is a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse, and
a repetition rate. A servo motor can usually only turn 90° in either direction for a total of 180°
movement. The motor's neutral position is defined as the position where the servo has the same
amount of potential rotation in the both the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. The PWM
sent to the motor determines position of the shaft, and based on the duration of the pulse sent
via the control wire; the rotor will turn to the desired position. The servo motor expects to see a
pulse every 20 milliseconds (ms) and the length of the pulse will determine how far the motor
turns. For example, a 1.5ms pulse will make the motor turn to the 90° position. Shorter than
1.5ms moves it in the counter clockwise direction toward the 0° position, and any longer than
1.5ms will turn the servo in a clockwise direction toward the 180° posit
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

1. ARDUINO software is used

HOW TO START WITH ARDUINO SOFTWARE

1. | Get an Arduino or Genuino board and USB cable. ...

2. | Download and install the Arduino Software (IDE) ...

3. | Connect the board. ...

4. | Install the board drivers. ...

5. | Launch the Arduino Software (IDE) ...

6. | Open the blink example. ...

7. | Select your board. ...

8. | Select your serial port.

1. Get an Arduino or Genuino board and USB cable

In this tutorial, we assume you're using an Arduino or Genuino Uno or an Arduino or

Genuino Mega 2560. If you are using a retired board as Arduino
Duemilanove, Nano or Diecimila please refer to the driver installation instructions end of this
document. If you have another board, read the corresponding page linked in the main getting
started page.

2. Download and install the Arduino Software (IDE) Get the latest version from the download
page. You can choose between the Installer (.exe) and the Zip packages. We suggest you use
the first one that installs directly everything you need to use the Arduino Software (IDE),
including the drivers. With the Zip package you need to install the drivers manually. When the
download finishes, proceed with the installation and please allow the driver installation proces
 2. Keil Software

Keil development tools for the 8051 Microcontroller Architecture support every level of software
developer from the professional applications engineer to the student just learning about embedded
software development.

The industry-standard Keil C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Debuggers, Real-time Kernels, Single-
board Computers, and Emulators support all 8051 derivatives and help you get your projects
completed on schedule.

 When starting a new project, simply select the microcontroller you use from the Device
Database and the µVision IDE sets all compiler, assembler, linker, and memory options for you.
 Numerous example programs are included to help you get started with the most popular
embedded 8051 devices.
 The Keil µVision Debugger accurately simulates on-chip peripherals (I²C, CAN, UART, SPI,
Interrupts, I/O Ports, A/D Converter, D/A Converter, and PWM Modules) of your 8051 device.
Simulation helps you understand hardware configurations and avoids time wasted on setup
problems. Additionally, with simulation, you can write and test applications before target
hardware is available.
 When you are ready to begin testing your software application with target hardware, use the
MON51, MON390, MONADI, or FlashMON51 Target Monitors, the ISD51 In-System Debugger,
or the ULINK USB-JTAG Adapter to download and test program code on your target system.
 Advantages

1. The proposed system will avoid animals suffering from many diseases.

2. We proposed this smart system to track the good health of animals.

3. Animal owner stays are minimized due to remote monitoring.

 Application

Animal in the zoo or national parks.

At home for the pet animal.

farm-based animal’s needs monitors the health status of the cattle remotely 
 Conclusion

This does not require human attention as this is completely self-independent and automated
system. To conclude, the present project implements an IoT-based pet care system applying
several sensors and actuators on three devices. This system detect the temperature of animal
and and IR detect detect the human movement inside the animal boundaries or restricted
areas. the The water dispenser can monitor water consumption.
 REFERENCES
[1]Hai Wang, Abraham O. Fapojuwo, and Robert J. Davies, “A Wireless Sensor Network for Feedlot
Animal Health Monitoring”, IEEE Sensor Journal, August 2016.

[2]. Anuj Kumar and Gerhard P. Hancke, “A ZigBee - Based Animal Health Monitoring System”, IEEE
Senor Journal, January 2015

3. J. I. Huircanet al., "ZigBee-based wireless sensor Network

localization for cattle monitoring in grazing fields," Compute. Electron.

Agricuit.,vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 258-264, 2010.

4. R. N. Handcock et al., "Monitoring animal behaviour and

Environmental interactions using wireless sensor Networks, GPS

collars and satellite remote sensing," Sensors, vol. 9,no.

5, pp. 3586- 3603, 2009. 5. N. Kularatna and B. H. Sudantha, "An

environmental air Pollution monitoring system based on the IEEE

1451 standard for low cost requirements," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 8, no.

4, pp. 415-422, Apr. 2008.